About the Author:
Yuan Jiafang has successively served as the deputy director of the Department of Business and Business of the Capital University of Economics and Business, the editor-in-chief of the Journal, the editor-in-chief of the Capital Economic Outlook, the deputy director of the Capital Institute of Economics, and the vice president of the Great Wall Institute of Tourism. He is the executive director of the China Business History Society, the executive director of the Beijing Tourism Society of the Chinese Geographical Society, the executive director of the Beijing Business Economics Society, the director of the Beijing Tourism Society, and a member of the expert advisory group of the Tourism Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Gulou Street 丨 Old photos
In the Drum Tower Commercial Street during the Republic of China, some shops and celebrities had a "correspondence" phenomenon. This phenomenon either appears on Gulou Street, or within the scope of Drum Tower and Shichahai, or steps out of the Drum Tower, forming the corresponding of the north city and the south city. The content and form of its "correspondence" are also different.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > "correspondence" on Gulou Street</h1>
About the north side of today's Di'anmen Department Store (hereinafter referred to as "Dibai"), it was once the "Tongxing Long Silk Cloth Shop", and it was directly opposite, on the east side of the road, which was "Qiantailong Silk Cloth Shop". Both of these shops are Mongolian tibetan villages, specializing in business outside the mouth. The clerk speaks Mongolian and Tibetan, and the signboard and wrapping paper of the store also have Mongolian and Tibetan characters. The business of the two companies is equal.
In the north of the back gate bridge, HeyiZhai and Fuxingju, two enema shops one west and one east, in front of the gong opposite the drum singing on the stage. In fact, these two are rice shops, but they are famous for fried enemas in Beijing.
In the old days of Beijing, there were four famous folk proverbs of "roasted wheat in the capital, fried liver in Huixianju, fried knots in Mujiazhai, and enemas in HoumenQiao". The first three are outside the front door, and all have the name, only when it comes to enemas, but only mentions the name of the back door bridge, and does not talk about the name of the two stores of Heyi Zhai and Fuxingju, which seems to emphasize that "the name of the capital eats fried enema, and everyone knows the back door bridge".
There is also a correspondence to a national pastry shop.
Yankuang Diagonal Street East Exit Road South, is the "Gonghe Kui" halal rao shop, in the Drum Tower Street on the three facades, the production room in the Yankua Diagonal Street, because of the height of the house foundation, up to the window in front of the high platform, can be seen in the window to make a pattern on the pastry. The store also specially uses imported phonographs to play Peking Opera singing segments and insert advertisements. Gonghe Kui's shop hall has even become a scene in Beijing, and many Western tourists have taken photos in Gonghe Kui shops, and there have been photos published in foreign newspapers and periodicals.
Opposite Gonghe Kui diagonally, on the east side of the road, there is the Manchu Han Rao Shop "Qinglan Zhai" in the north, and the famous Manchurian Rao Shop "Gui Ying Zhai" in Beijing in the south.
Like Gonghe Kui and Qinglan Zhai, Gui Yingzhai has seasonal pastries all year round, but it is a Manchu specialty. It also customizes the food needed for weddings and funerals, big festivals and small loves, and a table of honey offerings and mooncakes. Even the Lantern Festival is now playing lanterns, and its home is full of cream.
Gui Yingzhai shop pretense
There is a correspondence of the store sign. For example, the "Bao Ruixing" pickle shop near the back door bridge, commonly known as the "big gourd", got its name because of the one-man-high wooden red lacquer gourd in front of the store. Its pickles look medium in color and taste sweet and salty. Its yellow sauce has a shiny appearance, the entrance is salty with sweet, the most famous, even the pickles, pickles, sugar garlic used in the Zuo Near King's Mansion on weekdays are purchased in the big gourd on Di'anmen Outer Street. At that time, Bao Ruixing's pickles were on a par with Liubiju and Guixinzhai. In 1956, it was a public-private partnership and later converted into a non-food restaurant.
"Big gourd" north, on the north side of the east entrance of the tobacco bag diagonal street, there is a Tonghesheng and Shuangshengtai tobacco bag shop, and under its front porch there is a large wooden cigarette bag with a length of about 1.5 meters, a silver cigarette bag mouth, a black lacquered cigarette bag pole, and a tobacco bag pot for a golden pot red, which is very eye-catching. Legend has it that the tobacco bag street is named after this large cigarette bag, which is not enough. But under the drum tower, a big gourd and a big cigarette bag are really chic.
In addition, there is the joint correspondence between light and fire and the remote echo of lamp and lamp.
From the Drum Tower to the south, the west of the main street (now No. 15, Di'anmen Outer Street), is a "Jushengchang" seafood and dried and fresh fruit shop, commonly known as "Xiaomen Ginger Shop". High steps, small narrow doors, but the courtyard is 200 meters long, and the back door is opened in Dashibei Hutong (now no. 2).
Every year during the Lantern Festival, Xiaomen Ginger Shop pays funds, and employees cooperate with Shichahai ice cellar workers to make ice lanterns in the courtyard for display, including Maitreya Buddha, Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, Sun Monkey Pig Eight Precepts and other shapes; There are also malt lamps, green wheat seedlings planted on the mud tires of dragons and tigers, verdant and turquoise, a spring. Going to Xiaomen Jiang Shop to see the lights has become a scene of the Drum Tower Lantern Festival, and the police also have to send special personnel to maintain order.
The former site of Xiaomen Jiang Shop, No. 15 Di'anmenWai Street
In the south of Xiaomen Jiangdian, "Tongxingchang" and "Qian Tailong", the two silk cloth shops have hung yarn lanterns with pictures at the Lantern Festival, competing with their respective modeling and painting skills. In addition, the two families held fireworks in front of the store, which attracted people to watch, so that the streets were congested, and the cheers and firecrackers rose and fell, pushing the Lantern Festival on Gulou Street to a climax.
The lamp echoes with the lamp, saying that the back door bridge south, the road east, the dried fruit shop "Da Shun Gong". Its façade is wider than the small door ginger shop, and every Lantern Festival, there are also ice lamps and malt lamps, across the back door bridge, corresponding to the north and south of "Jushengchang".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="56" > "correspondence" of the block range</h1>
Mr. Weng Yihong's "Three Streets of Gulou" said, "Tianhuixuan Grand Tea House after the Republic of China scales into several book teahouses, mainly book commentary, but also sell clear tea ... Each bookstore is three times in the morning, the main field and the evening light, and each one rotates every two months, rotating new books. ("Wucheng: A Vernacular City through the Eyes of Cultural Celebrities", edited by Ma Xiangwu, Zhou Zuoren, Shen Congwen, etc., China Overseas Chinese Publishing House, January 2008, 1st edition, page 33)
Mr. Jin Shoushen's article "The Tea House" said:
"Beijing is the birthplace of book reviews, and most of the famous corners of some book reviews are trained by Beijing, but those who have listened to books in Beijing also have special experience and have accurate ears." As soon as the artist was evaluated by the old scholars, he immediately became famous. Beijing storytellers are afraid of Donghuamen and Di'anmen, because Dongyuexuan outside Donghuamen and Tonghexuan (later changed to Guangqingxuan) outside the Donghuamen and Tonghexuan (later changed to Guangqingxuan) outside the Back Gate are extremely experienced, and even if they say it wrong, they must be criticized, so that they cannot develop... The flyover is a game place and does not hang regular customers, so any storyteller can be earned by Fu Haixuan. (Jin Shoushen: Life in Old Beijing, Beijing Publishing House, December 1989, 1st Edition, p. 161)
This "Guangqingxuan" is diagonally opposite the Tianhui compound, in the Yili Hutong on the west side of the road.
Guangqingxuan's listeners were all figures with heads, the eldest brother Pu Jun, the calligrapher and painter Pu Xinshe, the last branch leader Liu Chunlin, the author of the "Yanjing Chronicle" Fu Cha Dunchong, the Nine Gate Admiral Jiang Chaozong, the Qing Palace eunuch Xiao Dezhang, the forty-eight chief eunuch Li Leting, the eunuch Mu Haichen of the Shengping Bureau, and so on. The famous Peking opera artist Jin Shaoshan is a long-term book holder here, in order to "enlighten" the play from the book. In front of these people, it is said that "their praise and criticism often determine the fate of the storyteller's success or failure." Therefore, the storyteller invited by GuangQingxuan is the leader of the book critics. When He was speaking in Guangqingxuan, he must also be extra careful, and if he occasionally said something wrong, he would inevitably be harshly ridiculed. (Shichahai Folk Customs, edited by Shichahai Research Association, Contemporary China Publishing House, June 2008, 1st edition, pp. 207-220; Cheng Shanqing: "TeaHouse Culture Whispers", Beijing Xicheng Daily, September 24, 2009)
Guangqingxuan has simply become the seat of the high-end "certification committee" of Beijing storytelling. Tianhuixuan's bookstore is crowded with general audiences, crowded, and bustling.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="57" > the remote "correspondence" of the north and south cities</h1>
The "correspondence" between the north and the south is manifested not only in the shops, but also in the commercial streets or markets.
Yufeng Tobacco Shop, there are two in Beijing. In front of the Drum Tower (Drum Tower East Street), called "North Yufeng"; In front of the large fence, called "South Yufeng". "Beiyufeng" opened in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and closed in the 1940s. Because after the Republic of China, cigarettes became popular, and the tobacco shops did not make a living.
Qian Xiangyi, one of the "Eight Great Xiangs", founded his own "North Number" on the north side of the Houmen Bridge in the twenty-eighth year of Qing Guangxu (1902). The qing dynasty's widows and warlords and dignitaries living in the north city have become its regular customers. Qian Xiangyi of the East Moon Wall outside the front gate (relocated to Langfang Toutiao in 1915 and moved to the current site of the Jewelry City in 1953) echoes the north number of the Houmen Bridge.
The most important thing to say is that "there is Guangheju in the south and Huixian Hall in the north.".
There used to be Guangheju in the east of the northern half-cut hutong road of Caishikou, and in the late Qing Dynasty, countless important ministers and celebrities gathered here. Qi Liaozao, He Shaoji, Weng Tonggong, Li Yueman, Zhang Zhidong, Tan Sitong, Chen Baochen and other influential figures, as well as Tan Mingtian (a famous Peking Opera artist), Sai Jinhua, Xiao Fengxian, etc., have all left footprints here. Such restaurants are among the few in the world. Guangheju was founded during the Daoguang years and closed in the early 1930s.
The "Old Beijing Trivia" also says: "The scholars are good at gathering in Guangheju in the northern half of the hutong, and Zhang Wenxiang (Zhidong) advocates the most vigorously in Beijing." ("Four Narratives of the Old Beijing Trivia of Zhichao", by Xia Renhu, Liaoning Education Publishing House, December 1998, 1st edition, page 127)
The Huixian Hall along the north coast of Qianhai in Shichahai was rebuilt at the end of Guangxu for Zhang Zhidong's chef.
Old photo of HuixianTang
The main customers of Huixiantang Restaurant were princes and ministers and eight banner nobles in the late Qing Dynasty, and warlords, high-ranking officials, and rich merchants during the Republic of China. In addition to official meetings and banquets, there are festive activities in their homes, and many of them go to the Huixian Hall. From the national affairs to the celebrities and family affairs, it can be said that he has seen the world. Today, at its former site, you can still see the four words of "Qunxian Bizhi" on its door.
"Zaifeng often came to patronize the business here, discussed military affairs with Qing court dignitaries, and held a council of ministers here when he was regent." "When Xu Shichang became president, Puyi's Ministry of Internal Affairs came forward to invite this Xu Taifu to a banquet, which was held on the upper floor of the Huixian Hall." "Cultural celebrities before and after May Fourth, such as Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Qian Xuan, and others, have all visited huixian halls to feast or entertain guests." "On May 13, 1930, the leading figures of the Kuomintang reorganization faction and the Xishan Conference faction gathered in huixian hall to discuss joint opposition Chiang Kai-shek held an important party affairs meeting here." ("Shichahai's Time-honored Brands and Characteristic Stores", by Yu Yongchang, Contemporary China Publishing House, June 2006, 1st edition, pp. 11, 13-14)
"In the early years of the Republic of China, the Mongolian Prince of Korqin, Gongsan Norbu, originally accompanied by Fu Jin Ai Xinjue Luoshi forty full birthdays, held a grand hall meeting in the Huixian Hall, and the former Princes of The Qing Dynasty, Mongolia, and Han Dynasties and Belle, Beizi, Ministers, and dignitaries of the Republic of China came to congratulate him one after another." The performers of this church meeting include Mei Lanfang (the first of the four famous Dans), Yang Xiaolou (Wusheng Taidou), Yu Shuyan (founder of Yu Pai Laosheng), Xiao Changhua (famous ugly, opera educator), Jiang Miaoxiang (famous Xiaosheng), Cheng Jixian (Wenwu Xiaosheng), Jin Xiushan (copper hammer flower face), Qiu Guixian (copper hammer flower face) and so on. Many famous artists, jointly on stage, various genres, is the Huixian Hall to undertake the Wangfu Hall will be an unprecedented grand event. (Folk Customs of Shichahai, by Cheng Shanqing, edited by Shichahai Research Association, Contemporary China Publishing House, June 2008, 1st edition, pp. 66-68)
It is precisely because of the close connection with the political and cultural history of China in the past hundred years that when mentioning famous restaurants in Beijing, it is indispensable to mention Guangheju and Huixiantang; All the history of the capital in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, many historical notes and even literary works, all wrote about the stories of Huixian Hall, Guangheju and modern celebrities.
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