I personally believe that the study of the Xia Dynasty is actually full of helplessness, because the sites found at the same time as the Xia Dynasty have not unearthed large-scale written records like the Yin Shang Oracle, so we can only look for answers from many pottery from the Longshan culture period - for the study of ancient history, the combination of pottery and artifacts, including the ornamentation of pottery, is an important symbol for judging the genus of the site, of course, this classification study is undoubtedly tedious and difficult to understand relative to ordinary people. So here I will explain it in plain language: this truth is like today's southerners like to eat rice, northerners like to eat noodles, eat rice (rice soup, porridge) need small pots to cook, eat pasta (steamed bread) need cage steamers, different habits in different places. The Yongsan culture era, which was placed 4,000 years ago, was based on the different habits of each tribe, and the artifacts left behind were naturally different. Therefore, today we rely on the style and combination characteristics of these artifacts and the distribution of the place of origin, so as to judge the living range of each tribe, and then combine the historical records to find out the distribution of the xia dynasty's large sect - the Xia hou clan, and finally restore the true appearance of the mysterious dynasty of Xia.
Ruins of the capital of the Yin Shang Dynasty.
Proof of the existence of the Shang Dynasty is thanks to the Oracle.
Some people say that at present, no cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty have been excavated, and no ruins of the Xia Dynasty have been found. In fact, this sentence is not entirely true, in recent decades of archaeological excavations, many sites of the late Longshan culture and the early Erlitou culture that coincided with the Xia Dynasty have been excavated, and most of them are concentrated in central Henan and southern Shanxi - which undoubtedly coincides with the central region of the Xia Dynasty recorded in history. The archaeological phenomena presented in some Longshan cultural sites are even completely consistent with the historical facts related to the Xia Dynasty and the Xia Dynasty before the Xia Dynasty in the history books.
Da Yu Zhi Shui.
The "Seven Years of Zuo Chuan and The Seventh Year of the Duke of Lai" records: "The princes of Yuhui are in Tushan, and those who hold the jade veil are all nations. The meaning expressed in this passage is that Dayu (姒文命) gathered the princes at tushan and held a jade veil in his hand to sacrifice to the heavens. There is no doubt that this congress is nominally a sacrifice to the heavens, but in fact it is a conference in which various tribal states pledge allegiance to the Xia Hou clan, and it can be said that this Tushan conference outlined the prototype of the Xia Dynasty.
Xia Dynasty Bronze Lord.
Xia Dynasty seven-hole large jade sword.
Large-scale remnants of the late Longshan culture have been found in the southern foothills of Tushan Mountain in Bengbu City, Anhui Province, and in Yuhui Village, Qinji Town, Yuhui District, on the east bank of the Huai River, including a large number of sacrificial sites. More remarkably, the pottery excavated from the site contains typical artifacts of the Longshan culture in Henan, the Longshan culture in Shanxi, the Shijiahe culture, and even the Liangzhu culture. This place is called Yuhui Village, the various cultural factors in the site are very rich, and there are a large number of sacrificial sites, which cannot but be associated with Yuhui Tushan, or it can be said that the ruins of Yuhui Village are the reflection of Yuhui Tushan in archaeology.
pottery.
Yu Zheng Sanmiao is an ancient Chinese era, more than 4,000 years ago, the Northern Huaxia Tribal Alliance, under the leadership of Yu, and the Southern Sanmiao Tribal Alliance fought a large-scale war for slaves and living space. After the end of this war, the Yao Shunyu forces in the Central Plains completely subdued the Sanmiao forces in the south, and the situation in the land of Huaxia was changed from a three-legged stand (Huaxia Dongyi Sanmiao) to an east-west struggle (Huaxia Dongyi). In today's southern Henan and Hubei regions, the tombs of the late Shijiahe culture and the second phase of the Qujialing culture have the elements of the Central Plains Longshan culture, and the inhabitants of these ancient sites are still the descendants of the ancestors of the Qujialing culture and the Shijiahe culture, and many of the ancient city walls of the late Shijiahe culture have been torn down, and the conquerors have torn down the walls of the conquered. These archaeological phenomena are consistent with the records in the history books, although we have not found any texts that can be interpreted, but these site phenomena have completely proved the records in the history books.
The War of the Xia Dynasty.
"Book Yu Gong": "Yu Xi Xuan Gui, the victory of the rebellion." In the Xia Dynasty, Xuan Gui represented the royal power of one of the princes, and Shun gave Xuan Gui to Yu, effectively completing the division of Yu. This kind of Yao Shunyu and Xia Dynasty jade has been excavated throughout the country, which means that more than 4,000 years ago, the area affected by Xia Li was not only in the Yellow River Valley. And the spread of the Xia Li must be supported by a strong cultural regime.
This Longshan culture is similar to Xuan Gui.
The large prehistoric city sites found in today's Shanxi region of Henan are actually more than erlitou sites. For example, Henan Xinmi Ancient City Zhailongshan Cultural City Wall Ruins, Dengfeng Wangchenggang Ruins, Shanxi Xia County Ruins, Eastern Zhao Ruins, New Zhengwangjinglou Ruins, Tao Temple Ruins, Northern Shaanxi Shidi Ruins and so on. Although no Xia Dynasty script has been found at present, we can judge based on the sites and cultural relics and historical records that have been discovered, and these evidences can fully confirm the existence of the Xia Dynasty.
The iconic artifact of the Xia Dynasty, the bronze turquoise plaque.
I paid special attention to the current discussion about Xia Dai on the Internet. As an ordinary student, I think it is quite disappointing, many netizens for the Xia Dynasty controversy will often have a very serious regional color and anti-authority flavor, and even for these at all costs, at the expense of anti-intellectual, no nonsense. You say that other experts are talking nonsense, then please come up with evidence to prove your own point of view, for the proof and discussion of history is not whoever is louder is right, that is to talk about actual evidence.