The banyan tree by the pond knows that there is a sound of summer on the swing by the playground, only butterflies stop on it
……
Remember your childhood vision of summer?
Chase and play under the scorching sun
The clothes are soaked and not afraid of the heat
Grow up,
What impressed you most about summer?
hot! hot!! hot!!!
Have you ever been curious about this question？
In ancient times, there were no electric fans, air conditioners, refrigerators,
How did the ancients survive the summer?
The ideal mode for modern people to spend the summer
Air conditioning + watermelon + cold drinks + WiFi
The ideal model for ancient people to spend the summer
Fan + gazebo + calm natural coolness?
In fact, the ancients' way of resisting heat is even more "tall" than you think! Follow the editor to watch those summer essential "artifacts" that mankind cannot do without from ancient times to the present!
First, the fan
summertime
The necessary cooling tool for every household is the fan,
There's always one here
Can take you back to childhood
China is known as the "Fan Kingdom". In Guangdong families, the most common is the pu fan, which is made of the leaves and stalks of the pu kui, also known as the "kui fan", which is light in quality and cheap, and is widely popular.
Guangdong Jiangmen Xinhui shi known as "KuiXiang", with a thousand years of kui art culture, its fire fan paintings are antique, delicate and exquisite.
The picture shows a craftsman branding on a sunflower fan.
The fan is not only the object held by the living Buddha Jigong, but also the treasure used by Taishang Laojun and the Princess of the Iron Fan in "Journey to the West". Fans often appear in film and television works, and are closely related to their long history and culture. Do you know what the most ancient fans are made of?
Mingwen Zhenheng's "Chronicle of Long Things" Volume VII: "Fan, lupine fan is the oldest." There is "feather" in the "fan", yes, the lupine fan is the earliest in the fan family, and it has a history of three thousand years.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Chinese lupines exported to Western countries are now in the Collection of the Museum in Boston, USA.
Second, the fan
The use of fans to create artificial wind is one of the ways to cool off in summer. Fans come in a variety of forms, we can hold a small fan to enjoy the cool breeze anytime and anywhere, we can also have an electric fan that can cool.
Guangzhou Daily all-media reporter Chen Youzi photographed
Although there was no electricity in ancient times, "fans" existed for at least two thousand years in the history of the continent. Can you imagine what it looks like?
A Han tomb in Pengxian County, Sichuan Province, has unearthed a portrait brick depicting the people using a large fan wind valley, according to the current parlance is a hand-cranked fan, in fact, in traditional Chinese society has always existed in large quantities, but its main role is not to cool facilities, but as a practical agricultural tool was invented.
The structure of the fan in "Tiangong Kaiwu", the general appearance of the ancient hand-cranked fan.
Traditional fans are driven by humans, but there are also special cases that are driven by hydraulic power. According to the Northern Song Dynasty's "Tang Yulin", Tang Xuanzong had a "cool hall" specially set up for summer escape, and there was a "water fan car" in the hall, which was a wooden fan that used the momentum of the water current to drive the rotation. In the Qing Dynasty, the vertical fan was invented, which could automatically rotate for a moment after winding.
Third, air conditioning
Netizens often joke: "The life of summer is given by air conditioning." "Turn on the key press, the air conditioner quickly cooled, the outdoor is still summer, but the indoor is like winter!" Eating ice cream in an air-conditioned room is nothing more enjoyable than this
I never thought that there were "air-conditioned rooms" in ancient times! Of course, at the beginning, not all ordinary people can have it, and the friends who love to watch costume dramas may have heard of it
Copper Ice Book
Diagram of the internal structure of the Copper Ice Book
The use of ice storage to escape the heat, the earliest historical record can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty. By the time of the pre-Qin Dynasty, the princes of various princes began to store ice, and at the same time, ice artifacts containing ice cubes appeared. In the Book of Poetry, July, "The second day of the ice rushes, and the third day is in the Lingyin", this is the case.
The demand for storing ice in containers is far from enough, so the ancients thought of digging an "ice cellar", which can be said to be a natural air conditioner and refrigerator. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the phenomenon of digging wells to hide ice became more and more common, and the scale of ice cellars used to preserve ice cubes also became larger and larger.
Some friends will ask, in the south the weather is so hot, how can it be ice storage? In fact, even in the north, the ice in the ice cellars mostly melts on its own in the summer, so ice collectors tend to collect more ice than needed.
From the mural of the tomb of Prince Huai of Tang Zhanghuai
After the Song Dynasty moved south, the skills of ice mining in the north were brought to the south, with the use of ice cellars more and more extensively, ice storage is not limited to the official, the folk began to buy and sell ice cubes activities, to the Song and Yuan period, the city buying and selling cold drinks is not unusual, sugar ice and snow cold yuanzi, cold water lychee paste, snow bubble plum blossom wine, ice mung bean water ... Are you hungry?
The Song people sell cold drinks in the city
pity
There are some places in the south that are not patronized by snow
Can't dig the ice cellar...
Cantonese people in ancient times were afraid
I am very envious of the life of my northern friends
Fourth, cool things
In the south, in the childhood memories of the "post-80s" and "post-90s", the bed heat supplies are indispensable to bamboo mats, cassia pillows, mung bean shell pillows... With the development of science and technology, all kinds of cool things are full of technology, and neighbors can easily buy fan coats, hydrogel cushions, cool T-shirts and so on online.
In the costume drama, we found that the pillows used by the ancients to sleep are always hard, commonly porcelain pillows, in the era of lack of materials, skin contact with porcelain pillows instantly brings a cold and cool feeling, if there is ice cubes into the porcelain pillow, then this summer can sleep beautifully!
Northern Song Dynasty Ding kiln baby porcelain pillow
Southern Song Dynasty blue and white porcelain female pillow
Ming Dynasty blue and white porcelain pillow
Walking through the deep alleys of Guangzhou's old town, you may occasionally encounter hand-woven rattan chairs, the inheritors of this craft have become less and less, but in ancient times, the wisdom of the ancients is beyond your imagination, bamboo and rattan heating utensils are widely used, different shapes, one of which is a beautiful name "Bamboo Lady", which is a cool thing that ordinary people can afford to use!
Bamboo Lady
Bamboo ladies are woven into different shapes according to the curves of the human body, and some are barrel-shaped. Does that remind you of the throw pillow? And its use is actually the same as the pillow, when sleeping, holding the bamboo lady in your arms has the effect of cooling!
5. Mosquito coils
In addition to the discomfort caused by the heat in summer, the ubiquitous mosquitoes are also very disgusting. At this time, mosquito repellent water, indoor mosquito repellent liquid, smokeless mosquito coil, mosquito repellent sticker, electric mosquito patting... Can play a big role!
The ancients loved incense, the use of "incense" in the pre-Qin period was very extensive, including indoor environment disinfection, odor removal, clothing incense will be "smoked", even rats can use smoking means to expel it, natural smoking mosquitoes are not a word.
Judging from archaeological findings, there were special incense utensils five thousand years ago, and a gray pottery smoker was excavated at the Lianghongshan Cultural Site in Niuhe, Liaoning Province. In the Warring States period, incense utensils were not only beautiful in shape, but also more scientific in the principle of incineration.
Western Han Dynasty bronze Boshan furnace (excavated from the Han tomb in Mancheng, Hebei)
In modern times, there are electric mosquito beats, and in ancient times, there are whisks! Whiskers have a handle that is usually tied with animal tail hair, or cotton, hemp, or brown filament. After the Tang and Song dynasties, the folk used palm leaves instead of animal tail hair, commonly known as "brown whiskers".
Qing Dynasty brown whiskers
What's even more amazing is that the Ming and Qing dynasties invented the "mosquito absorbing lamp"! At that time, mosquito lamps were made of copper, ceramic and iron textures. There is an oval protruding bulge belly on the shape, with a large mouth on it, the lamp is placed in it, and after igniting, the air flow enters from the large mouth and is discharged from the flue above, and the mosquitoes that tend to the light are easily inhaled and burned to death.
Copper mosquito lamp
See here
Is there infinite wisdom by the ancients？
Surprised?
Those inventions that were once humble
Historically evolved
Always influencing and improving our lives!
What other summer "artifacts" do you know?
Share it in the comments section!
Producer: Dayang.com
Producer: Wenting Zhu
Copywriter: Luo Fenglin