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1. Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley civilization, also known as the Harappan civilization, is located in present-day Pakistan. As can be seen from the ancient town ruins of Mohentaro, it is well-equipped and has the world's first urban "health system". And there is evidence that mathematics, engineering, etc. here are also very advanced. By 1500 BC, the Indus Valley civilization had been abandoned, possibly because of the invasion of Indo-European tribes or the destruction of agriculture caused by climate change, and humanity could not continue to survive.
2. Kingdom of Khmer
The Khmer Kingdom was once one of the most powerful kingdoms in Southeast Asia, stretching from present-day Cambodia to Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Burma and Malaysia. Since no written records have been left, the world's understanding of it has been pieced together little by little through archaeological discoveries. The Khmer Kingdom embraced Hinduism and Buddhism and built complex temples, stupas and other buildings, the most famous of which was Angkor Wat. Foreign invasions, plagues, food supplies, royal struggles, etc. may have contributed to the eventual decline of this civilization.
3. Anasazi civilization
Anasazi is the modern name for the ancient Pueblo people, who once lived on the border of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado. They are best known for their stone and adobe buildings along cliffs. The Ancient Webrods left their homeland for some reason in the 12th and 13th centuries. Many experts and modern Pueblo people say deforestation and drought have led to infighting and war among the ancient Pueblo people, who have been forced to flee their homes and migrate elsewhere.
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4. Olmec civilization
Located in south-central Mexico, the Olmec civilization is known for its "megalithic images", the act of human sacrifice, it also created the concept of zero, and may have been the first civilization in the Western Hemisphere to have a writing system. The Olmec civilization emerged around 1500 BC and was not "discovered" by historians until the mid-19th century. Its decline is thought to be related to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, or the destruction of agricultural systems.
5. Axum Dynasty
The Axum dynasty formed around the 14th century BC and controlled northeast Africa, including Ethiopia. The Axum dynasty had its own alphabet and giant obelisk towers that towered straight, of which the Axum Obelisk still stands in place. The reasons for the decline of the dynasty vary from some to the economic isolation due to its expansion, to the decline of the dynasty due to foreign invasions or climate change.
6. Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization on the Greek island of Maruret formed about 7,000 years ago and reached its peak in 1600 BC. It is very prosperous, and despite a series of natural disasters, many large palaces have been rebuilt, including the Palace of Knossos, which is now an important archaeological site and tourist attraction. An unknown catastrophe in 1450 BC finally led to the decline of the Minoan civilization.
7. Nabataean civilization
The Gunabataeans, who began occupying southern Jordan in the 6th century BC, are remembered by posterity for their superb hydraulic engineering skills that helped them grow and thrive in this arid desert region. Around the 4th century, the Nabataeans left for some reason. It has been suggested that after centuries of foreign rule, the Nabataean civilization gradually disappeared, and the Nabataean land converted to Christianity before it was completely occupied by Arab invaders.
8. Mycenaean civilization
The Greek Mycenaean civilization reached its peak around the time of the fall of the Minoan civilization. This culturally advanced and economically rich civilized society has left a large number of works of art, ancient buildings and cultural relics to future generations. Why did the Mycenaean civilization perish? Most experts believe that either foreign invasions or internal conflicts have led to the decline of this once-flourishing civilization.
9. Moche civilization
The Moche civilization developed on the basis of agriculture, building spectacular palaces, pyramids and complex irrigation channels along the northern coast of Peru. There are many theories about how this civilization disappeared, one of which is that due to the extreme climate model of El Niño, floods and droughts alternated and caused it to decline. Perhaps this explains why the Moche civilization sacrificed such bloody acts as human sacrifices to the gods.
10. Clovis Civilization
The Clovis are considered the first inhabitants of North America, named after the iconic "Clovis Stone Spear," which dates back 13,000 years. The Clovis disappeared very suddenly. Some speculate that overhunting, climate change, disease and predators are responsible for their mass deaths. Others argue that the Clovis did not completely disappear, but simply integrated into other groups.