#Headline General Culture ##头条读书院 #
#教授开讲 #
Talking about adults becoming a family at Peking University (middle)
Tian Yongqing
(On the morning of April 5, 2003, in the Sunshine Hall of Yingjie Exchange Center of Peking University)
And then there's "Becoming a Talent."
The so-called talent means that college students have mastered a certain basic knowledge after studying in school, have a skill, and can contribute to the country, the people and society in the appropriate jobs, so that they can be said to be talents. Li Baishiyun "I was born to be useful." Of course, there are all kinds of talents, some are big talents, some are small talents, some are talents, some are Tang talents, some are generalists, some are specialized talents, some are all-rounders, some are partial talents, and there are also eccentrics, wizards, "ghost talents" and so on. Some teenagers are early and wise, and some are late in life. Some have become talents in this aspect, and some have become talents in that aspect.
The main task of college students is to learn knowledge and master skills, and only after completing their studies can they serve the motherland and serve the people. People learn and know, not born to know. If you want to become a talent and a great talent early, you must work hard, not only during your school years, but also prepare for a lifetime of hard struggle. As early as 2,000 years ago, Confucius once said: "I have five out of ten and am determined to learn, thirty and standing, forty and not confused, fifty and knowing the destiny of heaven, sixty and obedient, seventy and obedient to the heart, not excessive." Later, Old Master Meng also said: "Therefore, the heavens will descend upon the Si people, and they will first suffer their hearts, strain their bones, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and confuse their deeds, so they will be moved to endure and gain what they cannot do." It can be seen that hard work is the basic premise for a person to achieve his career, and it is the general law of talent growth. Of course, our current emphasis on hard work is by no means advocating that people live an ascetic life, nor is it a repetition of the past "three years of new, three years of old, three years of sewing and patching up." With the development of the times and practice, we must give new connotations, add new characteristics, and put forward new requirements for hard struggle, so that not only the spirit of hard struggle can accompany us for life, but also let the spirit of hard struggle walk with the times. The arduous struggle in the new era not only refers to the hardship and simplicity of life, but also emphasizes the new emancipation of the mind, the new pursuit of learning, the new advancement of work, and the new discovery of scientific research. What it reflects is a forward-looking attitude toward life, a revolutionary fighting spirit that is becoming more and more courageous, a spirit of forging ahead, a strong sense of distress, and a sacred sense of mission. Therefore, I think that college students in the new era should strive to do: they are not afraid of hardships in life, they are not afraid of hardships in study, and they are not afraid of hardships in work.
In the past, there was such a couplet: "Good reading is not good reading, good reading is not good reading." At first glance, the upper and lower couplets are exactly the same, but they are pronounced differently and have different meanings. This means that when you are young, it is a good time to study hard, but you are greedy and do not like to read; when you are older, you know that learning is important, you love to read, but your health is not good, your energy is not good, and you have lost the precious time to read well. This experience of the ancients is very profound. Some people say that the common problem of young people in the twenty-first century is impetuousness. Today's young people encounter too many temptations and face too many choices. This aspect may be a good thing, but if you are impetuous and eager to make quick gains, it is impossible to make great achievements and make great contributions. Without lofty ideals, without a strong will, without hard work, without long-term struggle, it is impossible to become an outstanding talent. To illustrate this, I'll tell you a few stories.
One story is that the great British writer George Bernard Shaw is diligent in learning, but never pays attention to life. Once, a big-bellied capitalist met George Bernard Shaw, pointed to his hat and said sarcastically: "Look at this broken hat on your head, can it be called a hat?" Shaw Bernard sneered, "Look at this head under your beautiful hat, can you call it a head?" ”
Einstein is a great scientist of the twentieth century, and we are familiar with the heroes of all walks of life, as long as we mention him, we cannot help but be convinced and bow to the wind. It is said that Einstein devoted himself to scientific research and never paid attention to his life. Before he became famous, he was persuaded: "Albert Einstein, you should dress appropriately." He said, "What's this, people don't know me anyway." After he became a world-famous scientist, someone advised him: "Albert Einstein, now you should dress appropriately." He said, "What's this, anyway, everyone knows me whenever I wear." "Einstein, there are also times when I am confused. Legend has it that he went out for a walk one day, thinking while walking. Think, think, think, and when you get to the end of the walk and get ready to go back, you can't find your own door. In fact, he was standing on a neighboring street, just a stone's throw away from the house. There was no way out, so he walked into the phone booth and dialed the office of the dean of the university research institute where he worked. Einstein said into the microphone, "Sir, trouble you, can you tell me where Einstein's family lives?" The dean's secretary answered the phone, and when he figured out that it was Einstein who was calling, he couldn't help but cover his mouth and laugh. You see, if there is no obsession, can you make a significant contribution to scientific research?
Tell the story of the British scientist Newton. Newton was admitted to Cambridge University at the age of 18, and due to his poor family, he could only work and study half-time, and in addition to studying, he also wore an apron every day and served in the canteen of teachers and students. He worked hard to stand out and invented calculus with Leibniz at the age of 22. Due to his excellent grades, he stayed on after graduation and spent 30 years of research and teaching at cambridge university. He discovered the law of universal gravitation and established the classical mechanical system, thus laying the foundation of modern physics. For a career in scientific research, Newton never married. Excessive physical and mental exertion led to his early birth at the age of thirty. He worked six days and six nights. Once, he invited a friend to dinner at his apartment, but he buried his head in the laboratory to do scientific research. Friends came, and the maid brought the meal to the table, but Newton was delayed. Friends couldn't wait and started to eat a chicken and leave the bones on the plate. After the friend left, Newton returned. He suddenly remembered inviting his friend to dinner, and hurried into the restaurant, only to see the chicken bones on the plate and the dishes on the table. He suddenly realized, laughed loudly, and said to himself, "I'm so confused!" I thought I hadn't eaten yet, but I had already eaten with my friends! ”
Tell the story of the French mathematician, astronomer and physicist Gauss. Gauss is said to be both very intelligent and extremely diligent. When he first went to elementary school, the teacher came up with an arithmetic problem: 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+......++100=? Gauss did not use such a stupid method at all, but his small head was crooked, his eyes blinked, and he got the number and came out, and immediately raised his hand to report to the teacher: the number is 5050. The teacher was very surprised to see that Gauss had calculated so quickly and the result was correct. The teacher asked, "Little Gauss, tell me about it, how did you figure it out?" Gauss replied: "This question looks very complicated, but it is actually very simple, the key is to be able to use your brain and find the trick." Specifically, I calculated it like this: from 1 to 100, a total of 100 numbers, these 100 numbers can be divided into two groups of 50 numbers, that is, the first number of positive numbers plus the first number of the penultimate number 1 + 100 = 101, the second number of positive numbers plus the second number of the penultimate number 2 + 99 = 101, and so on, that is, 101 * 50 = 5050. Turning complex additions into simple multiplications in this way is naturally both quick and accurate. The teachers and classmates listened and admired Gauss.
It's good for a person to be smart, but it's even more important to be diligent. Many years later, it is said that when Mrs. Gauss was critically ill, the maid went to ask Gauss to see, and for the first time he turned a deaf ear, concentrated on mathematical problems, did not react at all, and sat there motionless. When the maid called him a second time, he said, "I am thinking about a mathematical problem, please tell madame, don't take a breath, and wait until I have the answer." After another moment, Madame Gauss's heart stopped beating, and the maid ran up to him and shouted, "Mr. Gauss, your lady is dead, and you haven't come to see her yet, I've never seen anyone like you!" Gauss listened and said slowly, "Since Madame is dead, I won't go to see her." Because I went to see her, she didn't know anymore. After saying that, he began to think about his mathematical problems again.
The following is to tell the story of the mainland writer February River. When you think of February River, people will think of his Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong "Emperor Series" (also known as "Sunset Series") long historical novels. This set of thirteen volumes, more than five million words, can be described as a huge work, and it is bound to become a masterpiece. The TV series based on his novel of the same name has attracted the applause of hundreds of millions of viewers across the country after it became popular on CCTV. From the party and state leaders to the common people, many people like to watch his novels and films and television adaptations. His books have traveled all over the world, and wherever there are Chinese, there are his readers and audiences. One might ask: Which university graduated from February River? He must be a very smart man, right? February River and I are good friends who have been in a relationship for many years and have been very close, and I can tell you about his situation in a factual way.
To sum up, you can introduce February River in six words: the great writer, the old hat. First of all, he was by no means a particularly intelligent man. He stayed in the first grade of elementary school and the first grade of junior high school until he was twenty-one years old before graduating from high school. Some teachers said of him. It is "waste", "rice bucket", and even said that he is "garbage", in short, it is very difficult to hear, and it is judged that he will definitely not become a talent. So, in terms of academic qualifications, he was just a high school student who barely finished his career. In February, River joined the army in 1968 and came to the army as an engineer. As everyone knows, the engineer corps is a very difficult and dangerous branch of the People's Liberation Army. February River served as a soldier for ten and a half years, from a soldier to a company deputy instructor, and in 1978 he returned to nanyang city, Henan Province, where he originally joined the army. It should be said that joining the army was an important turning point in February River's life, and his ten-and-a-half-year military career was an important stage in his life. He had driven mountains, dug coal, shot eyes, let go of cannons, and done all kinds of dirty, tiring, difficult, and dangerous work. Once, there was a dangerous situation under the well five hundred meters deep, and I almost didn't take my life. In addition to the arduous and heavy labor, he deeply felt that his knowledge was poor, so he worked hard to be strong, loved books like his life, could not release the volume, seized the time, and desperately read and studied. He read history books such as the Twenty-Four Histories, the Records of History, and the Zizhi Tongjian, as well as a large number of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign literary masterpieces. There were many books he read in the bed with a flashlight after the company turned off the lights. Once he went to a bookstore near the station to read a book, from morning to noon, forgot to eat, forgot to rest, the administrator locked the door he did not know. In the afternoon, the family came to work and found that he was still reading there. Another time, he was fascinated by a book in his hand, and as he walked, he looked at it, and his toes touched a large rock, and the blood flowed so much that he didn't know it. He also made cards out of brown paper bags filled with cement and wrote down bundles of reading notes.
After February He transferred to Nanyang, he became an officer in the Propaganda Department of the Prefectural Party Committee, and the eldest official became the section chief, and he had no intention of pursuing a career after that. He originally had a special love for "Dream of the Red Chamber", read it dozens of times, and wrote some research articles. In August 1982, as a member of the Red Society, he participated in the Third National Symposium of the Red Society held in Shanghai. It was during the break of that meeting that some red scholars discussed the topic of Kangxi's reign of sixty-two years, and the great achievements of his life can be described as a magnificent and magnificent epic. He was a brilliant statesman, a great emperor. However, no one has written about Kangxi so far. At this time, February River jokingly came up with a sentence: "I will write!" At that time, people did not seem to take his "wild words" seriously, as if this young offspring, whose face was unfamiliar and unknown, did not take his "wild words" seriously. However, February River is not talking about playing, he will do it when he says it, and it must be done well. This topic that people talk about has indeed become the flashpoint of February River's creation of the "Emperor Series". Since then, relying on years of accumulation and tenacious perseverance, he has followed the creative principles of historical novels such as "big things are not vain, small things are not informal" and "do not seek truth, but there must be", and devoted himself to writing at a rate of one volume a year and more than 300,000 words, and forcefully presented the historical picture of the 134 years of the Qing Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong periods that were both unprecedentedly brilliant and about to decline in front of the world.
Easier said than done, February River is very hard to write and tired. On a cold winter night, he wrote that at two or three o'clock in the morning, he was really sleepy, so he burned his arm with a cigarette butt. During the sweltering summer season, he writes by placing his legs in a bucket under his desk to feel slightly cooler and prevent mosquito bites. When writing the first volume of the Kangxi Emperor, he got a "ghost shaved head" due to overwork. His young daughter climbed on top of him, stroked his head and said, "This piece is like Nicaragua, this piece is like Sumatra, this piece is like the Ryukyu Islands." In this way, in the basin of Nanyang, he read, thought, and wrote for nearly twenty years, during which time he basically never left that place.
February River became a great writer, but he was still so generous, so simple, so indifferent. He didn't look like a personable writer, but like an old peasant who was a servant of the wind. He is as famous in life as he is in writing, and he is also talked about. When the Yellow River Publishing House in Henan decided to publish the first volume of his Kangxi Emperor, the president invited him to a restaurant in Zhengzhou for dinner, and the society first went to the hotel to wait for him. February River, who had arrived, was wearing a white shirt, but it had been too long to wash it, and it looked dirty. What was even more ridiculous was that he was still wearing the liberation shoes of the army, and his toes were exposed, so he temporarily found a piece of white tape to paste his toes. The waiter asked him what he was doing, and he said that someone had invited him to dinner, and they didn't believe him, but then the president came out and welcomed him in. Another time, he went to visit an old classmate who was the secretary of the county party committee, and the old man who guarded the communication room thought that he was a countryman who had come to petition, so he said that he would not let him in. There was really no way, he had to use cigarette paper to make a homemade business card and hand it in, so that he could see the former classmate. Last winter, he was invited to Xi'an TV station to do a show, and the host and camera saw that he was not wearing socks, as if he had made a major discovery, and specially took a close-up shot and subtitled him, calling him "a big writer who does not wear socks." "February River has never been on a plane or abroad. At the end of last year, he was invited to give a lecture in Malaysia. This time, he put on his socks, but still wore cloth shoes, and the local newspaper called him a "great writer who wears cloth shoes.".
Many people have asked February River: You are just a high school student, a grassroots demobilized cadre in the army, where did you get your knowledge? How was your long historical novel written? In November and February last year, When He came to Beijing to attend the 16th Party Congress, I heard the famous film director Chen Kaige and his wife Chen Hong ask him similar questions. February River basically replied: I have some talent, but not big, if I am talented, how can I repeat the grade three times! I love literature and history, and my intelligence is at most at the middle and upper levels; I have encountered good luck, at the critical moment of my life, there are always people who come out to help me, reform and opening up has provided me with a more relaxed creative environment, and the Qing history novels are relatively unpopular, many people are interested and willing to read; the most important thing is that I rely on strength, I think that no matter how stupid a person is, as long as he looks for one thing, he will do it for more than ten hours a day, so that if he insists on twenty years, he will always make something. I would like to summarize this passage of February River into a simple formula, that is: fame = talent + luck + strength.
After telling the stories of the above characters, I would like to briefly talk about the type of talent and the knowledge structure. Some experts specializing in the study of talents divide talents into four types: the first is the "one" type of talent, although the knowledge of this kind of talent is relatively wide, but lacks in-depth research and innovation; the second is the "1" type of talent, which has a relatively deep research in a certain professional field, but the knowledge is too narrow, it is difficult to integrate all kinds of knowledge for creative research; the third is the "T" type of talent, which not only has relatively wide knowledge, but also has relatively in-depth research in a certain field. But their weakness is that they cannot be sharp and innovative; the fourth is the "ten- and"zigzag talents", who have a wide range of knowledge and more in-depth research in some fields, and more importantly, they dare to take the lead, stand out, and innovate.
Peking University is the highest university and is a typical comprehensive university, of which the liberal arts and sciences are the most prominent. Therefore, Peking University students must not only have the breadth of knowledge, but also the depth of knowledge, but also have the courage to innovate and dare to take the lead, and should try their best to cultivate themselves into "ten" type talents.
At present, some college students have too narrow a knowledge scope, and some college students who study liberal arts have not completely read the four classic literary masterpieces of the mainland. How can this work? Chairman Mao once said that whoever does not seriously read several masterpieces of classical Chinese literature is not a true Chinese! Some female college students who study drama and film and television are not reading a lot of books and practicing diligently, but are only interested in two homework, one is "packaging" and the other is "makeup". In the professional group competition of the National Young Singers Grand Prix held by CCTV last year, some young female singers had beautiful faces and sweet singing voices, but in the face of relatively simple cultural quality examination questions, they were either stunned or answered questions that were not asked, which was really disappointing. A question asked: "There is a writer from Zhejiang who created "Lin Jia Puzi" and served as the first minister of culture of New China. What are some of the masterpieces? The answer actually mistaked Mao Dun for Lao She, and the representative made it from "Midnight" to "Tea House". What is even more ridiculous is that there is also a female singer, who is said to be an undergraduate student or a music teacher, facing such a fill-in-the-blank question: one day does not see, □□□□; the world is worried and worried, □□□□□□□; there is Rong Naida, □□□□. Of the three fill-in-the-blank questions, she didn't answer any of them correctly. For the first fill-in-the-blank question "A day is not seen, □□□□", many people know that they should fill in "such as three autumns", which is probably learned in the junior high school Chinese textbook, and the female singer answered such three words: "I miss you!" "It's so wrong, it's ridiculous.
Peking University students have high comprehensive quality, wide knowledge, are welcomed by the society, work is easy to find, the supply is in short supply, it can be said that "the emperor's daughter does not worry about marrying", and the success rate is high. But not everyone can become a great talent, a talent, that is not necessarily. Elite universities may also produce mediocre talents, ordinary universities may also produce talents, even those who have not attended college may become outstanding talents in some aspects, such as the February River I mentioned earlier, can you say that he is not a talent?
In recent years, higher education in the mainland has developed relatively fast, and more and more college graduates have been given. Some people joke that now "bachelors are everywhere, masters are everywhere, and doctors can still shake for the time being." Others say, "Some bachelors do not learn, masters do not master's degrees, doctors do not have doctorates, and graduate students are worth studying!" Some people's diplomas have moisture, low gold content, somehow engaged, in a few years from college students to postdocs, it is really as the people say" eyes blink, sparrows become ducks." Bacon said that knowledge is power. In fact, knowledge can only become power if it is transformed into ability. It was a mule or a horse, and I had to pull it out for a walk. After graduating from college, the most important thing is to see how good you are at finding and solving problems, which is the so-called "look at academic qualifications before entering the door, and look at the ability after entering the door". We often talk about "thirty and standing", if you don't have real talent and practical learning, it is an empty bag, how can you stand up?
A leading comrade once said that college graduates have three kinds of development prospects: some may become talented people, some may become mediocre people, and some may become unscrupulous people. A story in ancient mainland China says that for three generations of a family, the grandfather is a champion, the father does not learn no technique, the chest has no ink, and the grandson is very contentious, and he is also a champion. Grandpa said to his father, "Your son is so old and a champion, you should also strengthen your studies and be like a father." The father said unhappily: "You are old, don't keep nagging, my son is better than your son!" The grandson said to his father, "Our grandchildren are all champions, and you should also do a good job." The father listened to the fire and said, "What qualifications do you have to teach me?" My father is better than your father! "You can see how ridiculous this father is, he doesn't like words, not only does he not think of making progress, but he has a good word." The back wave of the Yangtze River pushes the front wave, and each generation is stronger than the next", which is the inevitable law of social development. Of course, this is said in general, and as for whether one generation is stronger than the next, individually, it is not necessarily. I hope that the students present here will become talented early, become more talented, become great talents, try as many students as possible to become talents, try to have as few students as mediocre as possible, and it is best not to appear unscrupulous people. (To be continued)
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#Zhijia Culture ##秘书长读书 #
Editor: Xinhong, Baijiang Culture and Arts Center
The plaque is a unique folk culture of the Chinese national tradition. It is a sign hanging in the halls, pavilions, courtyards, gardens, hotels, hotels, shops and other units. The plaque is an indispensable part of all kinds of buildings, its meaning is equivalent to the eye of the building, it is to inform the name and purpose of the building, and it is also a business card for publicity. Shusheng Wang Xizhi is China's most famous and accomplished calligrapher, and a general. The brush used today was pioneered by the general Meng Tian of the Qin Dynasty who supervised the construction of the Great Wall. The Hundred Generals Culture and Arts Center can invite general calligraphers and celebrity calligraphers to jointly inscription poem inscription plaques and PEN exhibitions. Invite military celebrities and professors to give lectures.