6, Einstein never denied quantum mechanics
Contrary to popular belief, Einstein was not a "fighter" of anti-quantum mechanics, he simply doubted or even dismissed the scheming explanation of quantum phenomena. Quantum mechanics in the early stages of development has been a great success, almost no rigorous scientists reject the establishment of quantum theory, Einstein can not deny the formation and growth of quantum mechanics, he actually won the Nobel Prize in physics for the discovery of the principle of photoelectric effect, because of the discovery of the most important theoretical contribution of his life - general relativity, he should have won the highest prize in physics, does this show that Einstein was treated unfairly by the Nobel Prize Committee?
The photoelectric equation confirms the duality of photons, which have both the behavior of particles and the way they fluctuate, and the "wave-particle duality" of light is one of the fundamental discoveries in the system of quantum mechanics. Einstein was deeply influenced by continental European philosophy and therefore tended to think of causality, which contradicted the mainstream school of quantum philosophy, insisting that the quantum theory system was incomplete, that the inherent randomness of quantum behavior might be interpreted in greater depth, that Einstein did not deny the randomness of quantum behavior, that he simply believed that the main controversy in quantum history had not yet reached the time of "conclusive conclusion". To clarify his views on quantum mechanics, one might wish to read George Mather's article, "What is Einstein's Real Thinking on Quantum Mechanics?"
7, uncertainty principle
The core of quantum mechanics is set in relation to a pair of observable physical quantities, one cannot accurately observe two physical quantities of particle behavior at the same time, such as: the position and momentum of particles, such interrelated physical quantities are called "conjugate variables", one cannot accurately determine the values of two conjugated physical quantities at the same time, and the "Heisenberg Principle" or the uncertainty principle is probably the most important difference between quantum theory and non-quantum theory.
In Newton's classical physics, one can measure the position and velocity of an object at the same time, and uncertainty becomes the basic property of quantum behavior, which is not brought about by the defects of experimental physics, and one of the most peculiar manifestations of the uncertainty of the quantum itself is that two conjugated physical quantities (such as energy and time) cannot be determined at the same time, which means that unstable particles or short-life cycle particles contain inherently uncertain masses, according to Einstein's famous mass-energy equation Energy is equal to the product of mass and square of the speed of light. Physicists have concluded that higgs bosons, W and Z bosons, and top quarks have uncertain masses, accounting for 1-10% of the fixed masses of these particles, and the life cycles of these particles are extremely short.
8, quantum effects are not limited to the microscopic world
People usually do not observe the quantum effects of objects on a large scale, the correlation is very fragile, and the correlation of quantum behavior can be observed carefully enough, and it has been found that quantum effects also hold up over long distances, for example: a pair of photons entangled with each other are separated as far as possible to two locations hundreds of kilometers away, and the quantum effects of their transmitting each other's information still exist. In the Bosch-Einstein condensate, the decaying state of matter occurs at very low temperature conditions, and millions of atoms exhibit coherent quantum states. Some researchers even believe that dark matter may have a similar quantum effect, and that dark matter spreads throughout the galaxy, and if their hypothesis is correct, then the quantum effect is all over the universe.
9, microscopic scale quantum universe
Every particle in the concept of quantum mechanics has the nature of a wave, and every wave is accompanied by a particle. When observing the behavior of a particle at a distance compared to the associated wavelength, one finds that the quantum effect becomes very pronounced. If atomic and subatomic physics loses the support of quantum mechanics, atomic and subatomic physics will be difficult to explain perfectly.
10, Schrödinger 'half-dead' cat
Early quantum mechanics was not well understood, but the decay of the quantum behavior of microscopic objects was very rapid, and decartication occurred in the constant interaction between microscopic objects and the environment. The emergence of relatively warm and dense places is impossible to avoid, as if the necessary environmental elements in the process of life growth, which explains the reason why human intervention is not required as a measurement method, and human intervention in the measurement process actually interferes with the behavior of the quantum, and the human measurement factor and the quantum produce a simple interaction. The reason why it is extremely difficult to incorporate large objects into two different superposition states is that the superposition of large objects quickly fades.
The heaviest object to date to be incorporated into the positional superposition is the carbon-60 molecule, and scientists have developed ambitious experimental plans that envision the inclusion of heavier organisms such as viruses or bacteria in superimposed physical experiments. The early "Schrödinger's cat" paradox was resolved, with quantum superpositions shifting from decaying atoms to large objects, such as a Schrödinger's cat. Tiny objects like atoms appear in superpositions. After a certain period of time, a large object quickly stabilizes in a certain state, and one never sees a cat in both dead and alive states, and the cat is either "born to die" – alive or "to live" – dead, and there is no cat that is "neither dead nor alive".
(Compiled:2016-3-22)
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