Precise monitoring, accurate forecasting and fine service of the weather is one of the important factors in the success of the previous Winter Olympic Games. The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is facing a number of meteorological difficulties that have not yet been solved internationally due to the large difference between the climatic conditions and previous editions.
Beijing Winter Olympics Yanqing, Zhangjiakou competition area is located in the mountainous area, high altitude, large temperature difference, for the event meteorological forecast, will face the complex terrain of the mountainous terrain "one day to change four seasons" and "ten miles of different days" test, site forecast and conventional grid interpolation forecast is difficult to meet the needs of event security. In particular, the wind field of the snow sports track is highly abrupt, and the sun shines for a while, or a cloud drifts over, which will change the wind.
After four years of research, the Meteorological Science and Technology Research Team of the Winter Olympics has independently developed a number of key technologies to support the "one policy" and "one policy" requirements for meteorological support put forward by the Beijing Winter Olympics, and strive to achieve the objective and automated meteorological forecasting to "100 meters and minutes".
Yunding Ski Park Circuit, Chongli District, Zhangjiakou City. Photo by Yang Shiyao (Xinhua News Agency)
Chen Mingxuan, head of the national key research and development plan "Science and Technology Winter Olympics" project (meteorology) and vice president of the Beijing Urban Meteorological Research Institute, introduced that the terrain and small-scale mountain meteorological characteristics of each arena are very different, so it is necessary to carry out targeted meteorological support services according to the terrain, meteorological characteristics and event holding arrangements of different venues, which is "one game and one policy". In addition, the requirements for meteorological conditions and potential meteorological risk thresholds for different snow sports of the Winter Olympic Games are not the same, so it is necessary to carry out targeted meteorological support services according to different events and schedules, which is "one policy".
"Accurate forecasting comes from the experience accumulated in field research and years of winter training, high-precision meteorological detection equipment, and the strong support of hard-core technologies such as '100-meter-level, minute-level' meteorological forecasting." Forecasters from the Beijing Winter Olympics weather forecast team said.
In order to better serve the Winter Olympics, the meteorological department for the first time in the middle latitude of the mainland to achieve "ultra-fine complex mountain three-dimensional, second-level, multi-element" Winter Olympic meteorological comprehensive three-dimensional detection, including ground automatic weather station observation, wind measurement lidar three-dimensional wind detection, cloud detection of cloud radar, as well as wind profile radar vertical direction wind speed wind direction detection, microwave radiometer vertical direction temperature and humidity detection.
During the Beijing Winter Olympics, for the first time, the mainland's meteorological science and technology innovation has the ability to accurately forecast "100 meters and minutes". During the previous Winter Olympics, objective weather forecasts were basically based on the kilometer grid, and the time update frequency was half an hour to 1 hour; in China, the grid distance of the current high-precision numerical weather prediction model was 3 kilometers, and the time update frequency was basically 1 hour or 3 hours. "The spatial grid distance of the high-precision meteorological forecast of the Beijing Winter Olympics is 67 meters, and the maximum time update frequency is 10 minutes. Refined meteorological forecasting has reached a qualitative leap. Chen Mingxuan said.
National Biathlon Center Circuit. Photo by Mou Yu (Xinhua News Agency)
Key technical methods such as high-precision numerical weather forecast models, multi-source meteorological data rapid integration and fusion models, and artificial intelligence meteorological forecast models have been successfully developed, and a "100-meter-level" forecasting technology system for Winter Olympic meteorology has been constructed, which has realized the 0-10-day "100-meter- level" grid meteorological forecast for the Winter Olympic mountain field, as well as the timed, fixed-point and quantitative meteorological forecasts for 0 to 10 days at key points of the Winter Olympics, and a number of technologies have filled the domestic gap.
Artificial intelligence meteorological forecasting technology is the first time in the world that it has been applied in the meteorological service guarantee of the Winter Olympic Games. "The meteorological support service of the Winter Olympics requires high-precision meteorological forecasts within 0 to 10 days as a support, and there are sometimes large errors in the existing modern numerical weather prediction models and traditional technical methods." Chen Mingxuan introduced that through artificial intelligence and big data technology, the massive forecast data and meteorological observation data are "re-interpreted" to achieve the "re-revision" of objective meteorological forecasts, which further improves the accuracy of meteorological forecasts for the Winter Olympics.
Source: Economic Daily