directory
First, the type of hot topics is summarized
【Question Type 1】Word Meaning 1
【Question Type 2】Sentence Meaning and Function 9
【Question Type 3】Appreciation of passages and sentences 17
【Question Type 4】Appreciation Technique 24
Second, the latest mock exam question group practice 32
【Question Type 1】Meaning of words
【Example Analysis】
Read the text below to complete the following sub-questions.
Green tent
Nanzi
(1) In the spring of that year, my family moved from the Ichi Creek mining area to the town of Kuiybag. Large bags of luggage had just been thrown off the convertible, and people were blindfolded: Is this a new home? This is clearly the Gobi Desert, no built houses, no streets, no squares, no trees, no grass, white flowers in the saline and alkali land, the sun crackling violently, and the heat is so hot that people are killed. What's worse is that I heard that the wind and sand here are strong, and sandstorms blow up at every turn - noon is like dusk, dusk is like night.
(2) An old man trembled and bowed down, grabbed a handful of sand under his feet, stuck out his tongue and licked it, and tears fell: "This soil is salty, what about the house?" Where is it—" He didn't seem to believe that he was going to spend the rest of his life here.
(3) No one answered his words.
(4) Each family received a green canvas tent, commanded by a bearded man, and laid a pile in a large open space to install a tent. The green tents that have been set up are neatly arranged and occupy the Gobi north of Kuiy bagh, making every morning look solemn, barricade-like atmosphere. When I first moved in, the tent was empty and there was nothing. My parents kept adding things: first wooden beds, then wooden cabinets of varying heights, then pig iron stoves, pots and pans.
(5) On the night of staying, the sky blew up dust. It seemed that ten thousand tons of sand grains from the desert were suspended in the air, with a choking earthy smell, falling little by little, seeping into all corners of the tent. The rustling sound fell on the tarpaulin, and it trembled slightly like a gasp.
(6) When you wake up the next morning, you lift the quilt like a small sandstorm. I didn't have time to shake off the dust from my clothes and hair, nor did I have time to take a sip of water, clean up my throat and eyes that were blocked by the dust, and pushed open the tent door. The viscous floats were everywhere, everywhere, everywhere, and the familiar green tents of the past seemed to be cast in concrete.
(7) On the first day we came to settle in the town of Kuibag, it entered my body in this thirsty way.
(8) I saw that in such a simple tent, people lived with great care, sprinkling water on the dirt floor in front of the tent every morning to remove dust, planting trumpet flowers, supper flowers, and oleander in discarded enamel pots and pottery pots with missing corners. Some families have chickens and ducks – every morning when they wake up, a flock of chickens grunts and burrows into tents to forage for food, even though there is nothing on the whitish saline ground.
(9) The path between the tent and the tent is stepped out by people step by step. Some families still grow vegetables in discarded rice tanks. It is a cabbage stalk, crooked like a weed, densely packed. In addition, there are morning glory vines that are casually hung on the brick base.
(10) Every day after work, the chimney tubes of every household in the tent area rise up with smoke from cooking, and the fireworks are full of fireworks. People eat in dimly lit tents, and low conversation and laughter bring earthly warmth to an ordinary day.
(11) Because the tent is close to each other, many sounds can be heard: the rattling sound of the bed board when people turn over; the rapid and hectic footsteps before going to work in the morning; the dull stir-frying sound of a tired housewife; the Qin cavity of the man in the next door neighbor's house; the sound of the Dutalqin played by the Uyghur family opposite; the sound of the rushing water made by the children when they bathed in the large iron basin; the sound of the husband and wife arguing quietly; the clanging sound of the rice spoon tapping the cup...
(12) Each night is like countless identical nights, a cool night air mixed with the fishy smell of the jujube trees by the canal, and the rotten smell of leaves accumulated over the years. In the beginning, the tent area was not connected to electricity, and it was all illuminated by the moon at night, and once the moon was obscured by clouds, there was no light, and the wild cats outside the tent were allowed to hiss like scissors cutting through the night air. Darkness accompanied everything, and when it was completely dark that day, the blackness almost seeped into the gap between my chest and my coat.
(13) Winter is coming, the weather is cold to the bone, there is no wind, and the cold air seems to freeze people's lungs. Midnight frost makes the ground more translucent and the stars colder and harder. The cold feeling, whipping people's bodies like a whip, but it is not cold enough to make people feel that they start to freeze from the body.
(14) Bad weather has not shaken people's hearts. Every day people come out of their tents to work on the construction site, they greet each other all the way, everyone's eyes are fresh – everything seems to contain infinite possibilities. People planned this Gobi desert, dug a neat water canal, planted sand jujube trees, elms, and Xinjiang poplar seedlings one by one on both sides of the canal and road, endured the invasion of sandstorms, and endured long hours of hard work and cold every day.
(15) By the summer of the following year, the men worked naked to save clothes. The naked bodies of hundreds of men digging the canals looked like a yellow torrent from a distance; but the hard white saline ground under their feet, which even the pickaxe could not dig, emphasized everywhere that this was actually a hopeless place. People have made so much effort to build new homes with their own hands that they must have thought of living here for a long time; but they did not expect that in just a few decades, most of these people would once again abandon everything they had built with their own hands and go away.
……
(16) Years later, more people left the desert-edge town of Kuiybagh, which they had built with their own hands.
(17) Among these people, there is also our family.
(18) After the school equinox, we will also move from green tents to new homes - ten rows of brick houses, each family and one yard. On my last night in the tent area, the clouds moved rapidly in the sky in the evening, and the clouds were thick and dry and hard winds. The wind was fierce, and the net opened the corner of the tent spire. In the middle of the night, I felt as if there was light around me. When I opened my eyes, I couldn't help but sigh in my heart, the wind was clear, the corner of the tent was exposed, the sharp and hard stars were hanging low, like there were many tiny lamps that particularly favored this tent. Some of them were reddish, some were golden, some were flashing white, and they gathered together to project here, and suddenly poured down from the top of the tent - the opening of the hole, so that I could see. Let me feel that the sky in this late night is not completely dark, but a little blue in the black, a very deep blue, an infinitely deep blue, and the extreme clarity is irresistible.
(19) I looked at the starry sky with fascination, thinking about the past for a while, and thinking about the future for a while.
(20) Before this, I loved only myself, and when I was a little older, I added a little love for others, and at this moment, because of this starry sky, I added a little love for the town of Kuibagh - things that were greater than the world, things larger than the ground, so that my eyes were filled with tears.
(Selected from People's Literature, No. 6, 2021, with deletions)
Understand the meaning of adding words to the text.
(1) It enters my body in this thirsty way:
(2) Everyone's eyes are fresh:
【Answer】
(1) Refers to the characteristics of Kuiy bagh town floating dusty, dry, and without vitality. (2) Refers to people's eyes are new and bright. We are full of hope and expectation for the construction of a new home.
【Analysis】
This question tests students' ability to understand the meaning of important words in the text
(1) "Thirsty", combined with "This is clearly the Gobi Desert, no built houses, no streets, no squares, no trees, no grass, white flowers in saline alkali land, the sun crackles violently, the heat is so hot that people are killed" analysis, referring to the dry and lifeless characteristics of kuiybagh town. Combined with the analysis of "I heard that the wind and sand here are strong, and sandstorms blow up at every turn - noon is like dusk, dusk is like night", the characteristics of wind and sand here are large and dusty.
(2) "Fresh", people's eyes are new and bright, the bad climate has not shaken people's hearts, and they are full of confidence in the construction of this place. Later, it is said that "everything seems to contain infinite possibilities" and "people are interested in this piece of go... Enduring sandstorms, enduring long hours of hard work and cold every day", people continue to work hard to build new homes. People are full of hope and expectations for the future, etc.
【Points Cheats】
To understand the meaning of a word, we must taste its profound connotation through the surface meaning of the word, such as figurative meaning, symbolic meaning, anti-semantic meaning, pun meaning, referential meaning, etc.
The figurative meaning is to clarify the object of its metaphor, that is, to find its essence;
Symbolic meaning, to find the symbolic object of the word;
Anti-semantics, to be reciprocal;
Pun meaning, pay attention to whether it is a harmonic pun or semantic pun;
Referring to the meaning, look for an interpretation in the previous or next sentence.
Of course, to understand the meaning of words, we must also contact the specific context of the words, combine the author's views, the theme of the article, and find the corresponding interpretation from the sentences, paragraphs, and contexts in which they are located.
【Variant Exercise 1】
The pace of spring
Liu Liangcheng
(1) When I first found the bug, I thought it was basking in the sun on its back. I happened to be tired of walking and sat next to it to rest. In fact, I also wanted to lie down side by side with it facing the sky. I stuck the shovel on the ground. The sun is overhead. Spring has just begun, and the ground is still largely bare. Many things didn't come out. Including the grass, only the stars probed a little, and half of the seeds were still buried. Those little bugs were also half awake from a long hibernation. This is the step of spring. Even if the sun is hot in early spring, they still maintain the slowness they deserve. Because, spring cold is often there. When a cold snap kills the green buds that emerge first, the grass seeds that have not sprouted and the little bugs that have not woken up survive and become another life of the land.
(2) In the spring, I like to go out of the village early, the snow before the foot melts, and my back foot steps on the steaming wasteland. I carried the shovel and took a piece of rope. After the snow subsides, many things will emerge on the wilderness: a dry tree stump, a firewood stick half buried in the soil... The earth was like a quilt that had suddenly been lifted, and those things were too late to hide. It will take some time for the grass to grow taller. The days are getting longer and longer. I could go a little farther, go around to the crooked elm tree in the bend, fold a thin branch, look at the water green of the stubble, and know how vibrant it is, and that it can live vigorously for a year. Every spring I come to this elm tree first and take a few looks. It is my tree. The straight end pointed to the two thin branches on the horizontal branch of the roof of our house, which may have been cut down by someone as a basket handle after winter. Last autumn when I was lying on the tree and playing, I found that it was a good basket handle, and I did not want to cut it. Longer and thicker may be a good shovel. I think. It didn't grow.
(3) I can't hide a tree, a straight branch of a tree, and let it grow secretly for me. I have only buried one watermelon, and it has grown and matured for me alone.
(4) When the watermelon was found, it had pulled a rice straw, and it had a melon egg the size of a fist, and two small melon eggs with the size of a finger hanging from the tip. I think the wood diggers here last fall ate the seeds of watermelon. Just here the roots dug out a red willow, the soil is weak, very fertile, and there is a small puddle left after the roots are dug up, and the watermelon grows.
(5) At that time, the rain was abundant, and wild grain crops could often be seen in the wilderness: cattle ate the whole grain of brown rice that was not digested and discharged from the stomach, wheat grains and rapeseed that the birds flew over and threw into the soil with their loose mouths, rice and sunflower seeds buried after the destruction of the rat hole... They all sprout and grow in the spring. But they can't grow tall enough to be chewed off by livestock and wild animals.
(6) Sooner or later, this watermelon will also be found by the wood people or animals. They don't wait for the egg to ripen before they eat it raw. Everyone knows that a melon in the wilderness you won't meet a second time. I thought of a way to dig a pit under the melon egg and let the melon egg hang in. Carefully seal the top of the pit. Pinch off the other two small melon eggs on the stalk. The straw head is interrupted, don't let it grow any longer. Let people know at a glance that this is a watermelon stalk that has not borne fruit, and will not pay too much attention to it.
(7) Three or four miles north of the river bay, there was another big elm tree crouching in the low-lying wilderness, and when I walked toward it, I had a little fantasy and luck: maybe this year it will come back to life.
(8) This tree did not germinate last spring. In the summer, when I drove past it, I still didn't grow a single leaf. I think it was so confused that it had forgotten that it should sprout and grow leaves in the spring. The tree is old enough to live like this, dying for a while and living for a while. Sometimes we think it is completely dead, but in two years it will grow a few young branches and a few green leaves from the cracked body. It doesn't matter if it's life or death. It has grown thick enough. There were enough branches, though they had been cut down to the point where three or two were left. It doesn't point anything anymore. The green space it points to is deserted. Each branch of a large tree in the wilderness indicates a path. There is a way to live and a dead end. People who can look at trees can find water sources and inhabited places from the direction of a thick branch.
(9) When we arrived at Huangshaliang, there were not many things in this land: trees, livestock, wild animals, people, meadows, and I could perceive it with one less. I know something can't go any further.
(10) Every spring, what makes me leave the village early may be the big lonely elm trees, the patches of green grass in the depression, and the sound of birds streaking overhead—birds flying from one tree to another in the distance. Tired of flying, falling to the ground panting... Without them, I would stay in the house all year round, with four walls and doors and windows sealed.
(11) In this village, those trees could not be less. Those birds and insects can no longer be without.
(12) In early spring I like to walk in the sun. In the early morning, just after eating, the sun was shining on the bulging belly, and I felt the chewed grain growing lushly in my body. I can also feel the comfort of this little beetle that has been crawling for many years and has no sun on its abdomen, and is lying on the ground on its back facing the sky. Facing up to the sky is a unique way for upright animals to enjoy themselves. Ordinary reptiles only face the sky when they die.
(13) When I thought about it this way, I suddenly found that the beetle's movement of kicking its legs toward the sky was somewhat stiff, as if it was convulsing in pain. Whether it's going to die or not. I lay down next to it. It was right next to my head. I turned to the side and flicked it with a small wooden stick, and it was coming over, the sunlight reflecting on the smooth carapace, but soon it was crooked again, lying on its back facing the sky.
(14) I think it's about to die. Somehow something hurt it. A bug in this wilderness probably has two ways to die: to die under the hooves of a running animal, or to die at the mouth of a predator. There's another way to die — old death, which I don't quite know.
(15) I know that some beings who seem to be moving have actually died long ago. The wind kept blowing them, from one place to another, and back again.
(16) The beetle did not die immediately. It struggled for a while. I turned my head to look at the wilderness in the distance, the continuous desert at the end of the wilderness, and turned back, it was still kicking its legs, but the movement was getting weaker and weaker. As soon as it kicked its legs into the air, I seemed to see a path in the sky. The time and the midday sky were thus moved to the west little by little by its small legs facing the sky.
(17) Then it stopped moving. I flicked it a few times with a small stick, but still there was no response.
(18) I went back and started thinking about something else. Maybe I should get up and go. I will not mourn the death of a little bug. My smallest sorrow is greater than the death of a bug. I just patiently waited for the dying time of a small worm, and in the never-ending clamor of life, I saw the land that had been silent since the death of a small worm. Other bugs are barking. Other birds are flying. When the earth was revived in pieces, in the whole perception of a small insect, the earth dimmed. (With deletions)
(1) Steps in spring: ________
(2) Burial: _________
Steps in spring: Life in spring is half awakened and half buried, maintaining the slowness it deserves.
Burial: I am worried that the watermelon will be plucked; I hope that this life will grow for me alone, only mine.
This question tests students' ability to understand the meaning of words in a text.
The first empty combined text "Many things didn't come out. Including the grass, only the stars probed a little, and half of the seeds were still buried. Those little bugs are also half awake in a long hibernation... Even if the sun is hot in early spring, they still maintain the delay they should be" It can be known that the "steps of spring" means that half of the life in the spring is awakened and half buried, maintaining the delay it should be.
The second empty binding text "Sooner or later this watermelon will also be found by the wood man or animal." They don't wait for the egg to ripen before they eat it raw. Everyone knows that a melon in the wilderness you won't meet a second time. I thought of a way to dig a pit under the melon egg and let the melon egg hang in. Carefully seal the top of the pit" "It grew up and matured for me alone" It can be known that "buried" means that the author hid the watermelon because he was worried that it had been picked away; I hope that this life will grow for me alone, only to me.
【Variant Exercise 2】
Read the following two articles to complete the following sub-questions.
Flow letter customs
It was the Yellow River that led me here.
In the east, west, south, and north, walking through the central plains, everything grows along the Yellow River, which was once the historical axis. From here, the Yellow River enters the lower section of the middle reaches of the gorge, with Northern Jinbei to the north and Western Henan to the south. The Yellow River is also in place because of the mountain, and it is forced to bend the north-south direction of the water into an east-west direction, completing the bending hook of the "several" characters when overlooking the sky. This is a dashing stroke, this big river here, there is rhythm, reserved, but also fall, cross.
How do I describe "here"? At this moment, it is Lingbao City, which is 36 kilometers away from Sanmenxia City, and Wangduo Village, which is 15 kilometers north of Lingbao City. Going back in time, it was the land where Father Kwa was thirsty day by day and gave up his staff to become a land of Deng Lin, the origin of "Purple Qi Coming from the East" and "Chicken Singing Dog Thief", and the Kunhan that the Warring States Duke of Qin Xiaogong seized from the hands of the State of Wei... Regarding the definition of "here", dozens or hundreds of kinds can also be said.
People call "here" Hanguguan, and its name is its origin. The old road to Luoyang in the east and Xi'an in the west, the section from Kunshan to Tongguan that you want to cross, almost all of them are between mountain streams and valleys, and people walk here, like entering a tunnel without knowing the depths of danger, the ancient name of Hangu, the meaning of dangerous pass. Such an apt designation has never changed. There is a legend that in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the King of Wu fell to Makino, returned with a great victory, put it on this, and set up a special risk to manage the pass, and there is also a saying that Qin Xiaogong chose the most dangerous section after the war to be heavily guarded. In the era of cold weapons, the battlefield of Jinge Iron Horse was a place where soldiers and families had to fight, and it was a symbolic place where the monarch and the tyrant competed for supremacy, and created and ended a final conclusion. This is the romantic poetry and realistic lyricism of "Tiankaihan Valley Zhuangguan, eternal dust to this sky" and "Twin peaks towering next to the river, from the ancient Hangu To a battlefield".
Just as the Yellow River had flowed for many years before I arrived, this towering guanlou was full of wind and rain, changed color, and became a thing in time. Of course I thought so, but people told me it was just a new one built on the site in the 1990s. Modern tourism, dress it up generously and dazzlingly. The few remaining original sites, the original sites through the wind and rain, are only left in the black and white pictures. What kind of loss will people who seek the ancients and visit the ancients but cannot get the ancients breed? However, I was relieved that it was its inevitable fate to be destroyed and built repeatedly. Here, even if there is an empty space left, leaving only the imagination of the tiles and trees, it is also a swing of the intestines.
I crossed the square, my steps eager, as if to go beyond the time of disappearance to take a step ahead. The Yellow River, which is adjacent to the north, does not stop flowing, no one can go to the front of the water, and how can it transcend time. Bypassing the towering statues in the park, the pavilions with cornices, the original houses, and the memorials that are importantly protected, I carefully stepped on the walkway that was trampled by the bustling crowds. Moving around, the curtain of the Dao Dao was opened, but it was not the ruins of Guguan that I wanted to see.
Most of the ancient stories take place in rivers, ancient roads, or border buildings. Hangu Pass is bordered by the Qinling Mountains in the south, the Yellow River in the north, and the east and west are either absolute streams or high mountains, and its charm is also its heart-wrenching place, because so many people want to pass through it and occupy it. It is blocked, closed, and also unblocked and open.
Here, one thing cannot be avoided, and that is the retrospection of history. No matter which corner you hide, the wind of history is blowing in, and the power of emotions is under the support of history, making the road to Hangu Pass become ups and downs. Built in the 1990s, Guanlou is just the embodiment of history, and traces of the past are erased – until it is opened by the Hanguan Ancient Road behind a black stone stele. In ancient times, it was just a dirt road winding in a ravine. It is recorded that this once rugged, narrow, winding road was 15 miles long, the ditch wall was 50 meters high, the slope was 40 to 80 degrees, and in some places it was only 2 meters wide, allowing only one bullock cart to pass. The car is not square, the horse is not parallel, and the people are in it, such as in the letter. Not an exaggerated description, it is conceivable that it has a stake in military strategy. From the distant Spring and Autumn Warring States began to collide, until the unification of the Qin state, Hanguguan played a key role in determining victory or defeat. Western Han Jiayi commented in the famous "Treatise on Passing the Qin": "So the people of the Six Kingdoms ... Taste ten times the land, millions of people, knock on the barrier and attack Qin. The Qin people switched to extend the enemy, the division of the Nine Kingdoms, and did not dare to enter. "A good one" patrolled and did not dare to enter"!
However, in 209 BC, Chen Sheng's rebel army crossed the border and fought, Liu Bang went around the pass to destroy Qin, Xiang Yu made Tuobu break through the pass, and burned the pass in anger, and Hangu Pass drew an end to the demise of Qin. From then on, between the advance and retreat, it is "chasing deer in the Central Plains" and "entering the main Guanzhong", and these eight words hide the weight of a thousand jun and bloody killing. Then go to the secret leaf of time, along the "Anshi Rebellion" in the Taolin Battle, the king Li Zicheng fierce battle to behead the Ming army Shangshu Sun Chuanting, in 1927 Feng Yuxiang Northern Expedition garrison, until May 1944, the Chinese army blocked the invasion of China Japanese army to the west of the Hanguan War, can not get around this place. Too many historical details linked to Hangu Pass need to be told, and the gains and losses of the iron-hit Xiongguan Flowing Water War all arose here. Here, it is not just a green brick tower, but also a road that really leads to the depths of time. Perhaps it has always been a road, just like the Yellow River it leans on, connecting not only one place after another, but also traceable places and places that can be moved forward, it is a three-dimensional change of time and space, and it is also the origin of future generations' imagination.
This invisible road, farther away, is far away and also far away.
There are too many exiters who have walked through the ancient road, and one person cannot fail to mention it. One day in the seventh month of the lunar calendar in 491 BC, Hangu Guan ordered Yin Xi to get up early in the morning, saw the purple qi of the East, and knew that there were strangers coming. He waited for an eighty-year-old man, LaoZi of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The old man, also known as Li Er, rode a green bull and was enthusiastically retained by his admirers to write a book, thus having the five-thousand-word Tao Te Ching. Perhaps even Hangu Guan did not expect that after experiencing thousands of battles and battles, the blood that was sealed in the deep well still flowed like magma, and it was this old man with wide eyebrows and wide ears and eyes like an abyss that blessed it. An exquisite Yellow River stone is enshrined on the side of the memorial shrine house, and the palms of thousands of visitors touch the stone and leave a layer of luster. No one has explored the age of the stone and the authenticity of the desk, only curious and sighing for Lao Tzu to complete the "unknown end" after the completion of the book.
Lament the secrets of the scattered time related to a person, a pass, and a river. Who can say that any ordinary and small life will not be made extraordinary by the land through which the Yellow River flows?
The Yellow River is in the north, and the uplifted earthen mound blocks the view of Hanguguan, and the sound of water comes from the silence. Guguan and Changhe both imprinted their respective on each other's bones. This big river, the slight sound, is a deafening roar. In the short time I arrived at Hangu Pass, I could intimately feel the sound of water gathering from all directions. In the sound of flowing water, there are changes in style, there is also the joy of vision, the beautiful color of the pile piles is pictured - the water after the dam is built, the swans after ecological improvement inhabit, the joy and tranquility after breaking free from poverty... Thousands of weather and curtain dramas in the Central Plains can be met along this great river.
The memories and footnotes on the river are rolled up by the waves of time. The fates of all sentient beings are very different, but the stories of the Yellow River related to them are circulating everywhere.
(Based on Shen Nian's article of the same name, with deletions)
Explain the meaning of the following dotted words.
No matter which corner you hide, the wind of history is blowing in, and the power of emotions is under the support of history, making the road to Hangu Pass become ups and downs.
Lift:
Ups and downs:
Lift: Accentuation
Ups and downs: Refers to both the rough and narrow roads of Hangu Pass and the difficulties and complicated historical stories of passing through Hangu Pass.
This question tests students' ability to understand the meaning of important words in the text.
"To lift", combined with the later analysis of the history of Hangu Pass and the military role, is the meaning of the foil here.
"Ups and downs", here the "road" is modified. Combined with "In ancient times, it was just a dirt road winding in a ravine. There are records that this once rugged, narrow, winding road ... Horses are not in harmony, people are walking among them, such as in the letter" "From the distant Spring and Autumn Warring States began to collide, until the unification of the Qin State, HanguGuan played a key role in determining victory or defeat" "A good 'patrol and dare not enter'" and other analysis, the road into Hangu Pass is rugged and narrow, with a large slope. Among them, such as entering the letter, it is very difficult to pass through the Hangu Pass. The complex historical military events behind Hangu Pass, etc.
【Question Type 2】Sentence meaning and function
Read the text below to complete the sub-questions below.
The old saying of the mountains and wilds is prosperous
Chen yao
A few years ago, the fate of Xiao Shi
Located in the folds of a large mountain at the junction of Xiang'e and Hubei, Yaojiawuchang has been singing since the establishment of the village in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and I often visited Yao's house because I studied local dramas.
Xiao Shi had sung drama, and in the Yao family's drama team, he looked the best and sang the best. In "The Empty City Plan", Xiao Shi played Zhuge Liang, sitting and playing the piano, waiting for Sima Yi to retire from the army, and his forehead was really dripping sweat. Unfortunately, due to long-term stress and his body is getting weaker and weaker, he committed suicide a few years ago. I happened to be at Yao's house. His family still lived in a dilapidated old house built in the Qing Dynasty, which was covered in mud and had salt and moss on the wall tiles. It was a rainy day in early winter, cold and wet. A thin black lacquered coffin was parked against the wall in the dilapidated hall, and there was not a single photograph of the spirit, only a few folded old clothes of cheap chemical fiber fabrics, which must have been all his property before he died. There were no relatives to mourn, only Xiao Shi's eighty or ninety-year-old father and mother, sitting in the stove room and humming and crying.
People say that Xiao Shi is good, big things and small things call him to help, and shout at will. His parents are old, and his father can't do anything with his legs. The younger brother got married and had two children while working outside the home, and the little money he earned was not easy to make ends meet. The money earned by Xiao Shi's part-time work must be pensioned at the top and two nephews must be raised below. Other families in the village have built buildings one after another, and only his family still lives in the two dilapidated houses left by his ancestors, so naturally he is not able to marry a wife under such conditions.
It is sad that a talented and kind person, not for his own reasons, cannot get rid of the doom of poverty and poverty, and even if he is eventually destroyed.
Xiao Shi's parents: "Thanks to the government!" Thank you to the government for worrying! ”
This time the government poverty alleviation solved the housing problem of Xiaoshi's parents, which made me have many feelings on the minibus to town. In recent years, the whole country has carried out a tough battle to help the poor, and the party and the government's assistance to the vast number of poor households has also been effectively implemented, and this major measure of putting people's livelihood first is a manifestation of a great era! An old farmer on the minibus said: "The current policy is really good, don't you hand in something, there is something for you." Poor households have five guarantees, no houses to live in, and villagers in the township, their lives are guaranteed, and I am happy to see it. When Daddy Xi came, I insisted on killing a chicken for him to eat. Everyone in the car laughed. In the countryside here, killing chickens and hospitality is the most sincere and solemn hospitality.
There are seven centralized resettlement houses in the town, with a total of 84 sets, different sizes and types, and the walls are covered with "permanent quality responsibility nameplates for construction projects". I found Xiao Shi's father, who was 95 years old and had been sitting and snoozing all day. His mother is in her 80s and still in good health. The new house has a spacious large balcony, four bedrooms are hung with floor-to-ceiling curtains, newly made cabinets, and the balcony is dried with small dried fish. The younger son is now brewing wine in Sichuan, and the daughter-in-law is taking care of the old and young at home. The old lady said in a loud voice, "This house is good!" Thankfully there is a government! Thank you to the government for worrying! ”
Today's Yao family house field
I then went to the Yao family house. In recent years, most of the local villagers have built new small buildings to buy private cars, warehouses are full and then know etiquette, people are increasingly filial piety and etiquette, consciously regulate their own behavior, I am so clearly feel the arrival of a beautiful era in our great motherland! The Yao family houses with more than 400 people are almost all newly built two- or three-story small buildings. The three or four old bungalows scattered here and there were almost all new ones, the walls were painted with tiles and the floors were laid, and the wooden gates were painted with new paint. Xiao Shijia's old house has collapsed, and the collapse also means the burial of life in a leaky place, and now his father's and mother's residence is as calm as a mountain. According to the village party secretary, yaojia housing farm this time concentrated on the placement of 6 poor households without housing, these families are either poor due to illness, widows and widows, or lost their labor. Decentralized resettlement of 4 poor households, decentralized resettlement, that is, the government supports most of the money to build their own houses. For the repair of old houses, the government will subsidize 8,000 yuan. The fourth father is ninety years old, the old two still live in the old house, and on this day they also asked someone to repair the foundation with cement.
Their judgment is the most accurate and authoritative
In the sunshine, these mountain old people use their personal experiences to judge different eras. Since ancient times, thousands of them have been the bearers and givers of all the successes or failures of government decrees, so their judgment is the most accurate and authoritative. The 80-year-old Ju Jiaoyu also came, and her family was only her and a mentally handicapped daughter, who was a five-guarantee household in the village. Chikusa is in good health and usually grows dishes. She smiled and said that it is really good now, the money for five guarantees per year is enough to eat and wear, and the medical expenses are all free, and I hope that the policy will always be so good.
The fourth father is ninety years old, witnessed 90 years of Chinese history, is highly respected in the village, he read more than ten years of private school when he was young, a stroke of writing is as good as the post, whoever has red and white happy events in the village asks him to preside. He said: "Today's days are just a good day, there is food, clothing, usefulness and freedom. It's just that the good days are coming and my days are running out. ”
Papa said, "Now is the best time." You are old and healthy, and you will surely live a long life. ”
The fourth father, who was blessed with a long life of 100 years, he twice, which was a laugh. He said: "There are three great prosperities in history: Han Wu, Kaiyuan, and Kangqian. Nowadays, the old have support, the young have children, the sick have medical treatment, and there is a residence, this is the prosperous world. I was lucky enough to catch up with this golden age. ”
(Selected from Hunan Online Xiangjiang Supplement, with deletions)
Combined with the whole text, talk about your understanding of the meaning and function of the dashed sentences in the text.
(1) Meaning: Xiaoshi has a talent for singing, is helpful, relies on his own efforts, sacrifices personal interests, shoulders family responsibilities, but fails to get rid of poverty until death; (2) Role: Shows the author's sympathy for Xiaoshi's tragic fate, and at the same time, reveals the urgency and necessity of poverty alleviation policies for families like Xiaoshi, which is thought-provoking.
This question tests students' ability to understand the meaning and function of sentences.
Meaning: Combined with "Xiao Shi has sung drama, the Yao family's drama team, count him dressed the best, sang the best." In "Empty City Plan", Xiao Shi played Zhuge Liang, sitting and playing the piano, waiting for Sima Yi to retire from the army, and his forehead was really dripping sweat" It can be seen that Xiao Shi dressed best in the Yao family's drama team and sang the best, which shows that Xiao Shi has a talent for singing; combined with "People say that Xiao Shi is good, big things and small things call him to help, and shout at will." His parents are old, and his father can't do anything with his legs. The younger brother got married and had two children while working outside the home, and the little money he earned was not easy to make ends meet. The money earned by Xiao Shi's part-time work must be pensioned at the top and two nephews must be raised below. Other people's families in the village have built buildings one after another, only his family still lives in the two broken houses left by his ancestors, such conditions, naturally there is no ability to marry a wife" It can be seen that Xiao Shi's others called him to help, and when he came, it can be seen that he was helpful; the money earned by Xiao Shi's part-time work, he had to retire on the top, and he had to help raise two nephews, he worked hard, sacrificed his personal interests, and shouldered family responsibilities; combined with the sentence "No matter how hard he tried, he could not get rid of the doom of poverty, and even eventually was destroyed" It can be seen that Xiao Shi was unable to get rid of poverty until his death.
Function: Combined with the sentence "Even if it is finally destroyed, it is compassionate", it can be seen that the suicide because of long-term pressure expresses the author's sympathy for the tragic fate of Xiao shi. At the same time, combined with "a talented and kind person, not for his own reasons, no matter how hard he tries, he cannot get rid of the doom of poverty", it can be seen that no matter how hard he tries, he cannot get rid of the doom of poverty, indicating the need for the help of poverty alleviation policies, revealing the urgency and necessity of poverty alleviation policies for families like Xiao shi, which is thought-provoking.
Analyzing the meaning of a sentence can be incised from the key words in the sentence, the sentence type, and the position of the sentence in the text.
The key words in the sentence are the basic connotation of the sentence, and the type of sentence and the position in the text determine the direction of the answer.
Sentences mainly include emotional sentences, philosophical sentences, rhetorical sentences, and mortise sentences. Emotional sentences should be related to the context to find the emotions expressed; philosophical sentences should grasp the central word and experience the deep meaning and pun meaning of the words; rhetorical sentences should pay attention to finding the ontology in the sentence and summarizing the ontological characteristics with metaphorical features; and the mortise sentences should pay attention to the content of the context at the same time.
At the beginning and end of the article, the sentence should consider the main idea of the article, and the sentence should consider the relationship with the context in the middle of the article.
Father's long river
Zhong Qiushi
The father's memory loss began around the age of 71.
It happened to be a weekend, I took him to the seafood restaurant, celebrated his birthday, and just entered the box, my eyes suddenly froze, because at this time I noticed the strange appearance on my father's face - his upper lip was only half shaved with half of his beard, and the left and right sides looked "clear". I kind of wanted to laugh, held back, and opened the phone mirror for my father to see. The father was embarrassed to touch the remaining beard on the right side, and then the box became somewhat comedic.
In the midst of the laughter, neither of us realized that our father had touched the disease that was a little vain. Because before this, my father had nothing to be uneasy about, and his body basically did not need any "repair" except for the annual inspection. As long as he follows the days, his father's aging is slow and orderly, and he will happily blow out the candles on the cake year after year.
However, the father sitting in front of the cake at this time is different. His life was quietly taking a turn.
Some days after my father's birthday, my father's bad situation was like a stone in a pool, and as soon as the water receded, it was revealed one after another.
For example, once he asked the security guard to call his eldest sister and said that he could not enter the door if he lost the key. The eldest sister rushed over before she could wipe her sweat, but she found that the key was inserted in the door lock. A few days later, the sisters were surprised to find that my father went to the market to buy meat and vegetables, and bought them one round and one turn and one time. The sisters were not calm, solemnly made an appointment with me, and the three of them unanimously decided to go to the hospital.
In the hospital, after prescribing some medicines, the doctor instructed his father: "Old comrade, you can learn to play cards and learn to play chess, you can also write and learn calligraphy." My father said, "I am a retired cadre, and I want to learn calligraphy." The doctor nodded and said, "If you learn your calligraphy well, your memory will be better." ”
That afternoon, I bought pen and ink paper and writing stickers and came back. I was afraid that after a long time, my father would forget the doctor's words.
After dinner, my father was led by me to the study table. He picked up the brush and was a little stunned, as if he didn't know what to write. But soon the tip of the pen fell, forming a line of characters, Wu Zhishui, Kuncheng North Central Primary School.
I have a judgment that the things stored in my father's brain are gradually decreasing, but some of the memories he protects hard, such as Kuncheng.
I can even feel that my father now has a river boat in his head, slowly sailing to Kuncheng many years ago.
The words my father wrote were getting more and more visible, but the number was getting less and less. At the same time, the family gradually became strange in his eyes, he first could not remember the name of the little sister, and soon lost the name of the big sister. Now, I am the only one who can hold the forgotten position. After some more days, his father's calligraphy could not continue, and the writing finally became something that he could not grasp in his eyes. But his father was also a stubborn man, his brush did not stop, on the rice paper began the "freedom" homework he only wrote eight words: Kuncheng North Central Primary School.
On this day, he went home to eat with his father, who took a serious bite, raised his head and said, "Thank you teacher." I thought I heard it wrong and asked, "What are you talking about?" The father said, "I'm hungry, thank you teacher for giving me food." "Oh, I see, father is back in the school of his childhood. I said, "I'm your son." The father looked at me and said, "You told my son to come back early for dinner, the dish is almost cold." ”
For the rest of the night, my father and I were silently silent. Later, when I lay down on the bed, I couldn't find sleep for a while.
I thought in frustration that I stayed with my father every day, but I could only watch him walk away day by day.
When I got up the next day, I went to the bathroom and saw my father standing in front of the mirror with his hands hanging down. I thought my father had forgotten what to do, and I was just about to say a reminder when I heard my father say, "Who is this man?" I was stunned and said, "This person is you!" Father shook his head and said, "Not me." I said, "Of course it's you, it's Wu Zhishui." The father said, "Wu Zhishui is not here, Wu Zhishui has gone to Kuncheng, and Wu Zhishui has gone to the academy." ”
After ten days or so, I chose a weekend and decided to take my father to Kuncheng alone, and I wanted to concentrate on accompanying my father alone and giving my father some happiness.
That day, we headed straight to our destination and the car stopped in front of an elementary school. I noticed that the school changed its name, called Experimental Primary School, we went to the side of the school gate, and suddenly there was another school gate in front of us, which was a newly built brick school gate, and there was a line above the gate: Kuncheng North Central Primary School. Everyone stopped and stood there watching. I asked Zeng Zong to turn his head and whispered, "The principal gave me an old photo, which I copied and made, just finished, please include more." I nodded gratefully, and the eyes had been given to the father next to me. Father stared silently at the school door, his face seemed to wake up a little—needless to say, the scene of many years ago was moving closer to him again, and his memory was being refreshed.
Sure enough, a long-lost joy appeared on his face.
In hindsight, what I did for my father may have been outrageous and exaggerated. But in any case, this is a filial piety with a strong quality, as long as my father gets a little happiness in his memory in kuncheng, I can praise myself.
But the problem is, it's not over.
In the evening, we stayed in the best hotel in Queenson, next to the water park.
When I woke up the next day, I glanced at the bed next to me, the quilt was empty, and I looked around and found nowhere.
I hurried to the waiter in the hall, and he said, "It seems that a tall thin old gentleman has just gone out." ”
At this moment, I noticed that not far to the right was the park, where the stone bridge was looming. I shuddered, and a bad thought jumped out. I hurried to the park, rushing to the river first, and heard two caretaker-like men talking anxiously, as if there were originally eight small boats, and now there were only seven.
I stood there still for a few seconds, lifting my body and running along the river path. I didn't believe my father had the ability to take away a small boat, but a strong sense of foreboding still pushed me.
Finally, i noticed that a small boat appeared on the river in front of me, and there was a figure on the boat. I took a breath and ran for tens of meters, and the sitting figure finally became a father. In the distance, the father was sitting upright, his face still seemed serious, and his two hands were actively rowing the oars. The river merges into the long river here, and I stopped there panting, a little short of breath. At this time, the boat was quietly entering the long river and moving in the direction of the north. Getting farther and farther away from where I stood. I put up my horn with both hands and shouted at the river.
The sun had just risen, and the pale yellow light spread over the water and shone on the boat. Father's body became a shaking bright spot in the light, as if it existed, and as if it did not exist.
I straightened my neck and tried to shout again, but my throat choked and tears came out of my eyes.
Please combine the whole text to understand the meaning of the horizontal line sentence "The father's body becomes the bright spot of movement in the light, as if it exists, and it seems to not exist".
(1) At this moment, the father sits upright and upright, showing the stubbornness and strength of life, and will always "exist" in the heart of "me". (2) The boat driven by the father is getting farther and farther away from the "me", indicating that the father will eventually leave the "me", just like the bright spot of the shaking will "not exist". (The meaning is correct.) ）
This question tests students' ability to understand the meaning of important sentences in a work.
Before writing "the father sat upright, the face still seems to be serious, but the two hands are actively rowing the oars", at this moment the father's state shows the stubbornness and strength of life, even if it is amnesia, the hard work of life is still there, which will always "exist" in the heart of "me".
The boat driven by the father is getting farther and farther away from the "me", indicating that the father will eventually leave the "me", taking care of the aforementioned "the things stored in the father's brain are gradually decreasing... The words written by the father are becoming more and more visible, but the number is getting less and less", just as the father will eventually not exist, just as the bright spots of the shaking will "not exist". This description is full of "I" heartache and helplessness.
Father-son battle
Yu Hua
My earliest punishment for my son was to raise his voice, when he was not yet two years old, and when he realized that I was not talking, but shouting, he knew he was in a disadvantageous position, so he opened his frightened eyes and watched my further behavior carefully.
When he was two years old, my shouting gradually lost its effect, and he was at most frightened and then nothing happened. I began to increase the penalty chips and carried him into the bathroom, the small space made him afraid, he would cry in the bathroom "wow" and then keep admitting mistakes.
This punishment didn't last long, and he got used to the bathroom environment, and instead of crying, he sang in it, and he tried hard to send me the signal that I was happy here.
Then I had to carry him outside the house, and when the door was suddenly closed, he found that the space he was facing was not too small, but too big, and he reawakened his panic, and he reacted like he had just entered the bathroom, crying.
But as the number of times he was carried outside the house increased, his cries disappeared, and he learned how to sit quietly on the stairs, which made me panic.
His silence made me unaware of what was going on outside, and I began to fear that something was going to happen to him, so I had to immediately terminate my punishment and open the door to ask him to come back. When my son was nearly four years old, he knew he had rebelled. A few times I had just carried him outside the door, and when he got off the ground, he ran back to the house at incredible speed and closed the door.
He locked me out of the house. Now, he is five years old, and after my punishment of him is exhausted, I can only start the most primitive procedure and beat him. Just yesterday, when he realized I might punish him, he walked around the room like a little scoundrel, shouting, "Daddy, I'm waiting for you to beat me!" ”
I noticed that my son now deals with me much like my own father when I was a kid. The son always learns how to deal with the father more effectively, so that the father feels more and more helpless; let the father realize that his victory is actually short-lived, and the failure is lasting; the process of the son breaking the father's punishment is actually disintegrating the father's authority.
Life is like war, even between father and son. When the son grows up, the father-son war is likely to end. But another war has begun, and the son who becomes a father will taste the constant failures of fatherhood, and it is a long failure.
I don't know how I fought my father before I was five years old, and my memory omits all the battles of that time. I remember the earliest success story of pretending to be sick, when I was in elementary school, and I realized the wonderful relationship between my father and me, which meant that my father was my relative, and even if I hurt heaven and earth, he would not kill me.
My earliest pretense of illness began with a stupid idea, and now that I have forgotten what exactly prompted me to pretend to be ill, all I can remember is that I pretended to have a fever and told my father that his first reaction after hearing my statement about my illness— almost without hesitation— was to put his hand over and put it on my forehead. It was then that I remembered that I had made a fatal mistake, that I had forgotten that my father was a doctor, and that I was finished, and that I would not only not be able to escape the previous punishment, but would also face a new punishment.
Luckily, I got through it, and when my father's discerning hand realized that I was not sick, he did not think whether I was cheating on him, but expressed great dissatisfaction with my inactivity all day. He scolded me angrily, warning me not to sit or lie down at home all day, but to go outside and run, even if it was to bask in the sun. Then he made it clear to me that I was not sick at all, that I was sick because I didn't like to be active, and then he told me to go out and do whatever I liked, and come back in two hours.
My father's anger was suddenly diverted by the concern for my body, causing him to forget the mistakeS I had just made and the punishment he was carrying, and suddenly gave me a final decision of acquittal. I fled at once, and then stood my ground in a far safe place, sweating profusely about the yin and yang mistakes I had just made, and the result of my thinking was that no matter what critical situation arose in the future, I could not pretend to have a fever.
My trick of pretending to be sick gradually intensified, and later instead of trying to escape my father's punishment, I began to get rid of housework such as sweeping the floor or mopping the floor. Once I was self-defeating, when I claimed that my stomach hurt, my father's hand touched my right lower abdomen, he asked me if it was this place, I kept nodding, and then my father asked me if my chest hurt first, I still nodded, and then my father asked me exactly according to the symptoms of appendicitis, and I always nodded.
In fact, at that time, I couldn't figure out whether it was real pain or fake pain, but I felt that where my father's powerful hand pressed down, it hurt. Then, on the night of the day, I lay down on the operating table of the hospital, and two nurses tied my hands and feet to the operating table.
Just like that, my appendix was cut off.
Many years later, I asked my father if the appendix he saw when he opened my stomach should be cut off. My father told me I should cut it off because my appendix was a little red and swollen at the time.
I wondered what "a little redness" meant, and although my father admitted that taking medicine could cure this "a little redness", he insisted that surgery was the most correct solution. Because for surgeons of that era, not only should the "slightly red and swollen" appendix be cut off, but even the completely healthy appendix should not be retained. I don't think it's the same as my father's, and I think it's the result of self-inflicted wounds.
(Excerpt from Young Writers)
Please briefly analyze the meaning of the line-drawn sentence in the text.
(1) The image of a father who has always lost in the battle between father and son can only be truly realized when he becomes the son of the father; (2) the way of thinking between the two generations is very different, and the growth and resistance of the son under the father's tyranny causes the father to become a loser; (3) the father is always the image of the loser in the father-son war because he loves his son forever.
This question tests students' ability to appreciate the rich meaning of important sentences.
From the structural point of view, "the son who becomes a father will taste the constant failure as a father, and it is a long failure" is located in the transitional paragraph of the article, the previous article writes "I" and the son's "war", the latter writes "I" and "father" war, here "son" and "father" have dual identities.
From the perspective of expression, "The son who becomes a father will taste the continuous failure as a father, and it is a long failure" This is an argumentative sentence, a summary and reflection after the "war" between "I" and the son continues to deepen and always fails.
"The son who became the father" here is the transformation of the identity role of "father" and "son", "the father's continuous failure" pointed out that in the father-son war, the father is always defeated, "the son who becomes the father will taste the continuous failure as a father" Emphasizes that the son can truly experience the failure as a father when he becomes a father.
"And it's a long failure" points out that in the father-son war, the "father" is always the image of the loser. As can be seen from the war between "I" and "son" in the previous article and the war between "I" and "father" in the following text, the father and son are mainly due to different ways of thinking, and the father always handles the relationship with the son by means of dictatorship, resulting in the son rebelling and rebelling, and finally can only end in the failure of the "father".
"The father's continuous failure" and "it is a long failure" reveals another reason why the father and son always fail, that is, the father disciplines the son is the way to love the son, because loving his son naturally leads to compromise and concession to the son, so in the father-son war, the father is always in the position of a loser.
【Question Type 3】Appreciate sentences and passages
vehement
Zhang Yu
(1) The river is the source of life and gives birth to all things. It takes shape with encounters, with a variety of postures, releasing life vitality in rushing, roundabout, frozen, and ice release. Its vitality has the silence of winding mountains, the hidden forbearance of sideways detours, sometimes the opening of bows and arrows ready to fire, and sometimes the dazzling dance of water and stone hitting the splashing waves.
(2) Water, also static and moving. Quiet as a virgin, moving like a rabbit. I have witnessed Kanas Lake in the morning light, the lake surface is quiet, like a turquoise gem set in the mountains, but also like sleeping beauty lying quietly in the mountains, which is the tranquility of the water. And in July, it rains, the water of the Minjiang River rises suddenly, the water is turbid, black and brown, and the river is turbulent, like a wild horse that has lost its reins. At this time, I like to go to the river to compete with my brother in stone rafting. The rush of water, and the passage and jumping of stones on the tip of the waves, is the agitation of water.
(3) A friend who has been to the Tiger Leaping Gorge of the Jinsha River said to me: "If you want to appreciate the ultimate interpretation of the passion of water and feel the excitement of the water life force, the only way is to get close to the Tiger Leaping Gorge." "I think that this Tiger Leaping Gorge will probably have the magnificence of Li Bai's "flying down three thousand feet, suspected to be the Milky Way falling for nine days", friends say that the Jinsha River Tiger Leaping Gorge rapids, because of the unique magnificent and majestic terrain and magical and magnificent border scenery and distinctive characteristics. Its riverbed is suddenly narrow, the river surface is sharply reduced from 200 meters to more than 20 meters, the river whirlpool is dark, the waves are turbulent, and the waves are splashing, so it has the reputation of "the first gorge in the East".
(4) Today, I finally approached the Jinsha River Tiger Leaping Gorge.
(5) Located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Yunnan, the Tiger Leaping Gorge is only separated from the ancient city of Lijiang by Yulong Mountain. According to records, the canyon is nearly 3900 meters deep, the drop is 220 meters, and the narrowest point is only about 20 meters. The Haba Snow Mountain in Shangri-La on the left bank and the Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang on the right bank are sandwiched between the two mountains, with twin peaks and cliffs in the sky. Crossing it is the Jinsha River. A mottled green boulder lying across the river is the "Tiger Jumping Stone".
(6) The ancient name of this "Tiger Jumping Stone" comes from a legend. Legend has it that the tiger descended the mountain and jumped in the air with the power of this stone. Witnessing such an agitated river, I wondered if a tiger could really jump over it. Another legend holds that this boulder represents a force that stands in the way of love. I like this even more moving legend: there was a girl named Jinsha who grew up and her parents wanted to marry her to someone else, and her crush was the Prince of Donghae. On the day of her marriage, Jinsha snatched the door and fled, and her mother rushed to send her brothers Haba and Jade Dragon to chase after her. In the end, the two brothers failed to stop the golden sands, and they became two snowy mountains of Haba and Yulong, and the canyon between the two mountains became the "Tiger Leaping Gorge". The path of the Golden Sand Girl wading through the mountains and rivers became the Jinsha River, and the demons and ghosts encountered on the way became the stubborn stones in the tiger leaping gorge. The sparkling waves splashed by the water lapping at the boulder symbolized the courageous and fearless spirit of the Sands Girl for love.
(7) You see, the waves crashing on the rocks, the turbid waves tumbling, rolling up a thousand layers of snow, and the thousands of waves on the river surface you squeeze me and crash, scrambling to take off. The color of the waves, thick like beige coral, pale white like snowflakes. The waves are full of afterglow of the sunset and crystal clear. The blue sky and white clouds have become the most beautiful background stage for the waves. The scene was like "The giant spirit can't split, and the river breaks through the mountain." Rainless clouds are often wet, like thunderclaps. Falling waves and earth scrolls, flying waterfalls shake the sky" (Qing Dynasty poet Mu Zhengyuan). The rapids impacted my vision and shook my soul, the blood in my body was stirred by the rushing of the river, the eardrums vibrated by the roar of the river, and the heart danced with the soaring waves. I grabbed the camera, fixed the vitality of the water, and felt the spiritual charm of the water. At that time, I deeply experienced the majestic momentum of the Tiger Leaping Gorge depicted by my friend, and my heart was full of the shock brought by the river.
(8) I think: If a lonely soul, or a depressed heart, faces this thunderous sound, this earth-shattering excitement, the heat hidden in his life will certainly be stimulated, and he will revel in the magnificence of this natural world and the vitality of human life.
(9) I slowly left the waterfront, the sound of the waves of the Jinsha River Tiger Jumping Gorge, still echoing in the ear drums, its agitated vitality into my spirit and soul, I think that the water has a migratory soul, it interprets my life experience with agitated feelings and ups and downs. It is always tireless in its search and running, indulging in the life force with its most sexual and beautiful feelings. It is like a wild galloping horse, leading our love of life. I deeply feel that the sound of this agitated wave has opened up a beautiful vision of the world to recognize and perceive.
(With deletions)
Appreciate the line-drawing sentence in paragraph (7) of the article from a rhetorical point of view.
(1) Use anthropomorphic techniques to describe the waves and write about the vitality and vitality of the waves; (2) Use metaphors to vividly write out the different colors of the waves; (3) Use metaphors to compare the blue sky and white clouds to the background stage, and write the beauty of the waves under the blue sky and white clouds.
This question tests students' ability to appreciate the wonderful art of verbal expression.
Draw the line sentence "The thousands of waves on the river surface you squeeze me and crash, scrambling to take off." The color of the waves, thick like beige coral, pale white like snowflakes. The waves are full of afterglow of the sunset and crystal clear. Blue sky and white clouds have become the most beautiful background stage of the waves", "you squeeze me to collide", "scramble" use anthropomorphic techniques to describe the waves, and write the vitality and vitality of the waves;
"Thick like beige coral" and "pale as a snowflake" use metaphors to compare the colorful waves to beige corals, the light colors of the waves to snowflakes, vividly writing out the colors of the waves are different;
"The blue sky and white clouds become the most beautiful background stage of the waves", using metaphors, the blue sky and white clouds are compared to the background stage, and the waves are written as if they are dancing the most beautiful dance against the background of the blue sky and white clouds, and the whole picture color is fresh and beautiful, rich in pictorial beauty.
(1) Start with sentence forms. The expression effects of several common sentence patterns are: (1) question sentences, attracting readers and creating suspense; (2) setting question sentences to remind attention and trigger thinking; (3) rhetorical question sentences, strengthening the tone; (4) exclamation sentences, lyrical strong. Also pay attention to the different effects of long and short sentences, long sentences, logical rigor; short sentences, flexible sentences, rhythmic, oral characteristics, etc.
(2) Start from a rhetorical point of view. Master the expression effect of several common rhetorical techniques: (1) metaphor, anthropomorphism, making things vivid, image, and concrete; (2) exaggeration, setting off the atmosphere, enhancing associations, and giving people inspiration; (3) duality, neat sentence style, ideographic condensation; (4) ranking sentences, strengthening the tone, emphasizing content, and emphasizing feelings; (5) repetition, rich in musical beauty, highlighting a certain feeling. Answer mode: Apply... The rhetorical technique that was written out... characteristics that express the author... Thoughts and feelings.
(3) Start from the perspective of wording. Answer mode: "..." The word "..." (etc.), written out... Features or content that express the author... Thoughts and feelings.
(4) Start with the way of expression. The expression and function commonly used in prose: (1) Discussion, pointing out the meaning of the event or the main purpose of the article, playing the effect of dominating the whole article and finishing the picture. (2) Lyrical, can make the article infectious; (3) description, can make people, scenes, objects reproduced vividly, so that the article more vivid image. (4) Narration can enable readers to have a clear understanding of the development and overall situation of character activities and events. Answer mode: Applied to... the way of expression, pointing out (writing, expressing or confessing)...
Lake of Thought
Fan Xiaoqing
At that time, the people of Dazhai had to split the mountain, create fields, and plant grain, which was a miracle and a myth. This myth is earth-shattering, so the people of the whole country learn from them and turn a place that is not originally a field into a field. At that time, I joined the team in the Taihu Lake area and caught up with the reclamation of the lake and many large and small water conservancy projects. Although these projects are different, the general direction is the same, that is, the river that has flowed for thousands of years is filled in, dug, dug, and filled. In a word, we must multiply rice, hit more grain, and toss people and horses. I can still read many things about "fighting on the construction site" in my diaries. I wrote in my diary: "On the last day of 1974, in the morning, the rain and wind were fierce, and I insisted on fighting on the construction site with the poor and lower middle peasants. It was really a storm that added to the pride of the battle, and the heavier the rain, the harder we worked, and the sweat of the rain soaked our clothes and soaked our hearts. ”
At that time, in the water villages and rural areas, every winter and spring, there were construction sites everywhere, and every production team had to send young and strong laborers to the construction site to fill in the lakes and rivers, and as soon as the red flag was planted, it would be done. At night, I slept in a bunk, a large grass hut where men and women lived. The leaders at higher levels have repeatedly stressed the great significance of encircling the lake and creating fields, and we may not think so much about the significance when we work, but only know that we have to work, and only know that the lake is to be filled. Because the lake is filled, the lake becomes a field, and next year it will grow grain, how good, there is grain in the hand, the heart is not panicked, at that time they all thought so, even if it was a thought.
Later, there was a change in thinking, not to talk about how important grain is, to talk about the importance of economic development, and to talk about the importance of diversified operations, but it is still necessary to take the lake as the capital, still start a hand at the lake, open kilns around the lake, raise fish around the lake, and do many other things around the lake. Because the lake is there, so big, it can't talk, it can't lose its temper, and you have to do something with it, you just do it. Everyone's wallets gradually bulged, rejoicing, saying, reform, opening up, our minds have been emancipated, our income has increased, it is really relying on mountains to eat mountains and water to rely on water.
Later, the progressive idea of no work and no wealth came again, and many factories, chemical factories, paper mills, leather factories, what to make money to build, what to build. Eat the lake by the lake, eat into the clean lake water, spit out is poisonous sludge turbid water. There's, of course, another opening in between, and out of that mouth is the number of exciting economic growth.
Later, the money seems to be more and more, and there are more conditions to pay attention to people-oriented and attach importance to the living environment. The high-rise buildings in the city are not addictive, boring, what is the most suitable place for human habitation? Of course, it is between the lake and the mountains, so there are villas by the lake, there are lakeside communities looking at the lake garden, etc., and people proudly say that my family lives on the lakeside.
This is how the lake bears silently in the thoughts and actions of man. Does the lake really not speak? The lake has long been talking, the lake has been losing its temper, but we can't hear, can't see, our ears are blocked, our eyes are also covered, not only the ears, eyes, nose and tongue, where is our soul? People really know how to think, as soon as people have thoughts, the lake is painful, and when the lake is painful, it is the time when people are proud. When we pride the lake for me to use, do we hear the idea of the lake?
Many years later, I have already left the countryside, but I know that now everyone has begun to dig out the filled lake again, invite the fish, shrimp and crabs in, close the factory, invite the luxurious house to a kilometer away from the lake, you look at it from a distance, you are too close, the lake is afraid. But in any case, it is good to return farmland to kilns and fishing, and the lake is no longer the original lake. Experts said that in order to control Taihu Lake and return its water quality to the level of the 50s and 60s, the investment required by the people of the whole country is not enough for the people of the whole country to bite their teeth and dry three or five years of reform and opening up for twenty years.
We used to love labor so much, and labor sweetened our hearts, but we did not think that our labor was not creation but a cruel destruction. We used to thank us for creating wealth, and when one day we found that the landscape was not so beautiful, we were stunned, and quickly took out the money we earned and exchanged it for the original good mountains and water. In this way, we can be proud again, we have paid the price to make progress, we put the ecological balance on our lips every day, we no longer build fields around the lake, we no longer raise fish around the lake, and lo and behold, our ideological realm has improved again. But what we do today is still for our thoughts, and in our eyes, there is still no lake.
Can't take the lake as the basis, where is the people-oriented? People who cannot be grounded on the earth, what qualifications and conditions do people who live on the earth have to talk about people and talk about the book? Today we have worked hard again, but I don't know which day, it is likely that we will try harder again to retreat from what is still something, because we will always think only of our thoughts, we have never thought about the lake, we do not know what the lake is thinking.
When will the human mind come together with the lake's thought?
Appreciate the sentences in the text that draw horizontal lines.
The use of anthropomorphic rhetoric to personify the lake, narrow the distance with the lake, facilitate the exchange of thoughts and emotions; use three questions; from shallow to deep, strengthen the momentum of language, highlight the criticism of people's numb soul.
This question tests students' ability to experience the rich meaning of important sentences and taste the wonderful art of language expression.
In this sentence, the author uses three questions, "Does the lake really not speak?" is a question, the author asks himself and answers himself, pointing out that people are blinded by immediate interests and have not heard the lake's accusations at all. "Where has our mind gone again" and "Have we heard the lake's thoughts?" are rhetorical questions, through which we point out man's wrong practices. The three questions are deeply layered, enhancing the tone and criticizing people's erroneous thinking.
"The lake has long been talking, the lake has been losing its temper" "As soon as people have thoughts, the lake is painful" and so on, they use anthropomorphic techniques to personify the lake, give the lake people feelings, and treat the lake as an equal subject, so as to narrow the distance with the lake, facilitate the exchange of thoughts and emotions, and make the author's lyricism and reasoning more intimate and touching.
Read the text below to complete the question.
Wait for the acacia flowers to bloom
Brocade
There was an old locust tree outside the window, and every morning I was pulling back the curtains and looking at it. In this mid-spring season, it is still subtle. The black skin, wrapped in a soul that can withstand loneliness, I can't find a trace of green between its branches. I don't even know when she will quietly give me a tree to blossom.
But even if the flowers are full of branches, who will share the fragrant aroma with me? Who would pick me a bunch of flowers with dewdrops to make a fragrant locust cake? Who would still stand in the afternoon full of locust flowers waiting for my footsteps? No more- the blue clothes, the hunched back, the kind eyes, the sparse white hair...
One year, the river outside the village suddenly rose after a night of torrential rain. The river churned, stirring up muddy sediment, occasionally flying down several wheat straw stacks in the rapids from upstream, and sometimes floating in the whirlpool, sometimes sinking and rushing downstream. On the shore, a seven-year-old girl, holding a stout poplar tree, looked anxiously at the other side of the river. She wore pigtails, a purple-red blouse, blue shorts, and a pink and white lace school bag. She muttered, "How do I—I—go to school?" She seemed to hear the sound of bells ringing from the campus deep in the poplar woods on the other side of the river. The little girl was anxious, tears pouring down her cheeks. But the momentum of the river did not diminish at all, and the splashes of water were like wild laughter. The little girl crouched down, picked up one stone after another and threw it into the river, eager to fill it. The angrier she became, the tighter her lips bit, the more tears welled up, until a pair of powerful hands pulled her up and carried her on her shoulders.
Grandpa comforted me as he hurried down the yellow dirt road. "Little Swallow doesn't cry, Grandpa carries you around the Yangzhuang Bridge."
"Grandpa is too far away, let's go around in a big circle!" The teacher said that when it rains heavily and you can't cross the river, you can not go to school! ”
"Don't go? You're crying! As long as Xiaoyanzi is happy, Grandpa is not afraid of far away! I don't want you to be a deserter!" ”
"Ha-ha-ha—"
On the banks of the river, there is not a decent road. However, after the rain, there will often be an old man carrying a young man on his back. The old man's trouser pipe is always pulled up high, the sound of fluttering and fluttering can be heard in the water shoes, and the mud spots splashing behind him are accompanied by the child's laughter, flying into yellow flowers. They waded through shallow puddles, climbed over high dikes, walked past dense sorghum fields... In this way, Grandpa carried me for five summers. I lay on your back and walked out of the threshold of elementary school, and at the same time gradually stepped out of your sight—to the town for junior high school.
I would go to my grandfather's house on Sundays or winter or summer. We played games together: running to the Lion Mountain to catch grasshoppers, playing dates on the southeast ridge, catching small fish in the river outside the village. We worked together: to plant peanuts on the "Ladyhead" ridge, to break corn in the "ten acres" of land, and to harvest sorghum in "Clear Water Bay". I can't forget the locust flower cake you hit in the spring, the small dough fan you shake in the summer, the sweet pomegranate you picked in the autumn, the thick cotton jacket you sent in the winter...
It wasn't until the May Day holiday in 2006 that I came back to visit you! It was the time when the locust flowers were in full bloom in my hometown, and the country roads were filled with a sweet and greasy smell. Everywhere there was a tree of milky white locust flowers. Bees flutter among the bunches of flowers, and butterflies frolic among the fields that have emerged from the ears of wheat. My mother and I walked arm in arm on the land where I ran as a child. In the distance I saw you: standing outside the peach orchard, under the old locust tree by the fence, wearing a dark blue short-sleeved shirt, blue pants, and green-breasted cloth shoes, looking up at the path I was going back to. The back was hunched over, and the hair was thin and gray. But it was the most beautiful picture in my heart, fixed on the curtain of my soul.
But why is the wind together, this picture is gradually blurred, blurred, blurred in the scattered locust flowers... I try to grasp your rough and calloused hands, but sometimes it prunes the branches in the peach grove, sometimes grips the handle of the pickaxe, sometimes caresses the forehead of the children and grandchildren... Can't catch it! That hand could no longer lift my crying shoulders, hold my smiling face, lift my bag away from home...
When the locust flowers were gone, an old man who died at the age of seventy-three also quietly left. The people he loved during his lifetime attended his funeral. I wanted to cry loudly, but they were sobbing quietly. How can I bear to uncover their scars and make them bleed again? I walked to the end of the line of relatives in mourning clothes, and I covered my face with the hijab of the mourning clothes and let the tears drip on the hem of my clothes. Mu ran desperately to his grandfather's graveyard. It's in a cornfield. Green corn trees more than one meter high, woven into a blue drapery covered outside your grave, about ten meters east of the grave is a peach tree garden, about a kilometer north of the grave is the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, more than three hundred meters south of the grave is his village.
I think this cemetery is very much in line with his wishes. Because he loves to be busy in the peach forest, he can have the fragrance of peach blossoms in the spring, the grasshoppers chirping on the top of the corn trees in the summer, the late peaches hanging on the branches in the autumn, and the smoke in the village in the winter... More importantly, you can watch the traffic on the highway, will not be lonely, will not be lonely!
That's our best difference. A locust tree, emitting dotted buds, blossoms in bunches of flowers, sprinkles thick shade, leaving behind thick branches. Year after year, the tree grows. Whew, a gust of wind... The blue clothes, stained with locust petals, like white butterflies resting there, accompanied by your kind smile, embedded in my eternal dreams.
Only I was left, standing alone under the old locust tree, year after year, waiting for the locust blossoms to bloom!
Please appreciate the line-drawing sentences in the text.
Using anthropomorphic techniques, he wrote the beautiful scenery around grandpa's house during the blooming season of locust flowers, showing the author's joy when he returned to his hometown to visit his grandfather during the holidays; leading to the aging image of grandpa "his back has been hunched, and his hair is thin and gray", which also contrasts with the aging and departure of grandpa below.
When answering this question, it is necessary to analyze the specific stylistic characteristics of the sentence, and it is even more necessary to explore the emotional attitude of the author expressed in it and reveal its expression effect.
"Butterflies frolicking in fields that have sprung out of ears of wheat", writing butterflies frolicking, using anthropomorphic techniques. I wrote scenes such as "locust flowers blooming", "a tree milky white locust flowers", "flying bees", "playful butterflies", etc., which were the scenes that "I" saw when I came back to visit my grandfather, and the beautiful scenery around my grandfather's house was written in order to express the joy of my hometown to visit my grandfather.
Structurally, the following description of the image of the grandfather, such as "the back has been hunched, the hair is thin and gray", and the later text "The hand can no longer pull up my crying shoulders, hold up my smiling face, lift my bag away from home..." "When the locust flowers are gone, an old man who died at the age of seventy-three also quietly left" is contrasted. Strong contrast, highlighting the author's feelings.
【Question Type 4】Appreciation Techniques
respect
Bu Zhiming
Nearly sixty years old, the eyes are not easy to remember the sexual deterioration is the "standard".
The marker pen in the store department has long been used up, and the old grandson who sells hardware only says that he wants to buy it, and always forgets. Every time I want to use it, I always think about it, and I always say that I will buy it back the next time I enter the supermarket. Every day into the supermarket to buy vegetables to buy breakfast, is not to see the purchase of marker pen back.
Every time I watch my grandson finish something from his canvas pocket like he did, my husband would always ask, "What about the pen?" ”
"Okay, forgot again."
The husband said: "It seems that you still have to run a special trip." ”
There is no marker pen, and the price of some goods is easy to string. Expensive sells cheap, cheap sells expensive. With a thin pen, the eyes can't see clearly.
Today on the supermarket, Lao Sun kept chanting in his heart: marker pen, marker pen...
The two markers were in her hands, but she pressed them in the palm of her left hand, obscured by a large mobile phone, and carried a few bags of snacks in her right hand.
When making the payment, she returned the QR code of her mobile phone to the cashier. The cashier held a scanner in his hand, and with a bang, the money was swiped away. But two markers were missed, two dollars.
The alarm bell did not ring when Lao Sun passed through the security door at the door. When I left the supermarket, I put my mobile phone and marker in the canvas pocket in front of the car and rode away on my bicycle, feeling nothing at all.
Back at home, the old grandson finished cleaning up his things. My husband said, "I finally bought the marker pen back." ”
Lao Sun then remembered that the marker pen did not seem to pay. She hurriedly took out a small ticket and compared it, and sure enough, it was not. Old Sun shouted, "It's over, it's over, I'm a thief again." ”
How to say "be it again"?
The last time was at another supermarket, Lao Sun and her husband bought "Dabao Moisturizer". I have already taken the moisturizer in my hand, and when I see that other goods are to be taken, I put the moisturizer into a sandwich pocket in the cloth bag to prevent it from being pressed.
At this time, a salesman had already set his eyes on Lao Sun, suspecting that she was a thief and waiting to catch the stolen goods.
When paying, the moisturizer forgot to pull it out, forming a de facto "theft".
Lao Sun defended: "It is my poor memory, not a thief." ”
The supermarket manager said: "We only recognize the facts, not the objective reasons." ”
"I'm also a boss, will I be a thief for these ten dollars?"
"Maybe there are billionaires who like to drive luxury cars down the fields to steal vegetables?"
It seems that there is no clarity with this supermarket. Lao Sun could only accept a ten-fold fine from the supermarket. More than a hundred yuan, buried the first single for memory. Since then, Lao Sun has never come to this supermarket again.
In order to avoid mistakes, Lao Sun no longer brings his own bag when he enters the supermarket, and uses plastic bags in the supermarket.
Unexpectedly, something went wrong. The last incident hit Lao Sun a little, and the memory is still fresh. "What to do?"
The husband said: "Since the supermarket did not find it, forget it, but it is only two dollars." ”
"For these two dollars, I have the reputation of a thief, and my heart is not comfortable!"
"So what do you want?"
"I want to go back."
"If people look through the video and the evidence is solid, you really become a thief." Self-casting net, but also to accept ten times the fine? ”
"The fine must also be returned, which is the basis of being a human being."
In order to be at ease and afraid of forgetting, Lao Sun immediately picked up the marker pen and returned to the supermarket.
Still the cashier.
Lao Sun handed over a small ticket and a marker pen, "Girl, these two pens confiscate money." I'm here to make up for it. ”
The cashier checked it out and found an error. The cashier operated on the computer, picked up the bar code gun and pointed it at the payment code on Lao Sun's mobile phone, and the blue light flashed and paid the money.
Lao Sun thought that the cashier was afraid of the manager's accountability and quietly handled it with her. She asked, "Is it all right?" ”
The cashier replied, "It's all right." ”
"If your manager looks through the video, you won't be held responsible, will you?"
"No, it's a small thing. This happens every day. Nowadays, most of the elderly people who visit the supermarket are inevitably people with bad memories, and what they forget is some small things. There are also many like you, who come to make up after remembering. ”
"Oh... You're going to do business, you're going to do business! "It seems that among the old people, there is not only one old grandson who has a bad memory.
In this way, Lao Sun relaxed a lot, and his heart did not leave a mark. At the very least, the supermarket knows how to respect the elderly and has established a good reputation.
Whether it is spiritual or economic, respect is an asset. There's a reason this supermarket is booming.
After that, lao Sun bought something, and he ran to this supermarket specifically, and did not go anywhere else.
Contrast is a commonly used expression method in literary creation. The use of this technique is conducive to fully displaying the contradictions of things, highlighting the essential characteristics of the things being expressed, and strengthening the artistic effect and appeal of the article. Please analyze the use of contrast techniques in this novel.
(1) Comparison of the attitudes of two supermarkets towards the elderly with poor memory. One is to treat the old man as a thief, not to listen to the old man's defense, and to deal with it with a fine; the other is to understand the difficulties of the old man and to forgive and respect him. (2) The comparison between the results of supermarkets that respect people and supermarkets that do not respect people, and the supermarket business that respects people is booming. (3) The same is the different contrast in the psychology of the grandson after buying things in the supermarket and forgetting to pay for different treatments, one is that he has left a shadow of being treated as a thief in his heart, and the other is that he has relaxed a lot in his heart and has not left a mark. (4) The contrast between the different attitudes of Lao Sun and her husband on the matter of forgetting to pay, the husband believes that the money is small and has the lessons of the past, does not agree to pay the money, the old Sun would rather risk being misunderstood again to pay the money, seek peace of mind, and show the noble character of the old Sun.
This question tests students' ability to analyze the expressive techniques of a work.
The attitudes of the two supermarkets towards the elderly are in contrast. Combined with "At this time, a salesman has already targeted Lao Sun, suspecting that she is a thief, waiting to catch the stolen goods", "We only recognize the facts, do not talk about objective reasons" "It seems that there is no clarity with this supermarket." Lao Sun could only accept a ten-fold fine from the supermarket. More than a hundred yuan, buried the first order for memory", "The cashier replied: 'It's all right'" "No, this is a small thing." This happens every day. Nowadays, most of the elderly people who visit the supermarket are inevitably people with bad memories, and what they forget is some small things. There are also many like you, think of the later to pay the "and other analysis, Lao Sun in another supermarket, buy "Dabao moisturizer", forgot to pay, was treated as a thief, can not be defended and was fined. In this supermarket, buy a marker pen, forget to pay, the supermarket to understand and respect, think that "the majority of the elderly who visit the supermarket, it is inevitable that there are people with bad memory", understand the difficulties of the elderly, respect the elderly.
Combined with the analysis of "since then, Lao Sun has never come to this supermarket again" and "This supermarket business is booming, there is a reason", the results of the two supermarkets are contrasted, one Old Sun has never been to the supermarket, and the other respects people's supermarket business is booming.
Combined", it seems, with this supermarket there is no clarity. Lao Sun could only accept a ten-fold fine from the supermarket. More than a hundred yuan, buried the first single for memory" "In order to avoid mistakes, the old sun will no longer bring his own bag when he enters the supermarket, and he will use the plastic bag in the supermarket" "The last time the incident hit the old grandson, the memory is still fresh" and other analysis, this experience has hit the old grandson, leaving a shadow on the psychology of the old grandson, and the memory is still fresh. Combined with the analysis of "such treatment, Lao Sun relaxed a lot, and his heart did not leave a mark", the understanding and respect of this supermarket made Lao Sun relax a lot, and his heart did not leave a mark. The results of the two treatments had different effects on lao sun's psychology.
Combined with "the husband said: 'Since the supermarket did not find it, even if it is, it is only two dollars'" "For these two dollars, the reputation of a thief is not comfortable in my heart", "If people look at the video and the evidence is solid, you really become a thief." Self-casting net, but also to accept ten times the fine" and other analysis, the husband of the old sun thinks that it is only two dollars, the reputation of a thief, the heart is not comfortable, maybe also accept ten times the fine, do not agree to pay this money. Combined with the analysis of "I want to return it", "The fine must also be returned, this is the basic of being a person", "For the sake of peace of mind, I am afraid of forgetting, Lao Sun immediately picked up the marker pen and returned to the supermarket", Lao Sun believes that the fine should also be returned, and in order to seek peace of mind, Lao Sun returned to the supermarket, showing the noble character of Lao Sun. Compare the different attitudes of the grandson and her husband to the matter of forgetting to pay.
The artistic technique of the article is actually a relatively broad concept, the more common from the perspective of the chapter in the prose is the use of inhibition, the use of small to see the big and the use of this, etc., from the perspective of expression, it is generally used in a variety of ways such as lyricism, discussion, description, narrative, etc., from the perspective of expression techniques, it is mainly contrast, foil, etc., and from the perspective of sentences, it is mainly rhetoric, such as metaphor, personification, exaggeration, comparison, questioning, rhetorical questioning, etc. When answering the questions, pay attention to first clarifying the method, and then analyzing why this technique is in combination with the article, and finally clarifying the effect.
Read the material below to complete the sub-questions below.
The White Deer originally played an old cavity
The first time I saw a vintage performance was the first two or three years. Friends tell me how old-fashioned it is, but it is difficult for me to react with surprise or anything like that. Because I have lived in the Guanzhong area for decades, but I have never heard of the old style of drama, I can see the breadth and narrowness of its influence. In the wait before the opening performance, the composer Zhao Jiping also came, said hello and shook hands, and he sat down next to me. Ass just next to the chair, he suddenly stood up, hurriedly left the table and rushed to the left side of the stage, shook hands with a white-haired and white-eyebrowed old man crouching there, clapped his shoulders, extremely hot, and shook hands with a group of people around the white-haired and white-browed old man one by one to say hello, presumably acquaintances who had dealt with each other. When I was seated, I also saw the white-haired and white-browed old man and more than ten people in front of him, and I could see at a glance that they were all authentic Guanzhong villagers, and I could think that they were the folk performance class of a certain drama genre, and I did not pay too much attention, Zhao Jiping returned to his seat and sat down, so he solemnly introduced to me that this is the old style performance class in Huayin County, and the old style is a great way of singing, especially the old man with the white eyebrow... The old man can get Zhao Jiping's appreciation, I look at the old man with surprise, and then look at the white-haired and white-browed old man, sitting quietly under the corner of the stage, I suddenly have a sense of mystery.
As soon as about eight or nine actors stepped out of the left side of the stage, the audience burst into laughter. I couldn't help but laugh too. Laughter was sparked by their move to the stage. They held their instruments in one hand, a small wooden stool with square strips in the other, and a long bench that could seat two or three people on his shoulder. These households are in the yard of every farmer in Guanzhong Village, and the pot stove is a common must-have, but they carry it to the big stage in Xi'an. Without any stage movements, they walked to the center of the stage with footsteps like walking around in a village alley or in their own yard, chose a position for each of them, put down a stool or a square stool, sat down, and began to tune their strings.
The gong and drum sounded, and two trumpets hissed between them, and the banhu, erhu and yueqin were played together, as if there were not many characteristics. And when another middle-aged man holding the moon piano just sang two sentences, the audience burst into applause; the white-haired old man also just sang twice, and the applause suddenly exploded, and some people cheered loudly in Guanzhong's native language, "Very beautiful!" "It's so choppy!" I also felt this way, I also clapped my hands, but did not shout out, they followed the prior performance arrangement, sang two folding plays, almost applause with applause, cheers and applause, no doubt became a climax of the performance. However, a surprising scene appeared, standing at the end of the semi-large old man wearing a coarse cloth against the door, looking for a long bench to walk to the front of the stage, with his left hand lifting one end of the bench, the other end supporting the stage, with the right hand holding a wooden brick, with the rhythm of the instrument and the chorus of the actors continuously tapping the bench, no one expected this move, actually silenced the applause and applause under the stage, there was a silent silence, after a short silence, the applause and cheers suddenly exploded, enduring...
I was obsessed with this tone and fell into a reverie, this is the sound from the majestic Guanzhong earth, or the sound of the waves of weishui, or like the whistle of the rain lapping at the boundless autumn grass, nor the soft sound of the good rain moisturizing the early spring of Qinchuan returning to the green wheat seedlings, and even reminding me of the sound of cows mooing and horses in the village alley filled with firewood...
The language I can think of still seems to be difficult to express the charm of the old-fashioned and heart-shaking; it sounds like it is refreshing and difficult to calm down for a long time, but I have a mood of remorse and self-blame that I hate each other. Such an artistic charm of the old cavity, but has never heard of it before, it also lacks the influence of the old melody, imagining that if there is an old melody in my heart, it will definitely affect my feelings and taste of rural life in Guanzhong, and will also affect the tone and texture of the words in my writing. Later, a writer friend who saw the performance of the old way said to me with regret, your novel "White Deer Plain" is written about the land in Guanzhong, if only there was an old picture. But I thought that not just one or a few pictures, but the whole narrative text has an old-fashioned charm.
Until later, the novel "White Deer Plain" was changed into a drama, and director Lin Zhaohua added an old-fashioned singing to it, which made me have a sense of relief. Since then, Lao Lu has stepped onto the stage of the Beijing People's Art Theater with the help of the drama "White Deer Plain".
Later, I wanted to listen to the old way again, but it was rare to get my wish. But two years later, I was once again addicted to the old fashion at the Zhongshan Music Hall. On that day, whether it was a white-haired old man, or other actors, they were fully engaged in singing, the unique charm of the old style was brought to the best extent, and the audience applause was stronger than a burst, which was a kind of spiritual harmony, pure audience Pronunciation of dongfu place, how much content the audience can understand, how much content can be imagined, why is there such a strong echo and appeal? What I think of is the melody, a kind of sound from a long time and space, and full of the profound charm of the land in Guanzhong, which knocks on the nerves that have not yet been overwhelmed by various or elegant or popular musical rhythms that exist at the bottom of the soul of contemporary people, which almost instinctively echoes the spiritual melody of this folk native form that can be regarded as the eldest sister.
I was quite emotional at that moment, they - whether Qin or Lao - originally sang, perhaps since the Song Dynasty, whether it is Yuan, Ming, Qing, and even the Republic of China to the liberation, until now, has been in the countryside in the cottage at the temple fair, until tonight, singing in the Zhongshan Music Hall, I want to open a greater distance from the township party on the stage, I left from the front row seat, found an empty seat in the theater, and enjoyed the singing of these township parties from a distance, trying to eliminate the inevitable preference that arose from the township party's nostalgia. This seems to have a certain effect, and it is indeed the artistic charm of the soul that shocks people's hearts that is generated by the cavity itself... When I fell into the mood of pure tasting that opened the gap, the host of the program, Pu Cunxin, made an extraordinary move that made the audience uproar, he walked quickly from the host position in the corner to the front of the stage, took the bench from the actor who was singing, and then grabbed the wooden brick from his raised right hand, slammed it on the long bench himself, and then raised the wooden brick and sang loudly. The audience immediately boiled over. This famous Pu Cunxin had already merged with the old language, and I suddenly realized that my initiative to open up the gap and seek objective appreciation was superfluous.
The fourth paragraph of the article uses a variety of techniques to express the author's feelings about the old language. Please combine specific sentences to appreciate.
(1) Association. From the tone of the old cavity, it is associated with the unique life of the land of Guanzhong, which points out the characteristics of the old cavity originating from the land of Guanzhong and having a strong local atmosphere.
(2) Metaphor. The tone of the old cavity is compared to the whistle of the rain hitting the autumn grass, the soft sound of the rain running wheat seedlings, etc., which not only writes the majestic and unrestrained of the old cavity, but also writes the gentle and peaceful, turning the abstract feelings into an image picture, and vividly writing the feelings that the old cavity brings to the author.
(3) Ranking ratio. Several sentences form a comparison, reinforcing the author's own inner feelings when listening to the old language.
(4) Use ancient verses. For example, "sneaking into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently", "ambiguous distant people's village, relying on the smoke in the ruins", "the oblique sun shines on the ruins, and the cattle and sheep in poor alleys return", etc., enriching the literary meaning of the works.
This question tests students' ability to analyze the expressive techniques of a work.
Paragraph (4) of the text reads, "Or the sound of the waves of the Weishui Waves, it is also like the whistle of the rain lapping at the boundless autumn grass, nor the soft sound of the good rain moisturizing the qinchuan early spring returning to the green wheat seedlings in the early spring of the qinchuan", using the rhetoric of the metaphor, the tone of the old cavity is depicted and rendered, and the tone of the old cavity is compared to the whistle of the rain lapping at the autumn grass, the soft sound of the rain running wheat seedlings, etc., so that the vivid image of things can be felt concretely, triggering the reader's association and imagination, not only writing the majestic and unrestrained of the old cavity, but also writing the gentle and peaceful, The abstract feelings are transformed into images, and the feelings brought by the old language to the author are vividly written, making the language rich in literary style and has a strong appeal.
"I was obsessed with this tone and fell into a reverie, which was the sound from the depths of the earth in the majestic Guanzhong,...... It even reminds me of the sound of cows mooing and horses in the village alleys filled with firewood and smoke..." Using the associative technique, from the tone of the old style to the unique life of the land in Guanzhong, the shocking image of the old cavity is vividly described, pointing out the characteristics of the old cavity originating from the land of Guanzhong and having a strong local atmosphere, giving the old cavity a high evaluation.
"This is... Or... It's also like..." Using the technique of comparison. Several sentences constitute a comparison, which strengthens the author's inner feelings when listening to the old language, enhances the momentum of the language, and expresses the feelings vividly.
"I am not ignorant of the good rain of the season to moisten the soft sound of the early spring of Qinchuan returning to the green wheat seedlings" into verses "sneaking into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently", "even reminding me of the sound of cows mooing and horses in the village alley filled with firewood smoke" into verses "Ambiguous distant people's village, according to the smoke in the ruins", "The oblique sun shines on the ruins, the cattle and sheep in the poor alleys return", showing the spiritual enjoyment brought to the audience by the old-fashioned performances, reflecting the artistic charm of the old-fashioned, and enriching the literary meaning of the work.
Read the text below to complete each question.
Bird sounds
"There won't be any birds today." Zhang Hongying heard the wind and sand stepping on his back and "whining" past, and his heart was empty.
Zhang Hongying's task on duty is to fight birds. After the new company ended, he was assigned to a squadron of guards at an experimental base in the Gobi Desert, where the squadron commander gave him a gun and ordered him to guard the wastewater pool in front of him. When the squadron commander explained his task to Zhang Hongying, he said with a serious look: "Your main task is to fight birds, and all birds that drink wastewater must treat the enemy like they did, and not let go of a single one!"
In fact, the wastewater of the pool looks so clear, and it creates a scenery on the Gobi Desert. When there is no wind, the water sparkles on the surface, swaying layer after layer of temptation.
In the morning, as soon as the sky was bright, Zhang Hongying picked up his gun and patrolled, and did not withdraw until it was dark. At first, when Zhang Hongying patrolled around the pool, his heart was extremely nervous, and he was eager to keep his eyes blinking. He set himself a principle, as long as the bird that flew from his sight did not spare a single bird, who can be sure whether it drank the wastewater? It is better to kill a thousand by mistake than to miss one! He was always worried that, due to his negligence, he would let the birds that had drunk water fly away and bring nuclear pollution outside the Gobi Desert. He was most afraid of seeing the flying objects in the sky, and prayed in his heart: "Little bird, little bird, you go away from my eyes, don't go into the muzzle of my gun, if you don't listen to my advice, don't blame me for being too ruthless." ”
Sometimes, the wind and sand blow a cluster of dry red willows or a piece of waste paper on the Gobi Desert into the sky, flying up and down in the wind and sand, landing from far and near to the wastewater pool, Zhang Hongying pulled out a fighting posture, raised a gun to track and aim at flying objects. After tossing and turning like this several times, but never seeing the real birds appear, he was a little discouraged.
One day, when the squadron commander asked him about his patrol, he said with some grievance: "Hit the bird and hit the bird, and I didn't even see the feathers!"
The squadron leader did not pay attention to Zhang Hongying's grievances, saying: "It is better to never have a bird feather." However, Zhang Hongying did not think so, he began to look forward to the appearance of birds, very much wanted to listen to the birds chirping on the Gobi Desert. This season, in his hometown, should be a scene of beautiful mountains and rivers, birds and flowers.
There was no bird calling, Zhang Hongying whistled to learn bird calling, hoping to attract birds. But, three months had passed, and he had blown his throat out, not even seeing the shadow of a bird.
He began to wonder if there would be birds on the Gobi Desert, where even human figures were rare.
Today's sandstorm has just passed, and it is said that there will be no birds. However, just when Zhang Hongying was discouraged, a bird suddenly flew into his sight, making him suspect that he had seen it. He rubbed his eyes hard, convinced that the increasingly clear black dot was a bird.
Apparently, the bird had followed behind the sandstorm and was very tired, so when it landed after finding the pool water, it almost fell down with the weight of its body, and fell down next to the pool water.
Zhang Hongying's excited look did not need to be said, he whispered to the birds: "Shout, you scream!" But the weary bird did not say a word and walked step by step toward the pool. At this moment, Zhang Hongying suddenly shouted:
"Go away, yo-".
Zhang Hongying ran while shouting "yo, yo, yo" and tried to blast away the birds approaching the pool.
But the bird could no longer hear his cry, and there was only a pool of turquoise water in front of it, and it stared at this target and walked recklessly.
Zhang Hongying stood still, and he found that the bird had already inserted its mouth into the water and drank together. The beak of the bird is pink, and the turquoise water flutters gently under the sip of the pink beak.
He gently raised his gun and aimed it at the birds, but did not pull the trigger for a long time. Even the wastewater made the birds drink, and he believed that the birds after drinking water would definitely make a few cheerful chirps.
He held up his gun, hopefully, and waited.
The bird finally lifted its head contentedly, glanced around, and then took off with its bulky body, drinking enough water to fly out of the Gobi Desert, so it flapped its wings vigorously and flew towards the beautiful scenery it longed for. It never screamed, it had accumulated all its strength for the fight of flying over the vast Gobi Desert.
When the bird was about to fly out of Zhang Hongying's aiming area, he pulled the trigger. The bird that was shot struggled to glide, landing for a while, slipping up for a while, tossing and turning, and began to fall. The bird knew that it could not fly out of the vast Gobi Desert, and at the moment when it bid farewell to the blue sky, it tried all its strength and issued two melodious calls, and the sound was gentle and beautiful.
Zhang Hongying clearly saw the two chirps of the birds, drew two beautiful curves, and hung in the blue sky of the Gobi Desert.
What are the benefits of ending a novel? Please give a brief explanation of both artistic technique and content.
(1) Using synaesthetic rhetoric, the bird's song was transformed into two beautiful curves, and the psychological shock brought by the two chirps to Zhang Hongying was written.
(2) According to the title "Bird Sound", two chirps mean the end of one life, and also means that another life blames itself and feels guilty, making the theme of the novel more meaningful.
This question tests students' ability to analyze the role of important passages in an essay.
The stem requires an analysis from the two aspects of "artistic technique and content".
In terms of artistic techniques, "clearly seeing the two chirps of birds and drawing out two beautiful curves" is a typical "synaesthesia" technique, turning hearing into vision, making the bird's voice visible, highlighting the psychological shock brought by the bird's call to Zhang Hongying; the structure and the title "Bird Song" correspond;
In terms of content, the end of the article should be related to the main idea, the end of the article "two chirps", this call is Zhang Hongying pulled the trigger to shoot the bird after the bird made a call, but also the bird "tried all their strength, issued two melodious chirps", it can be seen that this call is the bird's own life of the declaration of the end, at the same time, also implies Zhang Hongying's self-blame and guilt, so that the theme of the novel becomes meaningful, thought-provoking, and then deepens the main theme of the article.
1. Read the text below and complete questions 1-3.
The era in the window
Zhou Yongjun
The Iron Age began with a mural, a picture of spring ploughing. This is no longer visible: two cows carrying a wooden bar, which is attached to the plough. One is in front of the morning glory; one is sitting on a bar, controlling the depth of the plough into the ground; one is holding the handle of the plough in the back.
The combination of iron and cattle farming, pieces of land opened up as easily as a line-bound book, and the history of the Iron Age was also opened page by page like a thick line-bound book.
It was not only an era when plows and rakes shined, but also when sharp cold weapons shone brightly. The window full of swords, guns and swords, the most attractive thing is the sword. It was an era of swordsmen. In order to get a good sword, the masters cut open their chests and poured a chest of hot blood into the furnace, or simply jumped into the furnace and merged with the molten iron. The sword that had drunk blood and infused the soul of the master was no longer a cold sword, in addition to sharpness, it also had emotions. It is said that on a stormy night or when the murderous qi strikes, it will actively emit a long sword sound. The most famous is the fish gut sword, and the one who holds that sword is Dedicated. He was not only a swordsman, but also a famous cook. He grilled a fish himself. Smelling the smell of fish, his powerful rival Wu Wangyi completely relaxed his vigilance. Under the gaze of Wu Wangjian, he quietly tore open the fish, revealing the fish intestine sword in its belly. The sword pierced through King Wu's three-tiered armor and reached his heart. He knew that he would die, but he used his death to achieve the Fish Gut Sword, and the Fish Gut Sword used its sharpness to make an outstanding swordsman.
The promotion of iron farm tools has increased productivity and liberated people's strength. Most of the elite laborers were liberated from the land, and their task now was to kill. For a while, they concentrated on learning to fight, and after trying one by one, they chose the most suitable weapon for themselves. The rest is simple, that is, to go to the battlefield, shouting and charging at the same time. Sometimes, the shouts are not used, just killed with the weapon in your hand.
For a veteran, there is nothing to be afraid of swords, guns and swords, and there is nothing to be afraid of fighting face to face. (1) What is terrible is those giant ballistas. It was developed from the arm crossbow. The arm crossbow is simple and can be operated by a person sitting on horseback. Later, it became a crossbow operated by many people, and then it became a bed crossbow operated by more people. The arrows of the crossbow arrows have also been changed from bronze to fine iron, and the arrow shaft is a thick elm pole, and the distance of five hundred meters and seven hundred meters can be reached in the blink of an eye, and where they go, the wall will be overturned. Not to mention the human flesh, the shovel-like arrow, wherever it is rubbed, it is separated from the human body, which is a kind of painful separation. Wherever the crossbows were placed, there were no longer shop windows, war drums echoing there, war horses hissing, shouting, and teams of mighty cavalry charging in the face of the rain of arrows. Most of the cavalry were still children, and that charge was probably the first charge of their lives. Once they had the experience of fighting the crossbow, there was nothing in the world that could make them afraid, and they grew up. They rushed from the distant Warring States, rushed to the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Two Jin Dynasties, and rushed all the way to the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the crossbow gradually withdrew, and firearms stronger than the crossbow stepped onto the battlefield.
(2) Once people get used to killing, that is the really terrible thing. Next door to the crossbow is a huge pit. Legend has it that it was the battlefield site of the Battle of Changping. It is said that the huge earth pit buried 400,000 strong men. They may be killed by a bow and spear, or by a sword. The marks left by the swords are hard to find, but the arrows are still there, and they are still deeply embedded in the skull. After more than two thousand years, most of their corpses turned into dust and mud, but the painful memories remained intact. They had surrendered, and surrendered, as was customary, they might be prisoners or they might be repatriated, but only because they had memorized the fighting skills, the road to repatriation was not clear. It is impossible to become prisoners, four hundred thousand mouths are waiting there, and no land can supply them. Then there is only killing. Killing is the most worry-free and least costly way.
There are only some bamboo books, booklets or line-bound books in the back. There are also times when the dragon is mentioned, the dragon that is no longer very affinity, it has become a divine that dominates everything and is awe-inspiring and inviolable. Usually it is coiled on a chair or a colonnade in the temple. Sometimes it also appears in the folk. Either in dreams or when babies are born. Its appearance always heralded the rise of a new dynasty.
Bamboo, booklets, or wire-bound books rarely mention ironware, plows and rakes, much less killing. The most they mention is virtue. At that time, no one gave the world to an unrelated person like an artifact, nor could the most virtuous person. Their habit was to pass it on to their sons, and to their nephews without sons. If the nephew does not have it, choose one from the nearest branch of the family, it does not matter whether there is virtue or no morality, it does not matter whether there is talent or talent, it does not matter if there is a fool, it is your own person. Irrelevant people want to gain the world, then only organize an army to kill the past, then it is not a matter between one person and two people, one family and two families, often tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of people or even millions of people live and die.
After a massacre, the battlefield was soon covered with thick soil, on which crops grew, houses were built, farmers were cultivated, six animals were bred on it, and rent-collecting carriages rumbled on it...
1． The following analysis and appreciation of the relevant content and artistic features of this article, the incorrect one is ( )
A． The article begins with a picture of spring ploughing, ending with pictures of the battlefield being covered and farmers cultivating on it, echoing from beginning to end, sublimating the theme: against killing, the pursuit of peace.
B． People who have nothing to do with the royal family to wage war in order to gain the world, which is related to the survival of tens of thousands or even millions of people, which shows the negative side of killing and expresses anti-war ideas.
C． The author believes that the promotion of iron farming tools has improved productivity and liberated people's strength, and to some extent, provided an objective basis and possibility for the production of killing.
D． "The Age in the Window" enlightens the reader that this article revolves around visiting ancient objects to carry out associations, express feelings, and express thoughts, and "Shop Window" is the clue of this article.
2． The two line-drawing sentences in the text mention "terrible", how do they mean differently? Combine this with text analysis.
3． How does the author think about the different iron tools and their roles? Please provide a brief overview.
【Answer】1. D
2． (1) The meaning of "terrible" is that the combat tools are becoming more and more advanced and the lethality is very large;
(2) The meaning of "terrible" is the selfishness and indifference of the human heart, which is the disregard for life.
3． (1) The author argues that the spread of iron farm tools increased productivity and benefited agricultural production; but at the same time, to some extent, it provided the possibility of war and killing;
(2) Sharp swords and other cold weapons have achieved some chivalry; at the same time, the emergence of cold weapons has made it easy to kill, and the scale of war has been expanding, and the emergence of iron tools has made China's feudal history a history of war;
(3) Iron tools not only promote war, but also make people more and more indifferent and selfish, leading to larger-scale wars and causing more deaths;
(4) But peace will eventually come through the killing, expressing the author's anti-war themes.
1． This question tests students' ability to analyze and appreciate the relevant content and artistic features of this article.
D. "'Shop window' is a clue to the writing of this article" wrong. The author associates the spring ploughing diagram in the window and thinks about the history of the Iron Age, from iron farming tools to cold weapons to firearms, and associates with the war and killing related to it; from bamboo jane, shushu or line-bound books to the change of dynasties, to more killing, expressing the theme of opposing killing and pursuing peace. It can be seen that the article is written with the author's association as the clue.
Hence the choice of D.
2． This question tests students' ability to analyze the meaning of important words.
The first line line sentence is "terrible is those giant ballistas", here is for the battlefield warriors, "terrible" objects are "giant crossbows", from the arm crossbow to the bed crossbow, the lethality is getting bigger and bigger, "the distance of five hundred meters, seven hundred meters can be reached in the blink of an eye, where they go, where the wall is overturned." Not to mention the human flesh, the shovel-like arrow, wherever it is rubbed, it is separated from the human body, which is a kind of separation that makes people feel unbearable." Therefore, the meaning of "terrible" is that the combat tools are becoming more and more advanced and the lethality is very large;
The second line is "Once people are used to killing, that is the really terrible thing", and the object of "terrible" here is the "human heart" who is "accustomed to killing", and once the human heart becomes indifferent, it will disregard life, just like the 400,000 Zhao troops who were killed in the Changping War, "They have surrendered, surrendered according to the custom, may be prisoners, may also be repatriated, but only because they have written down those fighting skills, their way of repatriation is not feasible." It is impossible to become prisoners, four hundred thousand mouths are waiting there, and no land can supply them. Then there is only killing. Killing is the most carefree and the least costly way", selfish and indifferent to calculating one's own interests, disregarding living life. Thus, the meaning of "terrible" is the selfishness and indifference of the human heart, the disregard for life.
3． This question tests students' ability to sort out the structure of the text, summarize the content of the text, and appreciate the topic of the article.
First of all, look at iron agricultural tools, "the promotion of iron agricultural tools has increased productivity and liberated people's strength." Most of the elite laborers were liberated from the land, and their task now was to kill", the author argues that the popularization of iron agricultural tools increased productivity and benefited agricultural production; but at the same time, to some extent, offered the possibility of war and killing;
Looking at the cold weapon, "and Wu Wangbian fell down and there was also Zhuanzhu, he knew that he would die, but he used death to achieve the fish intestine sword, and the fish intestine sword used its sharpness to achieve an outstanding swordsman", and the sharp sword and other weapons made some chivalrous warriors;
"They concentrated on learning to fight, and after trying out the swords, guns, and swords one by one, they chose the most suitable weapon for themselves." The rest is simple, that is, to go to the battlefield, shouting and charging at the same time. Sometimes, the shouts are not used, just kill with the weapon in your hand at once" "For a veteran, there is nothing terrible about swords, guns, swords, and swords, and there is nothing terrible about fighting face to face. What's scary are those giant ballistas... Then it became a bed crossbow operated by more people" "Where the bed crossbow is placed, it is no longer a window, the war drums echo there, the war horses are roaring there, and in the shouting, teams of tough cavalry are charging in the face of the rain of arrows... They rushed from the distant warring states, rushed to the Qin and Han dynasties and the two Jin Dynasties, and rushed all the way to the Ming and Qing dynasties", the emergence of cold weapons made it easy to kill, but also made the scale of war continue to expand, almost the entire feudal era was spent in war killing, the emergence of iron tools made Chinese history a history of war.
"Once people are used to killing, that is the really terrible thing" "Irrelevant people want to win the world, then only organize an army to kill the past, then it is not a matter between one person and two people, one family and two families, often tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of people or even millions of people live and die", iron tools not only promote war, but also make people more and more indifferent and selfish, and this indifference and selfishness have led to larger-scale wars, resulting in the death of more people.
"After a massacre, the battlefield is soon covered with thick soil, on which crops grow, houses are built, farmers cultivate on it, six animals breed on it, and rent-collecting carriages rumble on it...", the author uses the picture of peace to express the lashing and mocking of war and killing, expressing the anti-war theme that peace will eventually cross the killing.
2. Read the following text and complete 4-6 questions.
In the days to come, I can only live alone, I always think that my life will not be long, who knows after all these years. I'm still the same, my waist still hurts a lot, and my eyes are still flowers. I sometimes think sad, sometimes I think very steadily, my family is all buried by me, all buried by my own hands, and one day I stretch my legs, and I don't have to worry about anyone. I also figured it out, when it is my turn to die, I am at ease to die, there is no need to look forward to the person who collects the body, someone in the village will definitely come to bury me, or I will stink, and no one can stand the smell. I will not let others bury me in vain, I pressed ten yuan under the pillow, these ten yuan I starved to death and will not move it, the people in the village know that these ten yuan are for the person who collected the body for me, and they all know that I will be buried with jiazhen after I die.
In this life, I think about it very quickly, living a normal life, my father expects me to honor my ancestors, he is the wrong person, I, ah, is such a fate. When I was young, I relied on the money left by my ancestors for a while, and then I crossed over and fell, so it was better, look at the people around me, Long Lan and Chunsheng, they were only beautiful for a while, and in the end they lost their lives. It is better to be a normal person, to fight for this and that, to fight to lose your own life. Like me, it is said that the more chaotic it is, the more it is not out of breath, but the life expectancy is long, and the people I know die one by one, and I am still alive.
The year after Bitterroot died, I had enough money to buy cattle, and to see if I had to live for a few more years, I thought the cow would still have to be bought. The cow is half a man, it can work for me, and when I am idle, I have a companion, and when I am bored, I talk to it. Dragging it to the water's edge to graze is like pulling a child.
On the day I bought the cattle, I took the money in my arms and walked to Xinfeng, which is a big cattle market. Passing by a neighboring village, I saw a group of people turning around in the tanning field, and when I walked over to look, I saw this cow, which was lying on the ground, tilting its head to shed tears, and a shirtless man crouched on the ground next to him and sharpened the ox knife, and the people around him were saying that it was best for the ox knife to be stabbed from somewhere. I saw this old cow crying so sadly, and my heart was strangely uncomfortable. It's pathetic to think about being a cow. Tired and tired for a lifetime, old, weak strength, will be slaughtered and eaten.
I couldn't bear to see it slaughtered, so I left the tanning field and continued to Xinfeng. As he walked, he couldn't let go of this cow, he knew he was going to die, and there was a pool of tears under his head.
The more I walked, the more I couldn't settle down, and then I thought about it and simply bought it.
I hurried back to the tanning, where they had tied up the cow's feet, and I squeezed up and said to the man sharpening the knife:
"All right, sell me this cow."
The shirtless man tried his fingers at the blade and looked at me for a while before asking:
"What do you say?"
I said, "I'm going to buy this cow." ”
He just opened his mouth and giggled, and the people next to him also laughed, and I knew they were all laughing at me, and I took the money out of my arms and put it in his hand, saying:
"You count." The shirtless man was immediately stupid, and he looked at me and looked at me, scratched his neck, and asked me:
"You really want to buy it."
I didn't say anything, squatted down and untied the rope on the cow's feet, stood up and patted the cow's head, this cow is really smart, knows that he is not dead, suddenly stood up, and did not shed tears. I grabbed the reins and said to the man:
"You count the money."
The man held up the money in front of his eyes as if to see how thick it was, and after looking at him he said:
"Don't count, you pull away."
I dragged the cows along, and they laughed wildly in the back, and I heard the man say:
"Today is cost-effective, today is cost-effective."
The cow is human, and when I pulled it back, it knew that I had saved its life, and the body was always leaning on me, and it was very affectionate, and I said to it, "You, don't be so happy first, I pull you back to work, not to raise you as a father." ”
I dragged the cattle back to the village, and the people in the village all gathered around to see the liveliness, and they all said that I was old and confused, and when I bought such an old one, one of them said, "Fugui, I see that it is older than your father." ”
The cow will tell me that it can only live for two or three years at most, and I think two or three years is enough, and I am afraid that I will not live so long.
Who knows that we have all lived to this day, the people in the village are shocked and surprised, that is, two days ago, some people said that we are - "two old people do not die." ”
When the cow arrives home, it is also a member of my family, and it is time to give it a name, and if you think about it, you still think it is good to call it a blessing. I looked left and right and felt that it looked like me, and my heart was beautiful, and later the people in the village also began to say that they were like me, and I laughed and thought that I already knew that it was like me.
In the afterglow of the setting sun, the old man sitting on the edge of the field stood up, patted the dust on his ass, and shouted to the old cow by the pond, and the cow came over, walked to the old man and bowed his head, and the old man carried the plough to his shoulder and pulled the reins of the cow slowly.
Both Fugui's feet were covered with mud, and they both shook their bodies slightly as they walked.
The old man and the cow are drifting away, the old man's rough and touching noise is coming from afar, his song flutters like the wind in the empty evening, and the old man sings—
Teenagers go wandering, middle-aged people want to dig up, and old people become monks.
Cooking smoke rose over the roof of the farmhouse and faded away after dispersing in the glowing sky. The sound of women shouting at children came and went, and a man walked past me with a bucket of dung, and the flat shoulder creaked all the way through.
Slowly, the field became quiet, and a blur appeared around it, and the light gradually receded. Dusk is fleeting, and night is falling from the sky.
The vast expanse of the land was exposed with a firm chest, and it was a gesture of calling, just as women beckoned their children, and the land beckoned the night to come.
(Excerpt from Yu Hua's "Alive", with deletions)
4． The following analysis and appreciation of the ideological content and artistic characteristics of this novel is inappropriate ( )
A． The novel first writes Fugui to tell his own situation, then writes Fugui to buy life, and finally describes the scene of late return from the perspective of an outsider, with a clear context, and the transformation of the writing and the ups and downs are natural and harmonious.
B． Fugui knew that his time was short, so he decided to buy an old cow. With the old cow, Fugui is like having a companion, and since then, they have depended on each other for their lives, and the plot development and the psychological feelings of the characters have followed each other.
C． The surprised reaction of the cattle seller, the words that even shouted "today is worth it", and the details of the laughter of the people next to him all set off the abnormality of Fugui buying old cattle and highlighted Fugui's pity for life.
D． At the end of the article, the land is written like a woman summoning children to summon the coming of the night, and the change of scenery symbolizes the interdependence of life and death, and the irresistible fate, which makes the article have a philosophical meaning.
5． Fugui said: "I sometimes think about being sad, and sometimes I think about it very steadily. What does this sentence mean?
6． American writer Emily Carter described the novel as "concise and powerful, straight to the heart". Please combine this feature of text analysis.
【Answer】4. B
5． (1) Sadness: (1) Relatives have passed away, leaving only the elderly and frail themselves to live alone, so sad.
(2) Steadfastness: (2) Relatives are buried by themselves, and there is no concern in this world, so even in the face of death, the heart is also solid.
(3) Fugui put the money for the body collector under the pillow, and the villagers also knew his wish to be buried with his relatives, and his own affairs were also arranged properly, so he was steadfast.
6． (1) The content is profound and moving. Fugui has experienced bad luck and was lonely in his old age, but he swallowed all suffering, accepted fate, and calmly walked towards death. This attitude towards life is shocking and provokes readers to think about life and death.
(2) Dual narrative structure. First narrate in the first person from the perspective of the protagonist, enhance the appeal, and then write the scene of Fugui and the cow leaving from an outsider's point of view, which makes people feel sad.
(3) Contrasting characters with things. The old cow and Fugui have similar fates, the same situation, and are dependent on each other, highlighting the misery of Fugui's fate and the desolation of the evening.
(4) Character descriptions and environmental descriptions are direct and simple. The language is simple and concise, but also intriguing.
4． This question tests students' ability to analyze and appreciate the ideological content and artistic characteristics of novels.
B.“ Fugui knew that he didn't have much time, so he decided to buy an old cow" Mistake, Fugui bought the old cow out of sympathy, not because he didn't have much time to buy the old cow. Later, when the villagers told him that the old cow would not live for a few years, he thought that he was also old and frail, so he did not have to care that the old cow could live for a few years.
Hence B.
5． This question tests students' ability to understand the meaning of important sentences in an essay.
According to "all the people in my family are buried by me, all buried by my own hands" "In the days to come, I can only live alone, and I always think that my life will not be long", it can be known that my relatives have passed away, leaving only my elderly and frail self to live alone, so I am sad.
According to "One day when my legs are stretched, I don't have to worry about anyone", it can be known that my relatives have passed away, I have no worries, even if I die, my heart is also solid.
According to "I also figured it out, when it is my turn to die, peace of mind is to die, do not expect the person who collects the body, there will definitely be someone in the village to bury me" "I pressed ten yuan under the pillow, this ten yuan I starved to death will not move it, the people in the village know that this ten yuan is for the person who collected the body for me, they also know that I will be buried with jiazhen after I die" It can be known that my aftermath is also properly arranged, so I am steadfast in my heart.
6． This question tests students' ability to analyze genre characteristics and expressive techniques.
The content is profound and moving: Fugui has experienced bad luck, crossed over and fallen, and all the relatives or friends related to it have died, only his old man is still alive, lonely and bitter in his old age, but he "also figured it out, when it is his turn to die, he is at ease to die", this calm acceptance of death has triggered readers to think about life and death.
Double narrative structure: "In the days to come, I can only live alone, I always think that my life will not be long, who knows after all these years." I'm still the same,...... I sometimes think sad, sometimes I think it's very down-to-earth..." The first half uses the first half of the narration to enhance the appeal of the article," the old man sitting on the edge of the field stood up, patted the dust on his ass, and shouted to the old cow by the pond, and the cow came over, walked to the old man and bowed his head, and the old man carried the plough to his shoulder and slowly walked with the reins of the cow. ...... The old man sang", and then wrote the scene of Fugui and the cow going away from an outsider's point of view, which made people feel sad.
Contrasting the characters with things: the old cow was originally facing being slaughtered, Fugui thought that he would not live for a few years, the old cow and Fugui had a similar fate, the situation was the same, "the cow arrived home, and it was also a member of my family" "Shouted to the old cow by the pond, and the cow came over" "The two Fugui's feet were covered with mud, and they shook their bodies slightly when they walked", but they were dependent on each other, highlighting the sadness of Fugui's fate and the desolation of the evening.
When describing the character Fugui, a large number of psychological descriptions are used, such as "I sometimes think sad, sometimes I think very down-to-earth", etc., the language is simple and concise, and intriguing; "In the afterglow of the sunset", "Cooking smoke rises on the roof of the farmhouse, and disappears after dispersing in the glowing sky", "Slowly, the fields tend to be quiet, there is a blur around, and the light gradually recedes." Dusk is fleeting, and night is falling from the sky", the environment is described as rustic.
3. Read the text below and complete questions 7-9.
Wolf Totem (excerpt)
Jiang Rong
In the early spring of the following year after the disappearance of the Wolves, the Corps ordered a reduction in the number of prairie dogs in order to conserve valuable beef and mutton food to supply agricultural regiments without oil and water. The first to suffer from this fate are the pups, the newborn puppies on the grassland are almost all thrown to Tengger, and the female dogs can be heard everywhere in the Erlun grassland, and the female dogs can be seen digging out the pups that have been quietly buried by their owners, and holding the dead puppies in a crazy circle. The steppe women cried and the men wept silently. Prairie dogs and hounds also lose weight day by day.
Half a year later, jiro was away from the yurt and in a daze in the grass when he was shot and killed by people on a truck of legionnaires and pulled away. Chen Jin, Yang Ke, Zhang Jiyuan and Gao Jianzhong rushed to the regimental headquarters and the two company headquarters in a rage, but they were never able to find the murderer. All the new Han Chinese formed a united front over eating dog meat, hiding the murderer like a hero hunted by a foreign race.
Four years later, in the early hours of the morning when a white fur wind was raging, an old man and a prime-age man rode on horseback and drove to the border road in a bullock cart carrying the remains of the old man Billig. Two of the brigade's three burial grounds have been abandoned, and some herders have changed to Han-style burials after their deaths. Only Old Man Billig insisted on going to a place where there might be wolves. His will was to send his two distant brothers to a no-man's land north of the border road.
According to the old man's brother, that night, on the north side of the border road, the howl of the old wolf and the wolf cub did not stop all night until dawn.
Chen Jin, Yang Ke and Zhang Jiyuan all believe that Abba Bilig is a painful and fortunate old man. Because he was the last Mongolian old man in the Elun steppe to return to Tengger by the burial of the steppe sky. Since then, the steppe wolves have never returned to the Elun steppe.
In 1975, the Inner Mongolia Production and Construction Corps was officially disbanded. However, the Majuzi River Valley, which is rich in water and grass, has long been reclaimed into a large area of sand. Houses, machines, cars, tractors, and most of the workers and their ideas and lifestyles remain on the prairie. The Erlun grassland degrades year after year. If you hear about a yurt being bitten to death by a wolf, it will be talked about for several days, but the number of people who hear the horse's hooves sinking into the rat hole and the centaurs being broken gradually increases.
In the summer of the 30th anniversary of Beijing Zhiqing's trip to the Elun Grassland, Chen Jin and Yang Ke left the capital in a blue "Cherokee" and drove to the Elun Grassland.
After graduating from the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Chen Jin has been engaged in research on national conditions and institutional reform in the research institute of a university. After graduating with a bachelor's degree in law, Yang Ke obtained a master's degree and a lawyer's qualification, and by this time he was already the founder of a reputable law firm in Beijing. These two old friends who are more than half a hundred years old have always missed the grassland, but they are afraid to return to the grassland. However, the 30th anniversary, the year of "standing" of "life experience", made them both determined to return to the Erlun Grassland. They will go to visit their relatives and friends in the grassland, to visit the "Uzumuqin Steppe" that they dare not look at anymore, to visit the old cave of the little wolf under the BlackStone Mountain. Sometimes they even imagined such a picture in their minds: the wind roared, the white hair flew wildly, and the little wolf was like a golden flying dragon, riding the clouds and the fog, carrying snow and riding the wind, flying happily, flying to Tengger, flying to Sirius, flying to the free space universe, flying to the place where the souls of all the Mongolian steppe wolves who had died in battle for thousands of years gathered. Chen Jin also wanted to feel and verify the arguments in his academic manuscript again.
As soon as the jeep entered the Inner Mongolia realm, the sky was still blue. However, only those who have lived in the steppe for a long time know that Tengri is no longer the original Tengri. The sky was dry without a trace of clouds, and the Tengger of the steppe had almost become a tengger of sand. Under the dry and hot sky, there is no dense grass in sight, and between the sparse dry yellow sand and grass is a large area of slab sand, like a huge sheet of thick sandpaper. On the half-covered road, iron cage trucks pulling cattle and sheep swept up in yellow dust and drove towards Kannai. Along the way, you will hardly see a yurt, a herd of horses, or a herd of cattle. Occasionally, when I saw a flock of sheep, the hair was dirty and black, thin and small, and even the handled sheep of the former Erlun grassland were not as good... The two almost dispelled their desire to move on. They both couldn't bear the wet turquoise grassland scenery in their hearts to be washed away by dry dust and worn by "sandpaper".
Yang Ke stopped the car on the side of the road, patted the dry dust on his body and said to Chen Jin: The first ten years or so were too busy, and there was no time to go back to the grassland to see. In the past two years, the people below me can be on their own, which is free. But seriously, I'm still afraid to see the grassland. This spring, Zhang Jiyuan returned to Erlun, and he told me a lot about the desertification of the grassland. I had been mentally preparing for so long that I didn't expect that the desertification of the grassland was beyond my imagination.
Chen Jin patted the steering wheel and said: Let me drive... Abba has only been gone for more than 20 years, and we have seen with our own eyes the evil consequences of his prediction, and we really have to go back to the Erlun Grassland to worship him. And, without going back to see, the little wolf's hole might actually be filled with sand. The old cave is the only relic left in the world by the steppe wolf that has dominated the steppe for thousands of years.
Yang Ke said: A century-old cave is the strongest hole, it can't collapse for hundreds of years, and it will collapse after more than 20 years? The old cave is so deep, not a hundred years of wind and sand can not fill it, right?
Chen Jin said: I also miss Uriji, and I really want to see him again, and then ask him for advice on wolf science and grassland science. Unfortunately, he was heartbroken by the grassland, and after retiring, he left the grassland and went to the city, where he lived in his daughter's house to recuperate. China does not have a scientific democratic mechanism for competing in the selection of talents, and Geng Zhi's outstanding talents are always pressed down, and this rare wolf expert and grassland expert in China has been completely buried. In my opinion, the institutional yellow sand is more terrible than the grassland yellow sand, and it is one of the real sources of the grassland sandstorm.
7． The following analysis and appreciation of the content of the novel and the artistic characteristics, the incorrect one is ( )
A． At the beginning of the novel, the scenes of the female dog "crying bitterly", "holding the dead dog cub crazy and spinning in circles", the women's "trumpet crying" and the man's "silent tears" show the tragic situation of the prairie dog after the wolf pack disappears from different aspects.
B． The old man Bilig was buried in the barren and grassy no-man's land north of the border road, and the wolves who did not stop howling all night never returned to the Erlun grassland, and the fates of people and wolves contrasted with each other, full of desolation and misery.
C． The novel mobilizes people's multiple senses, and describes the cheerful scene of the little wolf flying to the place where the soul gathers from a relaxed tone, visually, audibly and tactilely, which is illusory, but it is immersive to read.
D． Borrowing the mouth of Chen Jin, the author explains the fact that Wuliji, who is good at wolf science and grassland science, has been ostracized, and skillfully contrasts the system yellow sand with the grassland yellow sand, expressing the in-depth exploration and profound reflection on the source of the grassland yellow sand.
8． Please appreciate the line-drawing sentences in the text.
9． The novel writes about the little wolf's old hole many times, what is the role? Please combine the text with a brief analysis.
【Answer】7. C
8． (1) Using the technique of metaphor and contrast, the grassland is like a huge piece of coarse sandpaper, comparing the Tengger of the sandy land at present with the Tengger of the grassland in the past, and the image profoundly shows the current situation of grassland desertification. (2) With the help of the desolate and dilapidated scene in front of them, the loss and sentimentality in the hearts of Chen Jin and Yang Ke are highlighted.
9． (1) It implies Chen Jin's nostalgia for the little wolves and the sentimentality of the disappearance of the millennium wolves in the symmetrical grassland. (2) Form a front-to-back echo in the structure. (3) Deepens the theme of the novel. Implicitly expressed concerns and reflections on the disappearance of wolves and the destruction of grasslands.
【Analysis】
7． This question tests students' ability to analyze and appreciate the characteristics of art.
C. "Tactile" error, "the wind whistles, the white hair flies wildly" is the sense of hearing, "the little wolf is like a golden dragon, soaring clouds and driving the fog, carrying snow and riding the wind, flying happily, flying to Tengri, flying to Sirius, flying to the free space universe, flying to the soul of all the Mongolian steppe wolves who have died in battle for thousands of years" is visual, the novel does not write about the little wolf from the tactile senses, and the tone of the description is not easy, but heavy, containing reflection.
Hence the choice of C.
8． This question tests students' ability to taste the wonderful art of language expression.
The analysis can be analyzed from the perspectives of methods, language, content analysis, environmental description, and emotional expression.
First define the technique, then analyze the effect. "Like a huge sheet of coarse sandpaper" uses a metaphor to compare the current Tengger to "coarse sandpaper"; "can't see the dense grassland" means that the original Tengger should be covered with dense grass, and now the Tengger has almost become "sandy land" "Between the sparse dry yellow sandy grass is a large area of slab sand", the contrast between the front and back, showing the current situation of grassland desertification, the scene is desolate and dilapidated.
Combined with the upper and lower contexts, Chen Jin wanted to go back to the grassland to verify his views, but he saw such a scene, "The two almost dispelled their desire to continue to move forward." They were both reluctant to let the negatives of the wet and turquoise grassland scenery in their hearts be washed away by dry dust and worn by 'sandpaper'", and the dilapidated scene in front of them set off the loss and sentimentality in their hearts.
9． This question tests students' ability to analyze the role of important plots in an essay.
Candidates can analyze the role from the perspective of plot, imagery and theme.
First of all, I went to the text to find content about the little wolf's old cave, such as "They will go to visit their relatives and friends in the grassland, to visit the 'Uzumuqin steppe' that they dare not look at anymore, to visit the old cave of the little wolf under the Black Rock Mountain" "And, without going back to see, the little wolf's hole may really be filled with sand." The old cave is the only relic left in the world by the steppe wolf that has dominated the grassland for thousands of years" "Yang Ke said: A hundred-year-old cave is the strongest hole, it can't collapse for hundreds of years, and it will collapse after more than 20 years? The old cave is so deep, there is no wind and sand for a hundred years to fill it", from these contents, we can see that the two people went to visit the old cave of the little wolf, and they can see the two people's nostalgia for the little wolf; the "hole" became the "old hole", there was no wolf in the hole, revealing the sentimentality of the disappearance of the wolf pack.
Then analyze the role of this content in the plot. The two decided to visit the "Little Wolf's Old Cave", and then worried that the "Little Wolf's Old Cave" would be filled with sand, and these contents echoed back and forth to make the structure more compact.
Finally, analyze the role of the topic. "Hole" becomes "Little Wolf's Old Cave" means the disappearance of wolves, and "Little Wolf's Old Cave" may also be buried by sand, which means desertification of the grassland, so the text mentions many times that "Little Wolf's Old Cave" implies concern and reflection on the disappearance of wolves and the desertification of grassland.
Read the text below and complete questions 10-12.
The Qinhuai River in the shadow of the paddle sound
Zhu Ziqing
After crossing the Dazhong Bridge, you will arrive at the Qinhuai River where the lights and moons shine and sing all night, which is the true face of the Qinhuai River.
Outside the Great Middle Bridge, it was suddenly empty, and the scene of densely packed people on both sides of the bridge was very different, at a glance, the sparse forest, the faint moon, lined with blue sky, quite like the wilderness crossing scene; over there, the lush bushes, the eerie forest, and seemed to hide boundless darkness, making people almost unable to believe that it was the bustling Qinhuai River. But the dizzying lights in the river, the longitudinal painting boats, the melodious flute rhymes, and the squeaky huqin sound finally made us know the green and old wine of Qinhuai Water. The sky here is more naked, so the night comes late; from the clear water shadow, we feel only the thin night- this is the night of the Qinhuai River. It was the height of summer. After we disembarked, the heat has gradually dissipated with the fresh morning coolness and the breeze on the river; When I arrived here, I suddenly became cheerful, and my body suddenly lightened--the breeze of habits was on my face, hands, and clothes, and I felt a new coolness. The sunlight in Nanjing is probably not as fierce as in Hangzhou; the summer nights in the West Lake are always hot and fluffy, and the water is like boiling, but the water of the Qinhuai River is so cold and green. Let the longing of your shadow and the disturbance of the song always seem to be separated by a thin layer of green veil; it is so quiet, cold and green. We got out of the big middle bridge, and we couldn't walk half a mile, so the boatman rowed the boat aside and stopped the oar and swung it. He thought that it was the pole of prosperity, and that it would be desolate in the past; so let us appreciate it for a while. He himself squatted quietly. He was used to seeing this situation, and it was probably just a necessity. This is indispensable, whether it is rising or sinking, in short, it is higher than us.
At that time, the river was very lively; most of the boats were moored, and the small half were shuttling back and forth on the water, and the moorings were on the side near the city, and our boats were naturally sandwiched in them. Because this side is slightly crowded, I feel that the other side is very sparse. As each boat passes over from that side, we can draw its gentle shadow and the winding waves in our hearts; this is evidently empty, and distinctly silent, when everywhere there is singing and mournful huqin, round throats, indeed very few. But that jerky, sharp tone can make people feel youthful, rough and informal, and it can also please us. Moreover, listening to it somewhat apart, because the beauty of imagination and longing always feels more delicious; and the noise of competition, the unevenness of depression, the far noise, and the noisy cut of musical instruments, the harmonic sound of synthesizing another meaning, also makes us feel at a loss, such as walking with the wind. This is because our hearts have withered for a long time and become fragile; so when we moisturize it by chance, we seem to be crazy and unable to be autonomous. But the Qinhuai River is indeed also greasy. That is, like the human face in the boat, whether it is moored with us, whether it is passing in front of our eyes, it is always vague, even vague; if you open your eyes and clean up the dirt, it is also in vain. That's enough to think about. Where we anchored, the lights were all over the place; but they were all yellow and dizzy. Huang can no longer understand, coupled with the halo, it is even more so. The more lights there were, the more halos there were; in the interlacing of stars and yellows, the Qinhuai River seemed to be covered with a cloud of light and fog. The light and mist steamed, and nothing remained, so the detailed curves of the human face disappeared under our eyes. But the light can't take away the moonlight over there; the light is muddy, the moonlight is clear. In the chaotic light, a clear glow seeps in, but it is really a miracle! That night, The Moon had been cut by two or three points. She put on her late makeup and put on the willow tip. The sky was lovely blue, as if it were a puddle of water; the moon was even more spirited. There were originally three weeping willows on the shore, and faint shadows swayed in the water. Their delicate branches are bathed in moonlight, like the arms of a beautiful person, intertwined and held, and like the hair of the moon. And Yue'er occasionally peeked at us from their intersection, and there was a little girl who was shy. There were several unknown old trees on the shore, standing in the light; in the moonlight, they looked like spirited old people. In the distance, almost to the skyline, there were only one or two white clouds, shining brightly, like beautiful shells. Under the white clouds is a black outline, an irregular curve drawn at random. This period of time is very different from the flavor of the river. But the lamp and the moon can coexist and blend together, so that the moon becomes a lingering moon, and the lamp shines with a faint spiritual radiance, which is the reason why the sky is thick with the Qinhuai River, and it is precisely because the sky is thick for us.
(Excerpt from "The Complete Compilation of Zhu Ziqing's Essays", Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House, with deletions)
[Note] In the early twenties, when the May Fourth Movement was at the height of the tide, Zhu Ziqing sent love to the landscape and water, pursuing a momentary tranquility and a moderate interest in life; at the same time, he longed for light and freedom.
10． The following analysis and appreciation of the relevant content and artistic characteristics of the prose, the most appropriate one is ( )
A． The lyricism of the first paragraph of the opening paragraph tells people that the true face of the Qinhuai River is the scene of the lights and moons on the Qinhuai River and the song all night.
B． "He thought it was the bustling pole... So let's enjoy it for a while. The word "appreciation" in the sentence can show that the boatman has a literary style, and he seems to know that it is the literary people who come.
C． The third paragraph depicts the moonlight, first comparing the moonlight with the light, highlighting the "clarity" of the moonlight, and then using anthropomorphism and foiling techniques to praise the appearance of the moon.
D． The article embodies the meticulous and meticulous characteristics of Zhu Ziqing's prose, integrating natural scenes, historical images, ancient customs and real emotions, and is filled with a sincere and deep and delicate feeling.
11． The second paragraph of the article writes out what are the characteristics of the summer night water of the Qinhuai River? Which expression techniques are used? How does it feel?
12． Take the sentence with the bridge in the text as an example to briefly analyze the specific aspects of the linguistic beauty of this prose.
【Answer】10. C
11． (1) Features: cold and green. (2) Technique: Contrast, comparing the sunshine between Nanjing and Hangzhou, the Qinhuai River and the West Lake on summer nights. (3) Expression effect: give people a quiet, cool feeling.
12． (1) Easy to understand, colloquial. Such as "three plants and two plants" and "the little girl is shy". (2) Verbs are used vividly. For example, the "swaying" in "swaying in the water" vividly portrays the dynamics of the shadow of the weeping willow in the water; another example is "the branches are bathed in the moonlight, like the arms of a beautiful person, interactively entangled, holding" and other words, the beautiful form of the branches of the tree in the moonlight is depicted in a beautiful way. (3) The use of overlapping characters has a kind of phonological beauty. Such as "faint", "secret", "light", etc. (4) A large number of rhetorical techniques are used to make the language simple and elegant, full of poetry, and create a picturesque realm. For example, "sneaking a peek at us" and "having a little girl's shy appearance" uses anthropomorphic rhetorical techniques, such as "like the arms of a beautiful person" and "like the hair of a moon" using figurative rhetorical techniques.
10． This question tests students' ability to analyze and appreciate the content and artistic characteristics of prose.
A. "Lyrical" shall be "description". In the first verse, "After crossing the Great Middle Bridge, we arrive... Qinhuai River", from the expression point of view, this is "narrative". "The Qinhuai River where the lights and the moon shine and sing all night", from the expression point of view, this is "description". So, the first verse is "Description".
B. "Can show that the boatman has a literary demeanor, he seems to know that it is the literary people who come" analysis error. First of all, the word "appreciation" cannot show that "the boatman has a literary and artistic demeanor", which is thought and expressed from the perspective of the author, not from the mouth of the boatman; secondly, "he seems to know that it is the literary people who have come" out of nothing.
D. "Historical images, ancient objects" is not reflected in the content of the excerpted article. The article mainly writes about the natural scenery of the Qinhuai River.
11． This question examines students' screening of information, analysis of expression techniques and their effects.
In the second paragraph, "The sunlight in Nanjing is probably not as fierce as in Hangzhou; the summer nights in the West Lake are always hot and fluffy, and the water is like boiling, but the water of the Qinhuai River is so cold and green." The longing of your shadow and the disturbance of the song are always like a thin layer of green veil; it is all so quiet, cold and green", these few words are a specific description of the water of the Qinhuai River on a summer night, which is obviously to compare it with the water of Hangzhou's West Lake, highlighting the characteristics of "cold" and "green".
Contrast is conducive to fully displaying the contradiction between the two things, highlighting the essential characteristics of the things to be expressed, and strengthening the artistic effect and appeal of the article, so the expression effect of the use of contrast techniques is to highlight the summer night Qinhuai River water to give people a quiet, cool feeling.
12． This question tests students' ability to appreciate the language of texts.
Appreciating language is usually appreciated from the perspective of rhetoric, sentence forms, words, expressions, and expression methods.
"Three weeping willows with two plants", "The little girl's shy look", "A few unknown old trees, standing in the light", etc., use colloquial language, easy to understand.
The word "swaying", writing the shadow of the weeping willow with the flow of water, writes out the dynamic beauty. "The branches are bathed in the moonlight, just like the arms of a beautiful person, interactively entangled, holding the words "bath, winding, pulling" in ", accurately using a series of verbs, the word "bath" not only writes the brightness of the moonlight, but also writes the softness of the weeping willow branches in the moonlight; "winding" and "pulling" accurately describe the characteristics of the willow branches, and the form is exquisite.
"Faint", "branch", "secret", "light", the use of multiple overlapping words, both lyrical color, but also has a musical beauty.
"Sneak a peek at us" and "have the appearance of a little girl who is shy", using anthropomorphic techniques, vividly and vividly write out the cute, shy, and shy situation of Yue'er. "Like the arms of a beautiful person" and "like the hair of the moon", using metaphors, he wrote out the beautiful and delicate characteristics of the branches. "Standing in the light" and "like an old man with a strong spirit", using metaphors and anthropomorphic techniques, describe the appearance and mental state of several other unknown old trees on the shore.