Author: Nagging miscellaneous
Source; Soul Says History
Only for communication if there is infringement notice to remove
"Yes, I am Fan Hanjie, my hands are stained with blood, you shoot me!"
This is a sentence that Fan Hanjie said to the PLA soldiers in front of him in October 1948, after being captured alive in Jinzhou. This year, he was 52 years old.
Once upon a time, this deputy commander of the Northeast "Suppression General" was such a "scenery." Huangpu's birth in the first period, coupled with his acquaintance with Chiang Kai-shek very early, gave him a very high status within the Nationalist army.
But when the city was destroyed and captured, the only way out he could think of was the word "death", after all, he had done too many things wrong. Of course, he didn't die. The People's Liberation Army will not let him die.
The years are ticking.
Fan Hanjie did not die, and was eventually transferred to the Beijing Gongdelin War Criminals Management Center, where he was pardoned in 1960. Then he said to the people around him: "This is my most memorable day." This year, he was 64 years old.
From "shoot me" to the unforgettable amnesty, in 12 years, the change of this National Army Lieutenant General is not insignificant. As a result, many people will ask:
What kind of person is Fan Hanjie?
What did he experience after his capture in 1948?
What will happen to him after being pardoned?
In this issue, the soul said to tell everyone that it was such a famous Huangpu general who had taken the wrong road but finally returned to the middle of the people.
I. How can such an outstanding Huangpu general be willing to be in the company of the reactionaries?
We all know that the first phase of Huangpu will be full of stars, and the huangpu three masters Jiang Xianyun, Chen Geng and He Zhihan are even more famous. Fan Hanjie's prestige in the first phase, although not as good as the above people, is also quite distinctive.
To sum up, Fan Hanjie has 3 different things:
First, he was older.
When he entered Whampoa, Fan Hanjie was already 28 years old, which was definitely the oldest among all the students. After all, at that time, Chen Geng was only 21 years old, and Du Yuming was also 21 years old.
Second, he entered the school with a higher rank, which is very special.
Fan Hanjie is a native of Tai Po, Guangdong Province, from Shuxiang Mendi, where his father worked as a primary school principal. Therefore, he received a good education from an early age, and when he grew up, he entered the Guangzhou Polytechnic School and the Guangdong Surveying and Mapping School. At that time, this was considered a "high-level technical talent".
After graduation, Fan Hanjie entered the Cantonese Army as he wished and began his military career. General Deng Zhongyuan of the Cantonese Army soon discovered his talent and lifted him up step by step.
Therefore, by the time he was admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924, Fan Hanjie was already the commander of the 6th Route Army of the Guangdong Army. A commander ran to the Whampoa Military Academy as a cadet, and many people around him felt: This Fan Hanjie is probably "crazy"!
The third difference of Fan Hanjie is that after entering Whampoa, he worked as both a student and a teacher.
Because he enrolled in school with a military rank and really went to the battlefield earlier, he was "reused" after entering Whampoa. At that time, because of the shortage of funds in the school and the serious shortage of teachers, some people proposed that Fan Hanjie, who had studied surveying, teach everyone topography.
For this job, Fan Hanjie gladly accepted. For a time: the commander of the Cantonese Army learned and taught at the same time in Huangpu, which became a beautiful talk. It is precisely because of this incident that Premier Zhou has always remembered Fan Hanjie.
However, for the reasons for having to enter Whampoa, Fan Hanjie in his later years did not mention much. However, his good friend, Mr. Li Yili, a patriotic general who was later also a lieutenant general in the Nationalist Army, once wrote in a reminiscence article:
Because his army has long been underpaid, military discipline is abolished, and it is difficult to command... Fan resolutely resigned from his commander and was admitted to Whampoa, determined to start from scratch.
Judging from the recollections of General Li Yili, Fan Hanjie in his youth did have a warm heart.
After graduating from the Whampoa Military Academy, Fan Hanjie's earlier status as a commander no longer existed. He had to be like everyone else in the first phase, starting with the platoon leader.
After that, he participated in the First and Second Crusades and repeatedly built qigong in the course of the Northern Expedition. By 1927, Fan Hanjie had become the first person to become a master in the first phase of Whampoa. Years later, Whampoa students will still give a thumbs up when they mention Fan Hanjie of that period at the student meeting.
But why did such a young man in Guangdong with ideals choose to be with Chiang Kai-shek's reactionaries?
Speaking of which, his acquaintance with Chiang Kai-shek was a coincidence. In 1918, Fan Hanjie, who had joined the Whampoa Military Academy, served as a lieutenant-level aide-de-camp at the headquarters of the Cantonese Army. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek also served in the headquarters, serving as a colonel's staff officer.
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek, because he had graduated from the Japanese non-commissioned officer school, was often looked down upon by the Cantonese generals at the headquarters. And Fan Hanjie, because of his scholarly background, has always been more humble to people, which makes Old Jiang quite useful. As soon as they came and went, the two became friends at the headquarters.
Therefore, the two should be regarded as acquaintances in micro, naturally have a certain feeling. Therefore, during the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, Fan Hanjie embarked on the road of joining forces with the reactionaries. Since then, it has gone farther and farther down the wrong path.
Two: Captured alive
Speaking of which, Fan Hanjie was indeed a man on the battlefield of the Anti-Japanese War. But when he became an enemy of the people's sons and soldiers, his fate was already doomed.
On October 9, 1948, after a long period of consideration, Lin Biao finally made up his mind: to fight Jinzhou. At that time, when Chairman Mao heard this news, he happily called Back to Lin Biao: You are determined to attack Jinzhou, very good, very good.
Earlier, everyone expected the time to capture Jinzhou: more than a week. After all, at that time, from the perspective of the equipment of the two armies, my Dongye did not have a clear advantage over Fan Hanjie's 1 corps and 4 divisions.
Chiang Kai-shek was obviously also quite concerned about this battle. To this end, he even personally went to Shenyang to supervise the battle, and asked Wei Lihuang and others to cooperate with Fan Hanjie.
During this period, Chiang Kai-shek also sent a plane and airdropped a letter to Fan Hanjie, asking him whether he should first withdraw to Jinxi to facilitate the breakthrough.
Fan Hanjie, who was blindly confident, eventually overestimated his own capabilities and underestimated the strength of the People's Liberation Army. Shortly after promising Chiang Kai-shek that "I can hold on to Jinzhou," he found himself in a desperate situation.
On October 10, 1948, the Battle of Tashan began. In this most tragic blockade battle in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, our side played a bloody and miraculous battle.
On October 14, the general offensive against Jinzhou began. My Dongye soldiers conquered Jinzhou in only 31 hours. When everyone rushed into Jinzhou City, they found that Fan Hanjie was gone.
Apparently, he escaped. The process of capturing Fan Hanjie alive can also be described as quite dramatic.
On October 16, just one day after our army won a great victory in the Battle of Jinzhou, four strangely dressed passers-by appeared on a local trail.
The leader is a middle-aged man. Wearing a torn cotton coat and a black felt hat, the hat was pressed so low that it almost covered most of his face.
Next to him was a fat, equally worn woman. At first glance, she looked a lot like an ordinary peasant woman, but when she looked closely, she would find that she had a gold ring on her index finger, and two of her fingers were sallow, which was an old smoking gun.
Behind them were a pair of young men. They obviously didn't have time to disguise, they were all wearing suits and sneakers, and even their hair was shiny.
If the middle-aged man in the lead is really just an ordinary person, why would the pair of young people who dress better obey him? Such anomalies quickly attracted the attention of PLA soldiers on duty in the local area. They were arrested and questioned.
When the soldiers of our army asked them who they were, the only woman among the four people came out to speak, and she pointed to the man who was the leader and said, "He is the head of the family, leading them to do the watch business in Shenyang." This is not Shenyang is going to fight, we fled to here, ready to go back to our hometown! ”
But when the soldiers of our army asked them to take out their documents, they could not get them out. All this makes people suspicious. Finally, one of the officers came up with a brilliant plan: to arraign 4 individually.
In this way, under the condition that 4 people were completely unable to ventilate, two young men in suits finally spoke: he was Fan Hanjie, deputy commander of the Northeast "Suppression General", we were all his aide-de-camps, and the woman was his wife.
At this point, Fan Hanjie thought that Lai could not be relied on. In the face of ironclad evidence, he had to say the sentence at the beginning of this article: You shoot me!
Three: A question from Lin Biao and The Life of Gong Delin
After being captured, our army released Fan Hanjie's wife in accordance with humanitarian principles. But he, a man whose hands are stained with the blood of the people's children and soldiers, obviously cannot escape the people's sanctions.
Soon after, he had a very interesting meeting with lin biao, commander of Higashino, at the Yaniutun Command Post. This meeting, many film and television dramas have been acted.
Located just 20 kilometers north of Jinzhou city, the Yaniutun Command Post is a small village of less than 100 households. Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Liu Yalou commanded thousands of troops and horses here.
When he first entered the command post, Fan Hanjie couldn't help but exclaim: "I really didn't expect that you would actually direct a war in such a house." Yes, there were only 5 bungalows in the farm yard, and Lin Biao lived in one of them.
Earlier, Fan Hanjie had already judged that the command post should be near Jinzhou. He also sent planes and ground scouts to conduct a carpet search for dozens of miles around Jinzhou. As a result, nothing was found. For this reason, he once scolded his subordinates: "Can they enter the ground?" ”
Entering the command post this time, Fan Hanjie's helplessness in his heart can be imagined. Subsequently, he and Lin Biao each asked a question. Both questions are intriguing.
Fan Hanjie asked: Whose idea was it to fight Jinzhou? He said:
With this move, non-xiongcai can't make up his mind. Jinzhou is like a flat burden, one end picking the northeast, the other picking north China, and now the flat burden is broken...
It has to be said that although Fan Hanjie was a general of the defeated army, he could see the military problems thoroughly. There is no doubt that chairman Mao, who had the foresight to hit Jinzhou, was the far-sighted Chairman Mao. When Lin Biao could not make up his mind, it was Chairman Mao who explained the stakes to him in a telegram that he was finally willing to take this step.
Lin Biao's question to Fan Hanjie was: "On an autumn night 23 years ago, did General Fan ever remember?" This question made Fan Hanjie very ashamed, and he said two sentences in a row: shame, shame.
What is going on with this question? This matter must start with the Whampoa Military Academy.
Fan Hanjie entered the Whampoa Phase I in 1924, while Lin Biao was the Whampoa Phase IV. Although the first term of graduation was earlier, the two had not studied together, but in any case, Lin Biao was also Fan Hanjie's younger brother.
As early as 1925, our party attached great importance to Fan Hanjie as a talent, and once asked Lin Biao to "recruit" him for our use. Unfortunately, fan Hanjie did not listen to Lin Biao at that time.
At this meeting, Lin Biao was my commander of Dongye, and Fan Hanjie became the general of the defeated army. Lin Biao then said to him, "At that time, our temple was too small, and of course you bodhisattva couldn't look at it!" ”
After talking with Lin Biao, Fan Hanjie began his 12-year transformation career. After the founding of New China, he was sent to the Beijing Gongdelin War Criminals Management Center.
In Gongdelin, Fan Hanjie met many old friends: Du Yuming, Song Xilian, Wang Yaowu... All by one. Although he lost his freedom, Fan Hanjie was respected here.
The reason why the staff of the management office was extremely kind to him was because in addition to the identity of the enemy general, he also had another identity: a famous anti-Japanese general.
In the 1932 "1.28" incident, Fan Hanjie ignored his illness and went to the anti-Japanese front and led the garrison to fight with the Japanese for a week. This year, he was 36 years old.
After the All-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, he was responsible for training the Central Army, training more than 500 middle- and senior officers, and injecting a lot of strength into the anti-Japanese battlefield. This year, he was 41 years old.
After 1939, Fan Hanjie, who was the commander of the 27th Army, made a name for himself in the enemy theater, and at that time Zhu De also specially sent a pennant with the words "Taihang Barrier" written on it. This year, he was 43 years old.
In 1941, Fan Hanjie led his troops in the area of Zhongtiao Mountain, surrounded by the Japanese army and still preferred to die, fighting to the end, and was given the nickname "Bold General". This year, he was 45 years old.
Such a general who has made great achievements in the war against Japan, the motherland and the people are naturally willing to give him a chance to be born. And Fan Hanjie, of course, also cherishes such an opportunity.
After entering Gongdelin, he made a big decision: cut off the long beard he had left earlier. He said to the others: This means the beginning of a new life.
From that day on, he developed two habits: first, to read books, to read materialist dialectical books; second, to write down a diary, to write down what he thought after reading the book.
In December 1959, the first amnesty lists were drawn. Many of fan Hanjie's old acquaintances are on the list, such as: Du Yuming, Zheng Tingji, Lu Junquan, Wang Yaowu, Song Xilian and so on.
At that time, Fan Hanjie did not understand: these people are all here, why not me?
It should be known that Lu Junquan in the list was also captured during the Battle of Jinzhou in October 1948, and he was similar to Fan Hanjie in terms of position and experience. So why did the dudu first pardon Fan Hanjie not let go?
The reason for this was later figured out by Fan Hanjie. It turned out that in 1933, when patriotic generals Cai Tingkai and Jiang Guangnai led the 19th Route Army to launch the "Fujian Incident", there was a situation of leaking secrets.
After the failure of the incident, the two generals always believed that this matter was inseparable from Fan Hanjie, who was then the chief of staff of the 19th Route Army, and that he must have revealed it to Dai Kasa.
The list of the first amnesty generals needed to be consulted by progressives, and the two generals strongly disagreed with Fan Hanjie's release. Regarding the leak, Fan Hanjie has always denied it. However, Dai Kasa is dead, and everything is difficult to judge.
To Fan Hanjie's delight, in 1960, he was pardoned for his good performance in Gongdelin. In order to reconcile with Cai Tingkai and Jiang Guangnai, he also paid a special visit.
In the end, they laughed and hated each other! In the face of this sincere Fan Hanjie in front of them, the two generals sincerely said: Let the past pass, and in the future we will serve the motherland together.
After that, Fan Hanjie was assigned to work at the Central Museum of Culture and History. There, he was paid $100 a month. Such income levels were clearly extremely high in the early 1960s. Fan Hanjie is quite grateful for all this, and he works day and night to write down his own experiences, good and bad, and record them truthfully.
What made him even more memorable to his death was the reception of Premier Zhou in February 1962.
On the same day, Li Xianzhou and others were also received, and Premier Zhou was accompanied by Chen Yi and Zhang Zhizhong. Seeing Zhou Enlai again, Fan Hanjie and Li Xianzhou both called themselves students, and even said that they were sorry for the teacher and sorry for the country.
When Premier Zhou was the director of the political department at the Huangpu Military Academy, he was also extremely impressed with the two of them. His answer to the two was: "It is the teacher who did not teach you well, it is the teacher's fault!" ”
It was such a sentence that made the Huangpu practitioners present all moved. Oh, yes! As the years passed, Zhou Enlai was still the teacher who was willing to treat them sincerely.
End:
In January 1976, Fan Hanjie became seriously ill. At that time, the comrades sent him to the Affiliated Hospital of Beijing Medical College in excellent condition for treatment. Unfortunately, he died on the 16th at the age of 80.
Since then, a solemn memorial service has been held in Beijing. The memorial meeting was presided over by Liao Chengzhi, vice chairman of the National People's Congress, and more than 100 cadres at all levels attended the meeting. At the same time, the central government also made a decision: to bury him in the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
However, Fan Hanjie's wives and children in Taiwan and the United States did not come to the funeral. All along, there has been relatively little information about Fan Hanjie's descendants, and he himself only mentioned before his death: I have a pair of wives and concubines, and a class of children.
Unfortunately, the children were not able to accompany General Fan after he was admitted to the hospital. But the comrades of our Party, and the colleagues who worked with him in his later years, gave him great comfort in his last years.
From "you shoot me" to get a new life, a generation of anti-Japanese famous general Fan Hanjie, although he missed people, he also did a lot of wrong things, but in the end he returned to the people, which is gratifying.
Being buried in Babaoshan is the greatest recognition of him by the motherland and the people. As his good friend Li Yili said: "If General Fan has a spirit under the Nine Springs, he should laugh and have no regrets!" ”