A "Klein bottle" is a mathematical model that represents a closed surface that has no boundaries. In layman's terms, it has only one face, which is both the inner surface and the outer surface, and the inner surface is connected to the outer surface. We actually have a glass product that can barely show this concept, see the picture below, it looks like the bottleneck is stretched, and then through the bottle, and connected to the bottom of the circle. Suppose an ant crawls on a glass bottle, and it can crawl directly from the outer surface to the inner surface.
Part-by-part production
This kind of Klein bottle glass ornaments, sold quite a lot, the production is temporarily made by hand blowing, there is no way to mass-produce by the machine. There are two kinds of production methods, the overall is similar, only some of the details are different. Looking for a picture of klein's bottle, I painted different colors and made a decomposition diagram, which was "first made of the bottle body, then the inner tank, and finally the ear".
The bottle is connected to the inner tank
The first production method I introduced all a little. First of all, the bottle body is a flask, which is easy to blow into, too. The first technical difficulty is to use the fire to roast the bottom of the flask, and then continue to blow the bottle tube, which will produce a glass bubble. After removing this bubble, an opening is formed at the bottom to facilitate our connection to the inner tank.
Burn the bottom of this open bottle with a fire to make a whole side, and put the curved inner tank parts that were prepared in advance to try the size.
Once at the correct angle, place the inner bladder bends in the bottle and continue to bake together.
Then use the same method, burn the top of the inner tank and then blow a breath, and then remove a small bag on the bottle, and the top of the inner tank is transparently connected to the bottle body
The entire side of the inner tank
Now that the inner tank is running through the bottle, we continue to use the fire to make a micro-shape on the tool, modify the hole, and make it round.
Then burn off the extra part of the test tube (excess inner tank) at the bottom of the glass bottle.
Also on the tool, get rounded bottom openings.
Looking at the shape now, the inner tank has been completely unobstructed into the bottle.
The ear is connected to the bottle
In order to facilitate the next step, we must first glue a grip on the bottom of the bottle. This is a glass tube, but because it was added later, it can also be easily removed in the end, which is very suitable for crossing the river and demolishing the bridge, without affecting the overall situation.
Now, we just need to put the ear to the bottle and do it ~ before the position.
After removing the head and neck of the bottle, we first burned the ear and connected it to the permeable mouth at the upper end of the inner tank.
Carefully adjust the position with the tool, and then glue the ear and the head and neck of the bottle together.
Finally, the bird hid with his bow and removed the grip handle that had been attached to the previous adhesion, and it was done!
The second method of manufacturing
The next approach is to benefit from the "Beauty of Glass: Craftsman Competition" program that I have watched before, and the strange tricks around the world are simply the masters playing with a variety of glass. In the article "What is the beautiful stained glass in the church made?" There is also a little introduction in it. The craftsmanship of one of the craftsmen, combined with other videos of the method I found, completed the second method.
For example, to make this kind of permeable hole, you can directly pull out some after this small part is burned, and then expand the shape! In this way, there is no need for the internal part to have an opening at one end, and the ventilation can be formed by blowing and cutting. This is really knowledge that can only be obtained in practice, and it is impossible to know how easy it can be without thinking about it.
This is a part of a domestic manufacturer to produce videos. People directly burn the head and neck of the flask to soften, and then bend it to make ears. My speculation is that the combination of first using the above method of burning and melting to make the inner tank hole in advance, and then inserting the curved ear, this combination will save a lot of effort.
The back is also a hand grip handle, where the material is not glass, directly soft plug like the card into the grip of the bottle, just need to glue the ear on the bottle body. Although it is a few details, I feel that this method can still save a few processes, and the province is to earn ah, friends, we are worthy of being a manufacturing power!
Wait a minute! Xiaobian also has something to say...
Since this inner surface is the outer surface, if you want to show the particularity and ornamentality of the Klein bottle ornaments, the merchants will habitually fill it with all kinds of liquids, and there are many tricks... This kind of filling the Klein bottle with liquid, using the conventional irrigation method is more troublesome, so the merchant will send you an extra syringe when delivering, let the buyer first stuff a rubber hose into the glass bottle, and then push the syringe to what fluorescent liquid, instantly dazzling!
Proofreader: Cast + Jiang Xiao funeral
Screenshot: Yang Brother
文中 Gif 截取自 YouTube 博主 RV Glass 的 《Making a Klein Bottle pt 4/5》和《Making a Klein Bottle pt 5/5》、University of Leicester News Centre 的 《Gayle Price Scientific Glassblower University of Leicester》、4D Klein Bottle 的 《Klein bottles Production Highlights and Demos》、Kevin Gittemeier 的 《How To Fill a Klein Bottle The Easy Way》、Adam Savage’s Tested 的 《Adam Savage Explains M bius Strips and Klein Bottles!》以及我的灵魂涂色
The reproduced content represents the views of the author only
Does not represent the position of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Source: Fun Manufacturing
Original title: Nerve-wracking... How did the Klein bottle, a glass bottle, blown | out? Interesting manufacturing
Edit: Herding fish