1. Orchard selection
Red Fuji apples can not be planted in the stubble orchard, planting land should be selected with high terrain, good soil permeability, sandy loam soil is the most ideal. At the same time, the planting area should be kept as far away from the industrial park as possible to prevent the pollution of fruit trees. Red Fuji apples should be planted in a ditch with a row spacing of 2.5 m×4.0 m. It is best to dig a trench at the end of October to the beginning of November, keeping the depth at 50 cm, and separating the raw and mature soil. The dug ditch can freeze some pests to death in the winter, laying the foundation for soil maturation. Lay a certain amount of straw and wheat straw at the bottom of the ditch and sprinkle an appropriate amount of urea to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio is optimized and promote the increase of soil organic matter content.
2. Prune the tree shape
In order to cultivate all-red first-grade fruit, we must first ensure the adequacy of light. Many apple orchards have small spacing between plants during the planting process, with lush branches and leaves and insufficient light in the inner chamber. To ensure the best quality of apples, the structure of the tree must be modified to open the light path. First, saw off the large main branches within 1 m to ensure that the trunk height is kept at 1.0-1.5 m; second, saw off 1-3 main branches and prune them into an improved happy type; and finally, saw off the intersecting branches between plants. By modification, the number of large main branches left behind by each tree should be more than 3, but no more than 5. The tree should be transformed within 3 years and flexibly handled based on the condition of the tree.
The weeping branches of the red Fuji apple are composed of good flowers and have a high fruit set rate. After sawing off the large branches, in order to ensure the balance of the tree body, the various branches growing on the main branches should be left as much as possible, and the large branches should be combined to pull the large branches down, and at the same time, the buds should be carved before germination, and the growth points should be increased so that the tree momentum can be eased.
3. Water and fertilizer management
Water and fertilizer management is mainly related to the three periods of pre-flowering, post-flowering and fruit set stability, and fertilization should be combined with the actual growth of fruit trees to apply reasonable fertilizer. Fruit trees should be fertilized at the first time before flowering, fertilization should be carried out after flowering and during the stable period of fruit set, and after picking fruit trees in autumn, they should also carry out a topdressing.
After June is an important stage of water and fertilizer management, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be reasonably matched. At this stage, in order to meet the nutrient requirements of fruit trees, accelerated nitrogen should be applied mainly and fertilizer should be applied at the first time. Apple trees growing in 1-5 years should be coated with urea 0.3 kg/plant, laying a good foundation for the new growth of fruit trees; apples growing in 6-10 years are usually applied with urea 0.5 kg/plant. In general, fertilizer is applied as soon as possible after each irrigation in combination with topdressing and irrigation. In the season when there is a lot of rain, we should actively combine it with the moisture in the field, and do a good job in draining the orchard to prevent waterlogging.
4. Flower and fruit management
1. Artificial pollination
When the entire tree blooms 50%, pollination should be carried out with the help of artificial help as soon as possible. Pollination is mainly for the center flowers, and for strong flowers with more than 5 flower base leaves, the central flowers and 1-2 side flowers can be taught.
2. Thin flowers and fruits
In the inflorescence separation until flowering, the inflorescences, long branches, axillary buds, small flowers, and diseased insect flowers on the weak branches in the crown are removed at the first time, and the inflorescences of the short fruit branches and strong branches group leave the two laces and the central flowers, and the middle fruit branches only need to retain the central flowers. Within 30 and a half months of falling flowers, the fruit thinning work will be completed, and from 20 days after the flowering, the edge fruit, deformed fruit, disease and insect fruit, and small fruit will be removed, and the central fruit with positive fruit shape, long fruit handle and high pile will be retained, and the bagging work will be prepared. The optimal spacing between fruit and fruit is 20 cm, and the optimal leaf-fruit ratio after fruit thinning is 60-80: 1.
5. Pest control
The emergence of rotifer disease in fruit trees is mainly because the spread of resistant bacteria in the young fruit stage cannot effectively resist the infection, and attention should be paid to the early spraying link. The first spray time is generally within 10-15 days after the fruit tree falls, and the relevant personnel can do a good job in the prevention of fruit tree diseases and insect pests with the help of 70% tolbuzin wettable powder or 80% daisen zinc wettable powder. According to the number of rainfall and the type of medication, the appropriate spraying of drugs, such as in the control of aphids, mites and other pests, the relevant personnel can spray 2.5% enemy killing emulsion 800 times liquid and 40% Kaile dispersion emulsion 800 times liquid, and should be sprayed 3-5 times by mid-August. For branches that have been severely cracked or dead, the relevant personnel should prune them in time.
6. Fruit bagging
Using a high-grade paper bag, unfolding the full bag can promote the coloring and smoothness of the fruit surface
The degree is improved to prevent the occurrence of rust and other diseases. Preferably in late May - early June
Bagging is carried out, and bagging cannot be done after mid-June. Bag removal 10-15 days before harvest.