Scenes from the founding ceremony
Mao Zedong wore tweed clothes, tweed pants and microphones at the founding ceremony
On October 1, 1949, 300,000 soldiers and civilians in the capital Beijing held a grand founding ceremony in Tiananmen Square. The Communist Party of China and the people of Chinese solemnly declared to the world with heroic and tenacious struggle that the people of the Chinese have since stood up, that the era when the Chinese nation was slaughtered by others and bullied is gone, and that China's development has since opened a new era.
In order to focus on the grand opening ceremony, the History Exhibition Hall of the Communist Party of China specially designed the scene of the "Founding Ceremony". Stepping into the exhibition hall, the huge screen in front of you plays the precious "Original Image of the Founding Ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China". This 12-minute video archive, edited and produced by the Central Archives in 2019 based on color films provided by the archives department of the Russian Federation, is the longest and most complete video of the founding ceremony currently published, while the images previously preserved in The country were only black and white. Above the exhibition hall hangs the Dahong Palace lamp, which was copied in the style of the Tiananmen Gate Tower, on the left side displays national first-class cultural relics such as tweed clothes, tweed pants and microphones worn by Mao Zedong at the founding ceremony, and on the right side shows the first five-star red flag of the People's Republic of China, the national emblem of the People's Republic of China, and the national anthem of the People's Republic of China raised by Mao Zedong himself by pressing the electric button.
Next to the historical photos of the founding ceremony, there is the same yellow-green general's tunic Zhongshan suit as Mao Zedong in the photo. According to the recollections of the relatives of the parties, the uniform was specially made for Mao Zedong to participate in the ceremony by Wangfujing's tailor-made by Wangfujing's tailor-made master Wang Ziqing with the US military cloth captured in the army material warehouse, and a total of 3 sets of the same style were made. After the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea in 1953, because the central leaders no longer wore uniforms and uniforms, Mao Zedong gave them as a personal gift to Li Yinqiao, the head of the guard, and Sun Yong, the deputy guard, 1 set. After several turns, the three sets of uniforms were collected and exhibited by the Tianjin Municipal History Museum (now Tianjin Museum), the Hunan Red Archives, and the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall and have been preserved to this day. The chest of the uniform is pinned with a red dovetail strip with the gilded word "Chairman". This unique representative certificate was designed and produced by Zhou Enlai instructing the calligrapher Zhong Ling. Zhong Ling was also responsible for designing and arranging the ceremony venue, and was also the designer and writer of the two slogans on the upper floor of Tiananmen Square.
Next to the uniform, there are diamond-shaped microphones and framed marble charcoal microphones used in ceremonies. Since there was no wireless transmission technology in China at that time, the sound on the city floor could only be amplified through microphones and speakers, and then broadcast live through the radio station.com. In order to make the sound on the rostrum clearly heard throughout the square, the Tiananmen Tower and square installed a number of groups of "nine-headed birds" large amplifiers designed and produced by technical expert Fu Yinghao, welding 9 horns on a metal plate, three in a row, divided into three rows, forming a powerful volume. In order to expand the effect, there are also amplification stations in Dongdan and Liubukou. In this way, the sound of the founding of New China was transmitted through the powerful radio waves of The Beijing Xinhua Radio (the predecessor of the Central People's Radio) throughout the country and to the whole world.
At 3 p.m. on October 1, 1949, Lin Boqu, Secretary General of the Central People's Government Committee, announced the opening of the ceremony. Mao Zedong solemnly declared: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established today. The military band played the national anthem "March of the Volunteer Army", and the five-star red flag was raised. The 54 salutes on the square sounded 28 in unison, symbolizing the 28-year glorious course of the CPC leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to struggle in blood. At 4:35 p.m., the parade began. Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, accompanied by Nie Rongzhen, commander-in-chief of the parade, took an open-top car to inspect the troops under parade by the army, navy and air force. The military parade lasted for nearly 3 hours until it was late, chang'an Avenue was illuminated, and the marching crowd held aloft the red flag and red lights, "Long live the People's Republic of China!" "Long live Chairman Mao!" The slogan resounded through the air. On the upper floor of Tiananmen Square, Mao Zedong kept waving to the crowd and shouted excitedly: "Long live the comrades!" "Long live the people!" In the square, people were full of enthusiasm, singing and dancing, celebrating the first night of New China.
On December 2, 1949, the Fourth Session of the Central People's Government Committee adopted the Resolution on the National Day of the People's Republic of China, which, since 1950, has been the National Day of the People's Republic of China on October 1 of each year, the great day of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The founding ceremony announced the founding of New China and is a historical memory that the Chinese people will cherish forever. Today, New China has gone through more than 70 years of development and achieved a great leap from standing up to getting rich and then becoming strong. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, the "China" giant ship will surely sail towards the second centenary goal of comprehensively building a socialist modern power.
(Contributed by the Exhibition Hall of the History of the Communist Party of China)