<dl>
<dd>
<h3>Introduction: Technological development and film diversification</h3>
In the past four decades, technology has improved, from video to DVD, from Blu-ray to streaming, movies have achieved family and replicability, and movies have a sense of crisis, but they have not shaken the prosperity of the film industry itself. The experience of going to a cinema to watch a movie with a group of people is irreplaceable and unshakable.
In the past four decades, the box office record of movies has been continuously refreshed, with the first film in the history of cinema to break the box office of 100 million yuan, the astronomical box office of nearly three billion US dollars in the world for a single film, and then the series of films with a total box office of more than 7 billion US dollars. The film industry began to realize the globalization of capital, and the total global box office increased from billions of dollars to 37.5 billion US dollars, although it was surpassed by the game industry and became the second most profitable industry in the global entertainment industry.
</dd>
<h3>1975: The first film with a box office of more than 100 million yuan is born</h3>
On June 20 of that year, a thriller "Jaws" without any big stars, abandoning the old model of the previous big city release after-view effects, was innovatively released in more than 400 theaters in the United States, becoming the first film in the history of film distribution to use the concept of "mass release" and succeed.
Despite the severe overrun, Jaws, which cost $12 million, became the first film in history to gross more than $100 million, grossing $470 million worldwide, a record that was set two years later by Star Wars, the first film to be made by Industrail Light & Magic, founded in 1975. The advent of films such as "Jaws" and "Star Wars" heralded the advent of the era of "high concept" of film blockbusters.
<h3>1976: "Taxi Driver" outside the wall</h3>
Taxi Driver created a unique artistic "New Hollywood Film", which won the Cannes Palme d'Or in May of that year. Robert De Niro has left a fascinating image of a confused youth for film history. The role of the young prostitute played by Judy Foster, who was only 12 years old at the time, was also extremely glorious and became the starting point of her film career. John Hinckley, a young man who was madly obsessed with Judy Foster because he watched the film, in order to attract her attention, actually assassinated then US President Ronald Reagan four years later, shocking the world. Martin Scorsese entered the ranks of mainstream Hollywood directors, but Hollywood did not recognize it.
When the annual Oscars were out of the blue, Scorsese wasn't even nominated for Best Director. But this realistic classic has transcended the shackles of time and space and has endured for a long time, and each film has ranked at the top of the best film in film history.
<h3>1977: The first year of Star Wars</h3>
Before becoming the most profitable and well-known series on earth, Star Wars was almost treated as a joke, and even the film's funder, 20th Century Fox, had only president Alan Ladd II and Spielberg to support George Lucas, a cutting-edge director who was still losing money on the previous film. On May 25 of that year, "Star Wars" was released, and the people who watched the jokes dropped their jaws: the global box office was as high as 800 million US dollars!
Its greatest contribution to film history is to redefine the sound and picture standards of space science fiction films, such as the use of miniature models and motion control photography techniques, as well as refreshing and imaginative spaceship and space graphics. The THX technology, first used in Star Wars Episode III: Return of the Jedi, became a certification standard for film surround sound, greatly improving the sound and picture experience of watching movies.
<h3>1978: "Deer Hunter" tears apart The Wounds of the United States</h3>
In 1978, three years after the end of the Vietnam War, the subject matter was still a forbidden area because the war was so damaging to americans physically and mentally. Before Christmas this year, the release of "Deer Hunter" can be described as a stone-shattering, tearing open the wounds that Americans did not want to open. "Deer Hunter" was the first film to reflect the devastation of human nature in the Vietnam War, and in the years that followed, the subject of the Vietnam War became the "scar literature" of the United States, and hundreds of movies appeared.
However, as the originator of the mountain, "Deer Hunter" is still the best, most well-known and most meaningful one. The addition of robert De Niro, Meryl Streep and other outstanding actors also achieved the high standard and classic of the film, and at the Academy Awards of that year, the film won five awards, including best picture, laying the historical status of the "first film of the Vietnam War".
<h3>1979: "Tin Drum" is released</h3>
In the mid-1970s, the "New German Film Movement" reached its peak, with four directors, Werner Herzog, Volko Schlöndorff, Reiner Werner Fassbinder and Wim Wenders. Among them, Schrondorff's 1979 "Tin Drum" became one of the masterpieces, which attacked and exposed the evil of the Nazis through the perspective of a dwarf child, becoming one of the most famous anti-Nazi films in the history of cinema, with profound meaning and full of black humor.
The film was the most iconic film in the world in 1979, not only winning the Palme d'Or in Cannes, but also winning the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film the following year (the actor in the film is called the "Oscar"). Because of the film's influence, it was also very successful commercially, the highest-grossing film in the "New German Film".
<h3>1980: The Kramers are a hit</h3>
Family ethics films began to flourish. In February 1980, "Mr. and Mrs. Kramer" won five Oscars for best picture, director, actor, supporting actress, and adapted screenplay, which reflected the problem of single-parent families after the rise of female consciousness, both serious and humorous, Dustin Hoffman and Meryl Streep, two acting gods, contributed classic natural and vivid performances.
Another film released in 1980, "Ordinary People", the directorial debut of the famous actor Robert Redford, tells the story of a middle-class family that cannot communicate, and the film resonates strongly with the majority of Americans, becoming the big winner of the Oscars the following year. Family ethics films have gradually become the representative genre of the early 1980s, and famous films also include "Golden Pond", "Sweet and Sour Mother-Daughter Meeting", "Mother-Daughter Love" and so on.
<h3>1981: Heaven's Gates is a total defeat</h3>
Since the unprecedented success of "Deer Hunter" in 1978, director Michael Simino has spent 36 million yuan to shoot the epic blockbuster "Heaven's Gate" that reflects the history of Wyoming in the united states at the end of the nineteenth century, but the lengthy 325-minute film eventually recovered just over $4 million at the box office.
This fiasco not only made Simino slump from then on, but also five years later, a new work came out, but also directly led to the collapse of Lianmei, one of the old eight film companies in Hollywood, becoming the first company in the old "Big Eight" to go bankrupt. Later, Lianmei was purchased by MGM boss K. Kekrian and renamed MGM-Lianmei. The lesson of "Heaven's Gate" made Hollywood studios begin to limit the scale of blockbusters, and multi-party cooperation in production and risk sharing began to become the mainstream of film investment.
<h3>1982: Reiner Fassbinder dies</h3>
On June 10, 1982, the famous German director Reiner Werner Fassbinder was found dead at home by his cohabiting girlfriend at the age of 37. The causes of death were overloaded work and a erosive uncontrolled lifestyle, chronic devastation of drugs and medicines. Fassbinder produced an astonishingly high number of films in the 17 years from 1965 to 1982, and won numerous awards, the number of works and awards equivalent to the sum of the other three Werner Herzog, Volko Schlöndorff and Wim Wenders of the "Four Masters of the New German Film Movement".
The "New German Film Movement" was launched at the Obermaeussen Film Festival in 1962 and gradually entered the best place in the mid-to-late 1970s, becoming one of the most well-known art movements in the history of cinema. Since Fassbinder has been called "the heart of the New German Film Movement", his death also made the "New German Film Movement" a historical term.
<h3>1983: Winner of the Palme d'Or</h3>
In the 1980s, the Japanese film industry began to recover, the theme was diversified, and the veterans were also extremely brave and brave, occupying a place in the international film world. In May 1983, following Akira Kurosawa's "Shadow Warrior" three years earlier, Japanese veteran director Masahira Imamura won the Palme d'Or at the 36th Cannes Film Festival for his calm and full of vitality. Prior to this, Masahira Imamura, who had long been famous in the Japanese film industry, was almost shooting documentaries and cultivating film newcomers throughout the 1970s, and "Kaiyama Festival Examination" was his return work.
This edition of the Cannes Film Festival is the world of Japanese cinema, and the theme poster pays tribute to the oriental samurai image of Akira Kurosawa's films. What is remarkable is that 14 years later, in 1997, Masahira Imamura went down to the Palme d'Or with "Eel", becoming the only non-European and American director to win the Palme d'Or twice.
<h3>1984: Once Upon a Time in America suffers a double defeat</h3>
In June of that year, "Once Upon a Time in America" was released on a large scale in the United States, which was the finale of the "American Trilogy" of the famous Italian director Sergio Leone after "Once Upon a Time in the West" and "Once Upon a Time in the Revolution". However, because the film was forcibly cut to 139 minutes, resulting in a rather chaotic structure, after the release, not only was the critics scolding, but also the box office was a fiasco, and the film only won an award for best foreign language film in Japan.
Leone never made a film and died depressed. However, the film's photography, soundtrack, art, costumes, etc. have always been talked about by fans, especially the section where Debra dances in the warehouse, which has become a classic scene in film history. In 2012, under scorsese's work, the 269-minute version of Once Upon a Time in America, which was re-edited according to Leone's original wishes, appeared in Cannes, allowing the classics of this classic to be reborn.
<h3>1985: Akira Kurosawa's "Chaos" is released</h3>
Akira Kurosawa once had an idea that in his lifetime, he would make a "whole movie", even if it was something that could be clearly explained by lines and narration, it must be expressed in a movie lens. This lifelong wish was fulfilled in 1985, the year his masterpiece "Chaos" was released.
Known as the "Shakespeare of the East", Kurosawa combines the inspiration for Shakespeare's "King Lear" into the story of the Japanese warlord Maori Yuan in the Sengoku period, and uses this vast film to explain his worldview. Completely without commercial considerations, and leaving only a priceless cultural heritage for future generations, "Chaos" cost 2.4 billion yen and was a magnificent scene, one of Kurosawa's immortal masterpieces, and also continued the gorgeous climax for the second half of his brilliant film life.
<h3>1986: A little videotape frightens Hollywood</h3>
In 1986, U.S. videotape revenue exceeded $3 billion, beginning to exceed the revenue from theatrical screenings. All of this has sent panic in the film industry. Back in 1975, Sony launched the world's first video recorder, betamax, and JVC launched home video in VHS format the following year. Since then, videotapes have developed rapidly as another carrier of film derivation.
In 1977, the first video rental store creatively opened a videotape rental business. Frightened, Hollywood filed a lawsuit in court, demanding a ban on the VCR. In 1984, Sony narrowly won the lawsuit, and the development of video tapes accelerated again. In 1985, David Cook founded Blockbuster Blockbuster, which became a generation of videotape rental and sales giants.
<h3>1987: The Last Emperor from a Western perspective</h3>
In 1987, the famous Italian director Bernardo Bertolucci, after several years of silence, launched the epic film "The Last Emperor", which told the story of Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty in China, which caused a sensation in the world. The film cost more than $20 million to produce and was co-produced by Italy, the United Kingdom and China. The film does not completely adhere to the correct history, but looks at and analyzes history from the perspective of Westerners, and reduces the role of an emperor to a "person" in a flat-eyed way.
Because the film is the first foreign feature film approved by the Chinese government to be filmed in the Forbidden City, thousands of actors are dispatched in many scenes, making the whole film magnificent and extraordinary, and the cross-narrative of reality and memory is very historical. The film received nine nominations and all of them at the 60th Academy Awards, and was the first best film in Oscar history to be rated PG-13.
<h3>1988: "Red Sorghum" blows a whirlwind in China</h3>
Some film scholars and filmmakers have predicted that Asian cinema will rise rapidly in the 1980s. After Japanese films shined on the world stage in the early 1980s, Chinese films also began to emerge in the late 1980s. In February 1988, Chinese director Zhang Yimou's feature film "Red Sorghum" won the Golden Bear Award at the 38th Berlin Film Festival, which was the first time that a Chinese film won the highest award at the world's A-level film festival.
Adapted from mo yan's novel of the same name, which later won the Nobel Prize in Literature, "Red Sorghum" has blown a red Chinese whirlwind around the world with its strong masculine taste and tenacious vitality. After this, some Western universities began to offer courses related to Chinese films, and Chinese films have become an indispensable force for the world's top film festivals. Since then, Zhang Yimou has also become the Chinese director who has won the highest award of the A-level film festival and the most shortlisted for the competition unit.
<h3>1989: "Blood And Two Heroes" goes to the world</h3>
For a long time, only martial arts films in Chinese films enjoyed a worldwide reputation, but Hong Kong director Wu Yusen profoundly influenced the world with action films. In July 1989, Hong Kong director Wu Yusen's "Two Heroes in Blood" was released, and the following year began to be released and released in Europe and the United States.
The film continues Wu Yusen's romantic heroism complex since "The True Colors of Heroes", and shoots the cruel jianghu fight to the death, full of artistic atmosphere and philosophical feeling, creating a benchmark for subsequent Chinese action films. Not only was Luc Besson's "This Killer Not Too Cold" influenced by "The Two Heroes of Blood", Quentin Tarantino also paid tribute to the bridge section of "Blood Two Heroes" many times in his own films.
<h3>1990: Giants buy Hollywood, buy buy buy</h3>
In the mid-to-late 1980s and early 1990s, major Hollywood studios became part of large conglomerates and entertainment conglomerates due to mergers and acquisitions, especially in 1990. At that time, Time And and Warner merged to form Time Warner, becoming the world's largest media group at the time; almost at the same time, Panasonic bought the American Music Company (MCA) for 6.1 billion yuan, incidentally acquiring MCA's Universal Pictures.
A short period of five years later, Panasonic sold Universal to vintner Sgeland, which changed hands several times and is now part of communications giant Comcast's NBCUniversal. Prior to that, in 1984, Murdoch's News Corp bought 20th Century Fox; in 1988, Sony bought Columbia Pictures. Later, in 1994, Paramount was acquired by Viacom. Since then, the old eight major hollywood film companies that still exist have completed the capital change.
<h3>1991: American independent film dominates the Palme d'Or</h3>
At this year's Cannes Film Festival, "Barton Fink" shot by the brothers Joel Cohen and Ethan Cohen won the Palme d'Or, best director and best actor (John Tetro), an independent production full of black humor and full of unique film language, making the Coen brothers famous all over the world and officially becoming the new upstart in the independent film industry.
In 1989, when the then 26-year-old American director Steven Soderbergh won the Palme d'Or and Best Actor (James Spade), it was a landmark event in the field of independent cinema. The following year, David Lynch's controversial "My Heart Is Wild" also won the Palme d'Or. From 1989 to 1991, three consecutive Palme d'Or awards were won by American independent films, which coincided with the trend of independent films that began to rise and fall since the 1990s.
<h3>1992: Quentin Tarantino emerges</h3>
At the 1992 Sundance Film Festival, an independent film festival extravaganza, was very eye-catching and won the Grand Jury Prize, which was only a story about six thieves who stole diamonds, but it was refreshing. Directed by Quentin Tarantino, who was only 29 years old at the time, "Falling Dogs" was his first feature film.
His chronological narrative techniques, mixed with absurd black humor, and the themes of gangsterism, violence, and bloody killing, are unprecedented in the entire history of cinema, both innovating the language of the film and having his own strong personal color. The film, which cost less than two million dollars and a 16mm camera to complete, heralded the birth of a ghostly director. After that, Quentin smoothly began to shoot the more successful "Pulp Fiction" and was promoted to a famous director.
<h3>1993: Spielberg's year</h3>
This year is exactly what can be called "Spielberg" year - summer slot, Steven Spielberg's "Jurassic Park", set a staggering record of nearly one billion at the global box office, jumped to the first place in the history of the film box office at that time, and was only broken by "Titanic" four years later. At the same time, the realistic special effects of Jurassic Park opened a milestone in the full use of CGI in the film.
At the end of the year, he launched "Schindler's List," an adaptation of the story of Schindler, a businessman who saved thousands of Jewish lives during World War II, which shuts the mouths of those who mock Spielberg for making only low-minded commercial blockbusters. At that year's Academy Awards, the film won seven awards, including Best Picture, and earned Spielberg his first Academy Award for Best Director. Spielberg entered the peak of his directorial career where business and art flew together.
<h3>1994: The year of the blockbuster blockbuster</h3>
Magical 1994! The world's high-quality movies exploded, and then became a classic, and that year's Oscar winner "Forrest Gump" was not a single one, but only one of those shining good films. Various genres of films compete for each other, the more classic the more classic are "Shawshank Redemption", "Born To Kill Maniac", independent films have "Pulp Fiction", animation has "The Lion King", Westerns have "Burning Love Years", horror films have "Night Interview with Vampires", comedies have "Dumb and Dumber"; action films have "Life and Death Speed", "True Lies", and "Shawshank Redemption", which later occupied the top of the IMDb ratings.
Europe has produced "Red", "This Killer Is Not Too Cold", "Four Weddings and a Funeral" and so on. The reason for this is whether it is inevitable to erupt or accidentally pile up, this phenomenon can almost become a special film history topic to do research.
<h3>1995: The Dogma95 Oath is signed</h3>
On March 13, 1995, initiated by Lars von Trier, thomas Winterberg, a young director who graduated from the Danish National Film Academy, and four others signed the Dogma95 Oath. The Dogma95 Oath proposes ten rules, including that the film must be filmed on the spot, and no sound off the picture and the sound are produced; handheld shooting; no special lighting and the prohibition of optical processing and the use of filters; no murder, violent scenes; prohibition of separation in time and space; and including not accepting genre films, the director is not signed, etc.
This action was later known as the "Dogma95 Film Movement", which was intended to return to the most authentic state of film shooting. Famous films that followed the Dogma95 Manifesto include "Breaking the Waves", "Idiot", "Toshiro Lament" and so on. The film movement was active for about a decade or so, ending after entering the new century.
<h3>1996: "Guess the Train" becomes popular</h3>
In 1995, Danny Ball, a former veteran television producer, made his second feature film, Guess the Train, in just over a month and more than $2 million, which was released in the United Kingdom in February 1996. Adapted from evan Wellsfa's 1993 novel of the same name, the film tells the story of a group of drug-addicted youth in Edinburgh, and makes an extremely detailed representation of the specific drug use process, with bold and crazy techniques, visual novelty, showing the real life of a group of marginalized people, and is known as the most dynamic film in the UK that year.
When the film was released, it sparked great controversy, with proponents saying it was a fresh and deafening futuristic classic, while opponents said the film misled young people into taking drugs. In fact, the film was even used by the police as a textbook screening against drug use.
<h3>1997: Titanic became a global hit</h3>
On December 19, 1997, Titanic was released. The film, which cost nearly $200 million to produce and is not favored by investors and public opinions, has created a "myth" that word-of-mouth and box office go hand in hand: the global total box office is 1.8 billion US dollars (excluding 3D re-screening), 14 Oscar nominations, and 11 awards including best picture and best director, to use the film's famous line, that is, "I am the king of the world!" ”。
"Titanic" is the first film in the history of film to gross more than 1 billion yuan worldwide, it has enhanced Hollywood's special effects strength, it has created a global "Titanic" cultural phenomenon, since then, large companies are more willing to work together to produce films, and willing to spend money on production funds - "Titanic" changes to the film industry and production ecology, even more important than its shining box office and awards.
<h3>1998: The "Middle-earth" tour begins</h3>
In August 1998, the First Shot of the Lord of the Rings film series in New Zealand began a magical journey through "Middle-earth" that lasted nearly 20 years. The Lord of the Rings is the work of the British Chinese-languageist J.R.R. Tolkien, a masterpiece of fantasy literature in the Western world.
Directed by New Zealand director Peter Jackson, the film is divided into three parts: "The Lord of the Rings Appears", "The Two Towers", and "The Return of the King", which was filmed in one go, for three years, from 2001 to 2003, it was released in the Christmas file for three consecutive years, with a total global box office of nearly $3 billion, and won 17 Oscars, and the finale "The King is Invincible" won 11 Oscars. In 2011, the original team filmed the "Lord of the Rings" prequel "The Hobbit" trilogy, which was released for three consecutive years from 2012, and finally drew a complete end to the vast and magnificent story of Middle-earth.
<h3>1999: The Matrix visual effects revolution</h3>
In March 1999, "The Matrix", which created a virtual world war, was released, directed by the Wachowski brothers (later brother Larry changed sex, the title was changed to Wachowski brothers), and the highly imaginative and impactful visual creativity made the global science fiction fans addicted. The bold "bullet time photography" has been called a breakthrough revolution in the visual effects of film history, and this shooting technique has been imitated and used by various video media ever since.
In 2003, two sequels to The Matrix, The Matrix, were released, and the trilogy grossed $1.6 billion worldwide. The sequel was first used in "virtual shooting" technology, and subsequent sci-fi action movies followed suit. The Matrix trilogy created a breathtaking futuristic world that had a huge impact on subsequent sci-fi and special effects films.
<h3>2000: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Wave of New Martial Arts Films</h3>
The most profound influence of Chinese-language films on the Western world is kung fu martial arts films. The first Chinese-language film to win the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film was Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" not only has the operation mode of standard commercial films, "sword theft under the moon" and "duel on the bamboo" but also has a charming oriental style bone.
At the 2000 Academy Awards, "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" won a total of four awards, Chinese films have a real influence in the West, and led to a wave of martial arts costume blockbusters belonging to the "Big Directors Club", "every Chinese male director has a martial arts dream", Zhang Yimou ("Hero"), Chen Kaige ("Wuji"), Hou Xiaoxian ("Nie Yinniang") and other top Chinese directors have interpreted their dreams of martial arts films, and brought Chinese martial arts films into a new era of diversification and multi-pattern.
<h3>2001: The Harry Potter craze begins</h3>
In 1997, the British writer J. K. Rowling's magical literary novel Harry Potter was first published, and a total of seven episodes were published before and after, becoming the best-selling novel in the world. Beginning in 2000, Warner Bros. Pictures adapted Harry Potter into a series of eight films (the seventh episode of the novel was divided into two episodes) that lasted for a decade and officially ended in the summer of 2011.
Harry Potter is the most successful film series in film history, with a total box office of $7.8 billion, setting off a decade-long "Harry Potter" boom around the world, and a group of small actors have become rich stars. At the same time, the Harry Potter series has also brought more teenage novels into movies, including the "Twilight" series (five) based on the novels of American writer Stephanie Meier, and the "Hunger Games" trilogy based on Susan Collins's novel of the same name.
<h3>2002: Woody Allen receives the Honorary Palme d'Or</h3>
The Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival has always been the highest award in the minds of directors around the world, and in order to recognize filmmakers with global influence but have never won the Palme d'Or, the Cannes Film Festival Board of Directors has established the "Palme d'Or Honor", which, like the Palme d'Or, is the highest award at the Cannes Film Festival.
In 2002, American director Woody Allen became the first filmmaker to win the award. The French called Woody Allen "the only intellectual in the American film industry, and his films are very productive, often set in New York, telling the subtle emotions and relationships between urban people, with humorous and witty and even somewhat verbal dialogue, and only audiences who understand him will have the heart to laugh at "their own people".
<h3>2003: Renaissance of Italian cinema</h3>
On a charming summer night in Italy, people line up at the movie door, waiting to enjoy a 368-minute (more than six-hour) movie – this is the grandeur of "Brilliant Life" when it was released, it became the Italian box office champion that year, and became the world's most high-profile non-English film that year.
The protagonists of the film are two brothers, from 1966 to 2003, the changes of a family in more than thirty years, the love and affection encountered, the political storm, and even the thousand-year-old water of Florence, etc., like a slowly unfolding picture of contemporary Italian history, which is meticulous and moving. The details of this film are extremely beautiful, and the architectural objects and costumes and props are all exquisite and exquisite. The film comprehensively shows the overall strength of Italian and even European cinema, which can be called a renaissance of Italian cinema.
<h3>2004: The Year of Blockbuster Controversy</h3>
The more controversial it is, the more attention it becomes! In February, as soon as "The Passion of the Christ" was released in the United States, it caused an uproar. The film records the whole process of Jesus' crucifixion, and the picture is very bloody. The film's overly extreme anti-Semitic stance sparked jewish condemnation. Due to the boycott and the swearing of drunk drivers after the film's director, Mel Gibson, he had almost no scenes to shoot for nearly a decade.
In May of the same year, the documentary "Fahrenheit 911", which tells the inside story of bush and bin Laden's deal before "9/11" and the Iraq war, won the Cannes Palme d'Or. The film pointed sharply at the Bush family and revealed many shocking insiders, which were boycotted by right-wing groups and many criticisms before its release, but it pushed back to the box office. In 2006, Entertainment Weekly ranked the "25 Most Controversial Films" list, with The Passion of the Christ and Fahrenheit 911 ranking first and third, respectively.
<h3>2005: Brokeback Mountain almost topped the Oscars</h3>
In September 2005, Brokeback Mountain won the Venice Golden Lion Award. Based on pulitzer prize winner Anne Prox's short story of the same name, the film follows two cowboys who have had a two-decade-long homosexual affair. After many famous directors rejected this sensitive film, Ang Lee chose to take over, making the film calm and heavy, winning praise from critics and being selected as "the most successful gay film in history".
However, the film was jointly boycotted by many groups. Ang Lee won the first Academy Award for Best Director for "Brokeback Mountain," but the film lost to Crash, which conforms to the mainstream Aesthetic of the Oscars. Afterwards, many people complained about "Brokeback Mountain" and directly criticized the Oscars as "conservative", but it turned out that most of the Oscar judges were old (old), white (white) male (male), and traditional values were extremely difficult to shake.
<h3>2006: Disney acquires Pixar</h3>
Just in the beginning of the year, entertainment giant Disney announced the acquisition of Pixar. Exactly twenty years ago, in 1996, when Pixar was still George Lucas's animation studio, it was acquired by Steve Jobs for $10 million. John Lasseter, an important figure at the helm of Pixar, is the old Disney division.
Pixar produced the world's first fully computer-produced animation film "Toy Story", and successively launched "Bug Story", "Toy Story 2", "Monster Power Company", "Finding Nemo", "Incredibles", "Cars" and other films, which broke records at the box office and became synonymous with innovative computer animation technology. Pixar held a shareholder meeting on May 5 to approve Disney's final $7.4 billion purchase price, officially merged into Disney, and the global animated film landscape was redivided.
<h3>2007: On the same day, two masters are gone</h3>
The year was a little sad, with the death of several heavyweight directors in the history of cinema. On June 29, Yang Dechang, known as the "scalpel of Taiwanese society," died of colon cancer in the United States at the age of 60. Yang Dechang only made seven or four-quarters of his films in his lifetime, and the highest achievement was that "Yiyi" won the Best Director Award at the Cannes Film Festival, becoming the most well-known Taiwanese director in the world. On the same day of July 30, two masters passed away.
Ingmar Bergman, hailed as the greatest director of modern times, died in Sweden at the age of 89. His representatives, as The Seventh Seal and Wild Strawberries, won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film three times. The representative of Italian neorealism, Michelangelo Antonioni, died in Italy at the age of 95. His representatives, such as "Magnification", "Red Desert", "Eclipse", "Days on the Clouds", etc., are the winners of the grand slams of the three major European film festivals.
<h3>2008: HDDVD is no longer played! </h3>
After entering the new century, the dispute over the standard of high-definition storage formats derived from movies, that is, the more advanced alternative products of DVD, intensified, and divided into the HDDVD camp with Toshiba as the core and the Blu-ray camp with Sony as the core. Each of the two camps has its own hardware and software supporters. For example, Blu-ray has Sony, Philips, Panasonic, Hitachi, Samsung, etc., and HDDVD has Toshiba, NEC and Warner, Paramount, Universal support. Both sides have begun mass production of DVD players and corresponding film and video products, and there is no big gap in technology.
But in January 2008, Warner Bros. suddenly "changed its face" and no longer supported HDDS, and the industry fell like a domino overnight to the Blu-ray lineup, forcing Toshiba to announce the abandonment of HDDVD in February and withdraw from the war. Blu-ray discs became the sole winner of the "next generation OF DVDs", and then soared all the way to become the mainstream of the audiovisual market.
<h3>2009: Hollywood breaks 10 billion 3D re-emerging</h3>
After a cyclical rapid growth in 1989, 1998 and 2001, and a brief contraction in 2005, the U.S. film market has been showing a straight line of growth, and in 2007 and 2008, it approached the annual $10 billion box office mark.
By 2009, despite the impact of the global financial crisis, the U.S. film market exceeded the $10 billion mark for the first time in history, in which James Cameron made a comeback to "Avatar" like a god, sweeping away 750 million US dollars in the United States, and the global box office was as high as 2.7 billion US dollars, rewriting cameron's "Titanic" itself for 13 years, and popularizing digital 3D movies and IMAX 3D movies. Although there have been ups and downs since then, the North American box office has been stable at about 10 billion per year, without much fluctuation.
<h3>2010: Corrupt country movies are on stage</h3>
Hollywood cinema has been a big player for years, but british cinema with a deep history is also a key force in the world of English-speaking cinema, and the Performance of British cinema in 2010 was particularly eye-catching in the world film world. Directed by Tom Hopper, "The King's Speech," which tells the story of Elizabeth II's father, George VI, overcame stuttering to sweep major Awards in Europe and won four awards, including Best Picture, at the Oscars of the year. The famous British actor Colin Feith has also won several film awards, including Oscars.
In addition, the well-known British director Mike Lee's "Another Year", Nigel Cole's "Made of Dagnum", Danny Ball's "127 Hours", newcomer Christopher Morris's debut "Four-Headed Lion", David Yates's "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Part 1)" and other films have made this year's British films show a good film blowout.
<h3>2011: The Artist's Retro</h3>
In 2011, French director Michel Hazanavicius's "The Artist" returned to the golden years of the silent film era. A black-and-white film, in an era when film technology has been perfected, won the highest Oscar. Martin Scorsese's Hugo focuses on Paris in the 1930s and pays tribute to Georges Méliès, the first world cinema director, with this film full of warm beauty.
Steven Spielberg, who is still childlike, teamed up with another "movie boy" Peter Jackson to shoot "The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn", which returned Tintin to Europe in the 1930s with a new CG animation technology. The common feature of this retro wind is to use the latest film technology to travel back to the wonderful time of the past more realistically.
<h3>2012: Marvel movies take a rocket ride</h3>
There are two major comic book companies in the United States, DC and Marvel, each with its own comic universe and superhero series. Over the years, the big screen of DC Comics has far surpassed Marvel, until entering the new century, Marvel began to exert its strength, and films such as X-Men, Spider-Man, Fantastic Four, Super Daredevil, and Hulk began to cooperate with Fox, Sony, and Universal.
In 2012, "The Avengers", which gathered six of Marvel's superheroes, was released and became the third largest in film history with a total box office of $1.5 billion, the biggest explosion since Marvel began filming. It puts pressure on arch-rival DC and plans to start making its own superhero collection movie. The success of "Avengers" opened up an unrepeatable commercial blockbuster model for Marvel and profoundly influenced the direction of Hollywood superhero movies for many years to come.
<h3>2013: Digital cinema completely replaces film</h3>
In January 2013, Kodak, the inventor of motion picture film, escaped bankruptcy, but the nearly 120 years of film film that Kodak witnessed were almost completely replaced by digital film. It took only a decade since the rise of digital cinema in the late 1990s to monopolize the production and screening of films. The film ushered in the most profound technological change after its own sound and color films. In 2009, seven major Hollywood studios formed DCI (Digital Cinema Advocacy Alliance) to propose the industry standard for digital cinema. Subsequently, major film companies said that they would soon stop releasing film films.
2013 was a big inflection point, and The Wolf of Wall Street became Paramount's first film to release only digital copies, and Major Hollywood companies followed suit. This year, projector companies and printing plants related to film films have withdrawn from the historical stage. "Film is the art of film" became a historical term.
<h3>2014: Hackers stir Up Sony</h3>
In December 2014, Sony Pictures was hacked, resulting in frequent computer failures within Sony and exposing some confidential documents and emails. The leaked email content alone makes Sony very embarrassed, and once it is fully exposed, Sony will suffer huge losses. On December 17, hackers revealed the ultimate goal of the attack, threatening Sony to cancel the release plan of the film "The Assassination of Kim Jong-un" or launch a terrorist attack similar to "9/11" in the United States.
The threat of hackers forced Sony to release "The Assassination of Kim Jong-un" to a limited number of times and offer paid viewing on the Internet, which earned $40 million in revenue but still lost a huge loss. To that end, Obama called the cancellation of The Interview "a bad decision," and the incident rose to the political level. The incident led to the resignation of Sony co-chairman Amy Pascal.
<h3>2015: Chinese mainland market soared fiercely</h3>
February is the Spring Festival slot of Chinese movies, and 4.05 billion yuan not only became the highest single-month box office in the history of Chinese films, but also surpassed the United States and became the world's crown in February. After the Hollywood movie "Fast and Furious 7" was released in China on April 12, the box office was overwhelming, and by May 13, the film swept 2.424 billion yuan (about $400 million) in China, surpassing the 350 million US dollars in the United States and ranking first in the world. It also surpassed the highest Chinese box office of 1.97 billion yuan created by "Transformers 4" in 2014.
The subsequent release of "Avengers 2" also easily overtook the box office record of 1.4 billion yuan set by "Avatar" in China. It is predicted that the box office of China's summer program in 2015 may exceed 10 billion yuan.
<h3>Conclusion: Looking forward to the next 120 years of cinema</h3>
Thanks to everyone's companionship and support over the past few days, the 120-year road of light and shadow has been transformed into words and pictures, that is, it can be read in a short time. However, the film predecessors used their own lives to build light and shadow fairy tales for the audience. On the screen, the audience can see the past and the future, the earth and outer space, reality and mythology, the good and the ugly, and the movie is our most real dream.
</dl>