Analysis of the value of place names in Qingshui River documents
Mr allen
(School of Humanities, Kaili University, Guizhou Kaili 556011)
Abstract: Due to the large number of surviving Qingshuijiang documents, there are also certain laws or characteristics in the writing of place names, which can be described as a very rich resource of place names. Compared with traditional data such as Fang Zhi, Toponymy Records, and County Records, the role and value of Qingshui river documents in the study of regional geographical names are particularly prominent. Its toponymic value mainly has three main: First, the geographical name resources are rich and distinctive; The second is to help explore the historical flow of geographical names; The third is to help the examination of historical geographical names.
Keywords: Qingshui River documents; Contracts; Toponymy
Toponymy is a discipline that studies the origin of geographical names, the composition of words, their meaning, their evolution, their distribution laws, the standardization and function of reading and writing, and the relationship between geographical names and the natural and social environment, and has a long history in China. In recent years, with the continuous deepening of the study of Qingshuijiang documents, the geographical names in the contract documents have attracted the attention of some experts and scholars, and relevant results have been published one after another.
Judging from the information further collected by the author, the Qingshui River documents do contain very rich geographical name resources, and the writing of geographical names also has certain laws or characteristics, which provides reliable first-hand information for the study of place names in the middle and lower reaches of the Qingshui River since the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is even comparable to the contractual instruments that have been found elsewhere in our country, which is of great benefit to the development of the corresponding research. Moreover, compared with the traditional materials of the region, Fang Zhi, Toponymy, Inscription, and County Chronicle, the value of qingshuijiang documents in the study of geographical names is also very prominent.
Judging from the existing research results, experts and scholars tend to use linguistic means, supplemented by fieldwork and other methods to interpret and examine the social, historical and cultural background of miao dong of place names seen in Qingshui river documents, summarize their naming laws, and explore the reasons for their names. There is no doubt that these studies have certain academic value and research significance, but due to their age and the influence of various factors such as the age and cultural level of the reporters during fieldwork, experts and scholars will have different interpretations of the relevant place names from the perspectives of linguistics and cultural ecology.
Of course, the above is only to raise this issue, and it is hoped that a preliminary exploration of this issue will be carried out from a different perspective, that is, from the perspective of toponymy, in order to further promote the in-depth study of geographical names. On the basis of analyzing the geographical name resources and characteristics of the Qingshui river documents, this paper believes that the geographical name resources in the Qingshui River documents are very rich and distinctive. The Qingshuijiang documents record the evolution trajectory of several place names in more detail, which is very conducive to the exploration of the historical flow of place names. Through the preliminary examination of the three historical place names of "Miao Decadence", "Miao Bao" and "Miao Guang", it can be predicted that the Qingshui River documents also have certain value and significance in the examination of historical place names.
First, the geographical names are rich and distinctive
Previously, some scholars estimated that the surviving volume of Qingshuijiang documents was about 300,000-500,000 pieces, and the sale and lease of zhongshan forest and land in these 300,000-500,000 contract documents were the most. If you pay close attention to the writing format, you will find that most of these mountains, forests, land sales, and leaseholds indicate the buyer and seller, the place of origin or kinship between the main family and the tenant, where the subject matter is located, and its writing methods include place names, land names, land names, small place names, aliases, alternative names, and so on.
At the same time, places of origin and place names also appear in some other types of documents such as sub-contract deeds, "innocent characters" and "bargaining words". Even in some contractual instruments, the place of origin of the owner of the subject matter previously purchased or leased by the deed holder is detailed. It is worth noting that these places of origin are geographical name resources from another perspective, as large as so-and-so province, so-and-so state capital, so-and-so county, as small as so-and-so village, so-and-so village.
Therefore, due to the huge number of surviving qingshui river documents, although the names of the places contained there are duplicates, their number should also be considerable, very rare, and it is actually a major feature. In order to illustrate the problem, several contractual documents are listed as proof.
Deed 1: Cen Wujiu forced slope barren mountain sale deed
Li Selling Hillside Fangping, Miao Baozhai Yang Xiangbao and Brother Cage Bao. Now because the family wanted to be urgent, he voluntarily took his grandfather Yamaba Fangping and sat in the local name Jiubaichong
right. The upper side is bounded by the deep rush of wu surname mountain, and the right side of the flat road is bounded by a concave. Gong dug a ditch with the surname Of Lu to pass through the grave, and the mountain concave reclaimed the field hill with fir. To sell, first ask the house family, then ask the neighbors, no one will buy. Please ask about the temple Wuzhai now, the current township under the name of the purchase of kan pipe industry. On that day, the price of silver was determined by three sides of the middle, and brother Yang Xiangbao personally received the foot. Its mountains, Fang Ping Chong
If you rely on the land to manage the business, you will not regret it in the future. If there is repentance, a pair of gold b and a pair of dragon horns occur. In the upper heavens, in the lower flat earth gods. Now that he wants to have a basis, he will make this deed of sale, and he will always keep it for future generations.
Pingzhong: Jiang Taiqiao, Long Dangge, Jiang Gaoming
The three of them have a total of eight points
Ghostwriter: Pu Xing'an received eight points
Kangxi Five Picks Four Years February 16th Stand Sale
Tianli Benevolence management industry is developed
The place of collection of deed 1 is Cen Wu Village, Jinping County, Guizhou, and the deed was established in the 54th year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1715). Judging from this contract document, the buyer and seller are neither relatives nor people in the same village, so the seller should write down the place of origin at the beginning, that is, so-and-so village or so-and-so village, or even as large as so-and-so province, here is "Miao Bao Zhai". The subject matter is a barren mountain, which also has a detailed name, and the local name is written here as "JiuBai Chong". If the subject matter is at the junction of two villages, the fourth to the fourth side will appear close to the so-and-so village. Similarly, the buyer's place of origin should also be written very clearly, here is the "Temple Wu Zhai", that is, today's "Cen Wu Zhai".
Deed 2: C-OO 36 Mountain Forest Tenant Deed
Jiang Yushan and Yueshan in Qianyang County, the capital of Guangyuan Prefecture, and Yang Biming in Zhijiang County. Now tenant to Wendou Village's main family Jiang Tingkui, Tongli, Yuhong, Shaotao, Changhou and other mountain fields B block, the local name Wujiexi. On the top, down by the stream, on the left by Xiaochong, on the right by the big ridge, planting millet and planting fir, limited to three years of planting. The three planters will have to buy Lao Xia's fast Field YiQuan in the first year, and they will have to buy the fourth master Nan Ge Tian Yi, and the Yang surname will have to plant three pieces of wood that have been planted in the previous year. If there is no planting, the landlord will be the land and the wood pipe industry, and the planting hand shall not speak otherwise. Its wooden words are divided equally among the five shares, the landlord accounts for three shares, and the planter accounts for two shares. Waiting for wood into a forest, two to divide the contract. Now if you want to have a basis, make this word a basis.
Gao Xianrong pen
Daoguang was established on the eighth day of the first month of July in the fourth year of Daoguang
The place of collection of deed 2 is Wendou Village, Jinping County, Guizhou, and the deed was established in the fourth year of Qing Daoguang (1824). Judging from the historical information reflected in this contract document, the person who established the word is a native of Qianyang County and Zhijiang County, the capital of Huguangyuan Prefecture, and the place of origin is clearly written. Since it is a non-native tenant, the place of origin of the owner of the mountain farm here should also be clearly written, that is, "Wendou Village". The mountain is written as the local name "Wujie Creek". Finally, the two place names of "Nange" and "Junsu" also appeared in the deed.
The characteristics of the writing of place names in contract documents such as deed 1 and deed 2 are: the relationship between the foreigners and the villagers such as buying, selling, renting and tenanting, etc. For these outsiders, especially people from other provinces, their place of origin can be specific to a certain province, as small as a certain county, while the surrounding area of Jinping, a certain county, can be specific to a certain village in a certain county, such as Tianzhu County Gaojiu Village, Tianzhu County Juren Ligandong Village, Kaili, etc. Generally, such a contract document will appear at least two large place names at the village level and above, plus a small place name where the subject matter is located, about three place names.
Deed 3: Ubudshin Mountain Farm Tenant Deed
Jiang Fengwen, Nephew Shuanglin and Shunlin were three people. Nowadays, the mountain name Zhen Throat shared by Jiang Enrui and Ping'ao Jiang Zhaofu in Benzhai, and the small place name is Ubushen. This mountain boundary toe: the upper mountain is the mountain of the landlord, the lower mountain shared by Jilin and Enrui, the left by the private mountain of Enrui, and the right by the mountain shared by Enrui and Jilin. This mountain soil is planted into wu shares, soil occupies three shares, and planting occupies two shares. This local stock is divided into two large shares, Ping'ao Zhaofu accounts for one large share, and Jia Chi Enrui accounts for one large share, a total of three small shares. The planting hand occupies two large shares, and it is divided into three small shares, Feng Wen accounts for a small share, Shuanglin accounts for a small share, and Shunlin accounts for a small share. It is limited to five years to become a forest, if it is not a forest, there is no point in planting hands, and the landlord recruits others. Fear of having no basis for this word, set up this word as a basis.
With Zhongyan Bay Fan Xiling
Ghostwriter Wendou Jiang Deng'ao
Guangxu was established on the ninth day of the first lunar month of the second year of Guangxu
Zhen throat small place name stain supplement. This mountain is shared with Ping'ao Jiang Zhaofu and is divided into two large shares.
The place of collection of deed 3 is Jiachi Village, Jinping County, Guizhou, and the deed was established in the 28th year of Guangxu (1902). From this contract, it can be seen that the tenant and the main family are people in the same village, so they are called Benzhai, but the other mountain owner who is not a Benzhai person indicates the place of origin, that is, "Ping'ao Zhai". The mountain field has the writing of the place name "Zhen Throat" and the small place name "Ubushen", which points very clearly. In the sub-shares, the place of origin of all the owners is also detailed. Sometimes the origin of the middle and ghostwriting will also be written, and the names of the two villages near Kachi Village, "Rock Bay" and "Wendou", appear here.
Deed 4: Jiang Fengrui cut off the sale of Tian Zi
Jiang Fengrui, the father of the person who immediately sold the Tianzi people, had nowhere to go due to lack of expenses. Volunteer to make up for the first Taitian size three passes, about six tons of grain. The boundary toe is on the slope, down to the oil mountain, on the left by the field of xianbang, on the right by the slope, and the four are clearly distinguished. Now with the Chinese ethnic group out of the decision and the dolphin Jiang Chengshou under the name of the purchase for the industry. At that time, according to the price of the Middle Council, the silver was picked up□ and the foot was received by hand. After this field was sold, he relied on the dolphin to go to the field to cultivate the official business, and the father seller was not allowed to speak otherwise, and now he was afraid that there was no basis for it, so he made this decision to sell the word as a basis.
By the middle court
Jiang Feng
Ghostwriter De
21st □ 20th year
The collection site of deed 4 is Jiachi Village, Jinping County, Guizhou, and the deed was established in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894). The peculiarity of this contract document is that the buyer and seller are father and son, and both live in Jiachi Village, and there is no need to indicate the place of origin. If it is not a person in the same village, although it is a family relationship, it is still necessary to write clearly. There is only one subject matter in the deed that sits on the ground.
The characteristics of the writing of place names in contract documents such as deed 3 and deed 4 are that if both parties to the deed are people in the same village, they do not need to write down their place of origin, but can write the village, or even omit it, and directly write the name of the person. If you are not a person in the same village, you need to indicate your place of origin. If the parties to the deed have relatives or clan relations, they are generally stated. Such as cousins, cousins, uncles and nephews, fathers and sons, fathers-in-law, sons-in-law, natives, upper houses, lower houses, home families, etc. If there is no kinship or clan relationship, the name of the person is written directly. Generally speaking, such a contract document will basically not have a village-level land name, and can only be used by virtue of the strong homeownership of the Qingshui River document and the characteristics of public publication in the village as a unit. In contrast, the writing method of small place names has various forms and a large number of small place names, most of which are Miao Dong place names, which are translated and written in Chinese, which is very special in the study of toponymy. The current study of place names in the Qingshui River documents is best evidenced by the fact that this is the best proof, but it is also very difficult as described in the introduction.
In short, the above is a brief analysis and summary of the basic situation of the place names seen in the Qingshui River documents for the purpose of the materials mentioned above. It is obvious that there are a large number of geographical name resources hidden in the Qingshui River documents, and through the discussion of their basic characteristics and laws, we can better and more quickly use these resources to carry out relevant research.
2. It is helpful to explore the historical flow of place names
Through the analysis of the characteristics of the writing of geographical names in the Qingshui river documents, we can find that if a contract document contains both place names and time, then there should be several place names in the Qingshui River documents that appear at different contract documents and at different points in time. It turns out that this is indeed the case, and many different ways of writing place names have been preserved because of the contract documents of different periods. Even some of the changes in geographical names are recorded in individual contractual documents, which has become an important evidence for the historical changes of these geographical names. In order to save space and facilitate the subsequent writing, here only the three place names of Shaoxia, Yaoguang and Jiachi in Jinping County are taken as examples to show proof, as detailed in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3.
Judging from the statistics in Table 1, the Qingshuijiang Instrument retains more "Shaoxia" geographical name information, and other contract documents are fewer or even none. The place names are written in five ways: "Miao Bao", "Miao Yu Zhai", "Shao Cai Zhai", "Shao Yi Zhai" and "Shao Yi Zhai". Overall, it shows the characteristics of changing from "Miao Bao" to "Shao Cai". In terms of time span, the earliest can be traced back to the Qianlong period, until the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948). Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, and the Republic of China are recorded in the five time periods. In particular, the changes in the writing of place names between the third year of Jiaqing (1798) and the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), the previous year was also written as "Miao Bao", and the next year became "Shao Cai", which is an important evidence of the historical flow of Shao Yi.
Judging from the statistics in Table 2, the geographical name information of "Yaoguang" in the contract documents is widely distributed, but it is still mainly based on the "Qingshuijiang Documents", and other contract documents are distributed in small quantities. In the writing of place names, "Miao Guang" and "Yao Guang" were the mainstays, and the early writing "Miao Guang" changed during the Jiaqing period, and then gradually wrote "Yao Guang", and occasionally "Miao Guang" appeared. In terms of time, the earliest can be traced back to the 20th year of Qianlong (1755). It has gone through several time periods such as Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, and Guangxu.
If you take the village names with more contract documents as Wendou and Jiachi as the center, you will find that they appear more frequently in the contract documents, the time points are richer, and the historical flow of place names is clearer. According to the author's preliminary statistics, there are as many as 22 different ways to write the name "Jiachi" alone, such as "Jiachi", "Gash", "Jiachi", "Jiachi", "Jiachi", "Fake Shi", "Valence Stone" and so on. The whole presents a combination of [jia]+[shi] or [jia]+[chi] homophones, but there is no fundamental change. The earliest time to write "Jiachi" was in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), and there were many earlier time points such as the forty-fifth, fifty-sixth, and fifty-ninth years of Qianlong. In terms of time, the earliest can be traced back to the twelfth year of Qianlong (1747), written as "plus ten". From the Qianlong to the Republic of China, there are "jia chi" in the contract documents of each time period, as detailed in Table 3.
What is different from previous studies is that only through the combing and statistics of a large number of contract documents, we can clearly see the historical flow of the three place names of Shaoxia, Yaoguang and Jiachi from the Qianlong To the Republic of China. In other words, it is also through the Qingshui river documents that we can clearly see how the vivid geographical entities carried by each place name are presented in people's specific practice, which is rare in our previous research. Moreover, in the case of linguistic explanations and fieldworks that do not achieve the desired results, such as analyzing the historical flow of several place names in the Qingshui river documents, and supplementing them with other materials, we can examine the historical information such as the reasons for their (change) names from one side.
3. Contribute to the examination of historical geographical names
Any place-name has its historical attributes, and some are older and still used today. Some are recently changed, while those that have been changed are historical names that have been changed and have the same status and value in the study of toponymics. For example, the "Huizhou" that has been hotly debated recently is a historical place name, and there are many debates between changing and not changing. In the Qingshui River Basin, there are also many place names that have gradually disappeared with the passage of time and for various reasons, becoming historical place names. So we don't see the history of some villages in their basic introduction. Some do not even know the history of their place names, and some are only the original name of so-and-so, which was later changed to the current name, and at about some time it was changed to the current name. As for who and when to change, there are also many legends, and even mistakes have been made to spread false rumors.
Under normal circumstances, traditional materials such as toponymic records and fangzhi occupy a very important position in regional toponymic research, and they are also very reliable materials. However, in places such as the Qingshui River Basin, where there are many ethnic minorities, and where they are incorporated into the central government's rule late and where the historical and cultural accumulation is relatively weak, there are not many materials available for the study of geographical names, which is not conducive to the study of geographical names. What's more, the historical information of some place names collected in these gazetteers and Fang Zhi is still worthy of scrutiny, and even inconsistent with historical facts. Fortunately, it is precisely because of some of the characteristics of the Qingshui River document in the writing of place names and their rich reserves that we can use this as a reference to examine the relevant historical place names. Here we take "Miao Decadence", "Miao Dumpling" and "Miao Guang" as examples, briefly described.
(1) From "Miao Decadence" to "Flat Bottom"
"Miao Decadence" is the "flat bottom" of Dajia Township in Liping County, Guizhou Today. In the Qingshui river texts, "Miao Decadence" is also written as "Miao Di", "Miao Ju", "Miao Arrival", and "Miao Yuan". Sometimes there are even two ways to write the same contract document, dating back to the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), as detailed in Table 4.
According to Guangxu's "Chronicle of Liping Province", "Guzhou Si belongs to sixty-six villages" and "Miao Decadent Village, one hundred and twenty miles away from the city." In this way, we find the shadow of "Miao Decadence" from the official materials of the Qing Dynasty, "Miao Decadence" is one of the 66 villages under the jurisdiction of the Guzhou Division, and its official place name should also be "Miao Decadence". This is exactly in line with the geographical name information in the Qingshui River document. It is precisely because of this that we can find the connection between the Qingshui River documents and Fang Zhi and the Gazetteer, connecting the two seemingly completely unrelated place names "Miao Decadence" and "Miao Zhi". Otherwise, it is difficult for you to imagine that the "Miao Decadence" in Fang Zhi is the "Miao Arrival" in the Gazetteer, and it is impossible to fully use a variety of materials to examine this place name, let alone find some problems in it.
In the 1985 compilation of the "Gazetteer of Liping County, Guizhou Province" and the 1991 compilation of the "Gazetteer of Guizhou Province Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture", there are expressions of the reason for the name of Pingdi, but the former name of Pingdi has become "Miao", not "Miao Decadence". As a result, the editor's explanation of the reason for its name is unconvincing, and the timing of the name is also very different from the contract document.
Page 334 of the former reads:
According to legend, in the early years, the village was inhabited by the Miao ethnic group, and in the year of yi ugly (1925 AD), there was no rain for a long time, the disaster was serious, bandits were rampant, the Miao people united as one, resisted the bandits' repeated attacks with earthen guns and knives, won victories, defended the safety of the village, and thus got the name "Miao Arriving", and later the Miao people moved away, han, Dong and other ethnic groups moved in, believing that the word "Miao Arriving" was indecent and detrimental to national dignity, and in 1956 it was renamed "Flat Bottom".
The latter also reads on page 162:
Pingdi, formerly known as "Miao Arriving", was named "Miao Arriving" after the great drought and famine in the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), the miao ethnic group of the whole village united as one, and won the victory against the robbers and bandits. After liberation, it was changed to its current name.
Obviously, it is problematic for the Gazetteer to use the historical event of the year of B ugly to explain the origin of the name of the place name, and even if it is real, it is not the reason for the name of "Miao". And its name should not have been 1925, perhaps earlier. Because from the statistics of Table 4, the "Miao Decadence" village is also mostly written as "Miao Di" or "Miao Ju (夆)" rather than "Miao Zhi". It is obviously incorrect to interpret it only in terms of the literal meaning of "Miao", and even the semantic differences between several forms of writing are very large. Moreover, as early as the Jiaqing period, there were "MiaoDi", "Miao Decadence" or "Miao Arrival" in the contract documents, and "Miao Ju" was even earlier, in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730). Compared with the gazetteer, the history of toponymic changes in Pingdi Village can obviously be pushed forward by nearly 200 years, not just in 1925.
After a small examination, we can conclude that the history of place name change in Pingdi Village dates back to at least the Qing Yongzheng period. The former name of "flat bottom" is not "Miao", but "Miao Decadence". The emergence of the Qingshui River document has provided an opportunity for the examination of the historical place name "Miao Decadence", and has also enabled us to trace its history with a solid historical basis.
(2) From "Miao" to "Shao Xia"
"MiaoLuo", known in ancient Miao as "dliangbniel", is the former name of the village of "Shaoxiao" in Hekou Township, Jinping County, Guizhou. "Miao" and Wendou and the "Miaoguang" to be discussed later are the same older villages along the Qingshui River. Some people say that "Miao Bao" means "mother of Miao Village" in the ancient Miao language. It is also said that the Miao language for "Miao" is called "shēi niě", which means "a village that lives in banpo to produce carp". In this way, "Miao" should be a Hmong place name, and it would be a mistake to explain the reason for its name literally. Therefore, in 1987, the "Geographical Records of Jinping County, Guizhou Province" in the "ShaoCai Village": "The original name of the village was Miao Lei, named after the Miao people living in it... In the early years of the Republic of China, the name was changed to Shao Cai" is debatable. As for who and when "Miao" was renamed "ShaoYi", there is another representative Xianfeng early hu linyi renaming.
According to Guangxu's "Chronicle of Liping Province", the city pool "Yongzheng Seven Years (1729) Beckons Yaoguang Eleven Villages", of which, "Shaoxia Village, one hundred and ten miles north of the city, was originally named Miao Luo, and the prefect Hu Linyi changed its name to the present". According to the relevant records of the "Annals of Hu Linyi" and the Guangxu "Chronicle of Liping Province", Hu Linyi's tenure as the prefect of Liping began in June of the first year of Xianfeng (1851) and ended in October of the second year of Xianfeng (1852). If "Shao Xia" was indeed changed by Hu Linyi, the maximum time point should be from the first year of Xianfeng (1851) to the second year of Xianfeng (1852), which is contrary to the writing in the contract documents counted in Table 1.
In the deed 1 and table 1 excerpted from the previous text, we can clearly see that the name of "Miao" in the Qing Kangqian period did not change, but it began to change significantly in the Jiaqing period. In particular, the third year of Jiaqing (1798) and the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799) can be described as a watershed, and there was a change from "Miao Dumpling" to "Shao Xia", that is, on June 11 and 928 of the third year of Jiaqing (1798), there were two contract documents that still wrote "Miao Dumpling", but in another contract document of The fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), it became "Shao Cai".
Therefore, we can conclude that Hu Linyi's statement that Hu Linyi changed "Miao" to "ShaoYi" in Guangxu's "Chronicle of Liping Province" is inconsistent with the historical information seen in the Qingshuijiang documents. The name "Miao" dates back at least to the third year of Jiaqing (1798) and the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799).
(3) From "Miao Guang" to "Yao Guang"
"MiaoGuang" originally belonged to Maoguangtun set up in the Ming Dynasty, and was called "dliangbseib" in Miao, which was the predecessor of "Yaoguang". In the thirty-third year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1694), he and the villages of Ping'ao, Wendou, and Miaoyuan were "all attached to grain". This is also corroborated with the "Eternal Monument" that exists in Ping'aozhai. As for who and when "Miao Guang" was renamed "Yao Guang", it is represented by the renaming of Hu Linyi and Zhang Guangsi, and the time is mainly based on the Xianfeng period.
According to Guangxu's Chronicle of Liping Province:
In the seventh year of Yongzheng, yaoguang eleven villages were recruited
Yaoguang Village, one hundred and twenty miles north of the city, near Miao Village, formerly known as Miao Guang. Ming was under the command of Mao Guangtun Fulongli. In the fifth year of the Yongzheng Dynasty, the yongzheng of the state was changed to a county, and in the seventh year, it was allocated to Kaitai. For the new An Miao Guang Jiuzhai, Xianfeng second year, the prefect Hu Lin set up a pillar in the wings, and the face decreed: After the Gongmu script rewrites Yao Guang, it must not still be called Miao Guang.
It can be seen that similar to "Miao Bao", "Miao Guang" was also changed by the prefect Hu Linyi, and it was in the second year of Xianfeng (1852).
According to the "Chronicle of Jinping County," "During the qing dynasty, Zhang Guangsi, the prefect of Liping, changed his current name to the Yaoguang Constellation." After investigation, Zhang Guangsi served as the prefect of Liping from the fourth year of Qing Yongzheng (1726) to the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), that is, from 1726 to 1727. At this time, "Yaoguang Eleven Village" has not yet been appeased, let alone changed its name. Therefore, Zhang Guangsi's change of name is not self-defeating.
Combined with Table 2 and the above, during the Qing Kangqian period, "Miao Guang" was written as "Miao Guang", and "Yao Guang" began to appear in the Jiaqing period. Since then, it has been basically fixed until today. Specifically, in the first year of Jiaqing (1796), there was also the writing of "Miao Guang", and the earliest way of writing "Yao Guang" appeared in the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801).
Therefore, we can be sure that at least by the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), "Miao Guang" had been renamed "Yao Guang". It also proves to some extent that the claim that Hu Linyi changed his name in the second year of Xianfeng (1852) contained in Guangxu's "Chronicle of Liping Province" is inconsistent with historical facts and inconsistent with the historical information contained in the Qingshui river documents.
In short, whether it is "Miao Decadence", "Miao Rong", "Miao Guang", or some other similar place names written in the Qingshui River documents, their historical changes can be found in one contract document after another. Through the simple examination of these three historical place names by using the Qingshuijiang documents, we can also clearly find that the discovery and research of the Qingshuijiang documents can correct the deviations of traditional documents, or can be mutually corroborated with traditional documents to promote the deepening of relevant research. In this way, the toponymic value of the Qingshui River documents can be fully reflected, which is even not available in other historical materials.
IV. Conclusion
In summary, the discovery and research of the Qingshui River documents in the past 50 years can be described as fruitful results. However, it can also be clearly seen from these studies that there are relatively few research results on place names in the Qingshui River Basin, and even fewer can use the new data of the Qingshui River Document to conduct related research. The reason may be related to the insufficient exploration and utilization of the qingshui river documents from the research perspective of the Qingshui River documents and the insufficient exploitation and utilization of the hidden geographical name resources. From the discussion in the previous article, we can be sure that in the Qingshui River documents, there are actually rich geographical name resources that can be used and have distinctive characteristics, which is actually one of the great values of its toponymy.
Secondly, several Qingshuijiang documents are like a time-space connection point, they are the product of people's specific practice in history, and they are first-hand materials. Through them, the living geographical entities are concretized and can be confirmed. We can also explore the historical evolution of place names from them, and trace their writing forms from ancient times to the present. This is something that traditional materials such as geographical names and fangzhi do not have.
Third, through the simple examination of the three historical place names of "Miao Decadence", "Miao Bao" and "Miao Guang", we can push forward the changes in the names of these villages, and even correct the rumors or deviations in them to avoid false rumors. This is precisely what the interpretation of traditional historical materials or linguistic perspectives cannot do, and it is the value of the Qingshui River documents in the study of regional geographical names. For example, the record of the renaming of "Miao Rong" and "Miao Guang" in Guangxu's "Chronicle of Liping Province" is likely to be wrong, and may not have anything to do with Hu Linyi. This can be found in the Qingshuijiang documents and other literature.
Finally, it should be noted that this article only makes a preliminary exploration of the value of qingshui river documents from the above three points, which involves many aspects of the problem, and it is by no means clear that an article can explain. For example, the chaos of place name writing in contract documents, the so-called elegance of place names related to ethnic discrimination, and the social, historical and cultural background of place name changes. The author believes that if we take the place names seen in the Qingshui River documents as the center, supplemented by various materials such as toponymic records, fang zhi, inscriptions, and county records, we can further excavate the toponymic value of the Qingshui River documents. At the same time, it will also contribute to the discussion of the social, historical, cultural, and geographical background of the change of historical names in the region, which is exactly the direction that the author needs to work on.
Source of the article: Journal of Primitive Ecological Ethnic Culture, Issue 04, 2019
Author: Li Pengfei
Draft: Chang Hongyu
Conversion, editing: Stop and stop
Proofreader: Zhou Chen
Review: Fang Mengyao