Text/Song to warmth
01
In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449 AD), Emperor Mingyingzong Zhu Qizhen hastily marched, and finally defeated Tumu Fort, and himself was captured by the Wa la people.
He was captured on August 15, and on the 16th the news reached Beijing.
Empress Sun and Empress Qian blocked the news for the first time.
The first is to calm people's minds, and the other is to plan to redeem Zhu Qizhen with gold and silver jewelry to return to Beijing.
They searched overnight, and the next day they sent eunuchs to send a large amount of property to Ye outside Juyongguan.
It was hard to catch such a big walking gold mine in Zhuqi Town, and of course it would not release people first.
However, the property was accepted in full as ordered.
The town of Zhu Qi was also transferred from Xuanfu to Datong.
02
The paper can't contain the fire.
On August 18, the remnants of the defeated soldiers who escaped from the Battle of Tumu have appeared on the streets of Beijing one after another.
The news of the fiasco at Tumu fort was like a tornado that quickly blew through every corner of Beijing.
Empress Sun could only summon the officials of various ministries and courts, declare defeat, and order Zhu Qizhen's half-brother Zhu Qiyu the Prince of Qi to oversee the state and make Zhu Qizhen's son Zhu Jianshen crown prince.
By August 21, Empress Sun officially announced the capture of Zhu Qizhen and summoned her courtiers to discuss the next problems to be faced, but most of them were at a loss and would only cry with their headaches.
Xu Youzhen, the Hanlin attendant, was the first to go out of work, advocating the Mandate of Heaven and confusing people's hearts: "The celestial signs have already warned, and only by moving south and abandoning Beijing can we avoid disasters." ”
However, this kind of big disaster is about to fly separately, which is very appetizing to ordinary people.
A large number of gentry were already packing up their bags and planning to run.
Xu Youzhen's proposal to move south was immediately resolutely opposed by Yu Qian, a military attendant.
"Anyone who proposes to move south should be killed, Jingshi is the fundamental place in the world, is it not worth our vigilance in the situation of the Song Dynasty moving south?!"
Those who move south can be cut off. Kyoshi, the fundamental of the world, a big thing to do. I don't see the story of Song Nandu alone!
In Yu Qian's words, he talked about the key points.
Moving south in the case of just being defeated and losing troops will inevitably encourage the arrogance of Ye Xian, and the Nine Sides and Beijing will certainly not be able to hold on, and the entire north and northwest lines will fall;
The Wallachians are basically all cavalry, and once they break through the defensive line, those who move south will be wrapped in dumplings and will not be able to run far;
At that time, the best situation of the Ming Dynasty will become the demarcation of the Huai River or the division of the river, and it will certainly lose the hearts of the people, and whether it can continue to resist in Jiangnan is also a question;
And once the resistance was abandoned to flee south, Zhu Qizhen had no hope of returning.
The fate of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Second Emperor of Qin is the end that Zhu Qizhen can see at a glance.
Yu Qian's advice was supported by the official Shangshu Wang Zhi and the cabinet scholar Chen Xun, and Zhu Qiyu's close eunuch Jin Ying scolded Xu Youzhen out of the hall.
03
The consequences of escape have already been analyzed by Yu Qian.
Empress Sun and Zhu Qiyu also gave up this plan, and the Ming court was left with one way to defend Beijing!
Because the bingbu Shangshu Kuang was killed in the Battle of Tumu fort, Yu Qian was ordered to preside over military affairs and unify the command and coordination of the remaining troops of the Beijing camp.
The elites of the previous Beijing camp all let Zhu Qizhen take them out to send heads, and now the group of people who stay behind are all second-line guards, and they have never seen any big battles in peacetime.
Now we must not be able to rely on the second-line troops alone, and the current situation is not a matter of shouting a few slogans in the playground.
Therefore, the next day, Yu Qian immediately asked Zhu Qiyu to dispatch the garrisons of Henan, Shandong, and Nanjing nearby, as well as another Beijing army that had previously suppressed Deng Mao's seven uprisings in Fujian, to urgently return to Beijing.
(The Ming Dynasty, which was orthodox for fourteen years, was a three-front battle, with one part of the Jingying Army engaging in the Three Expeditions to Luchuan in Yunnan, the other quelling the Seven Rebellions of Deng Mao in Fujian, and of course, the most important one was taken by the emperor to travel to Tumu Fort.) No matter how many words you say, if Tumu Fort doesn't lose, then Zhu Qizhen's martial arts may really be able to blow like Zhu Di. ）
At the same time, Yu Qian ordered that tongzhou warehouse grain be urgently transported to Beijing.
(In Tongzhou Cangli, there is grain transported north by the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal over the years.) ）
Some courtiers suggested that the city of Tongzhou was small, easy to be attacked by the Wala army, and there was too much grain, and it could not be transported for a while and a half, so instead of letting it occupy it in the future, it was better to burn the Tongzhou warehouse now.
Yu Qian rejected this proposal, he had his own considerations: the population of Beijing City is too large, in case it is also necessary to carry out siege and reinforcements first, then the reinforcements outside the city will not burst in, the city will not be able to fight out, and there is no grain to support, then the capital will be difficult to defend.
So grab time with the Wallachians.
In addition to having the Shuntianfu mobilize five hundred large trucks overnight to transport Tongzhou grain into Beijing, and extensively and deeply mobilizing the masses of the people, encouraging everyone to give one or two pieces of silver to each of the people who transport twenty stones of grain to the Beijing warehouse for the government.
Moreover, it is possible to advance the Beijing official's Feng Lu next year.
When the big soldiers go to Tongzhou, they can receive half a year's worth of grain and rice at a time.
In this way, the grain storage in Tongzhou Warehouse was transported into Beijing by all the provinces as quickly as possible.
The qinwang's troops from all over the country came to Beijing one after another.
With the army and grain, the people's hearts are stable and a war can be fought.
04
Next, there is one more big thing that concerns the whole picture.
Before, I also thought that if I held Zhu Qizhen in my hand, I would take the lifeblood of the Ming Emperor.
The same is true of the facts.
Is there a way to void zhu Qizhen's trump card?
Yes, change an emperor.
Who will be king?
Judging from the bloodline and name at that time, Zhu Qizhen had a prince, but it was very unfortunate, at this time, the crown prince Zhu Jianshen was two years old, and the two-year-old child could cope with this critical moment of survival?
Empress Sun's pro-dynasty? Even less likely.
Her idea at this time was to redeem her son with money and shout with a loudspeaker outside Beijing, which was "Daming Fenghua" in YY.
Therefore, the second person to take the throne was naturally Zhu Qiyu, zhu Qizhen's half-brother and the prince of the prison state.
On August 29, Yu Qian joined forces with his cousin Empress Dowager to take Zhu Qiyu, the emperor's throne, to calm people's minds.
At this time, Empress Sun was having difficulty riding a tiger, and she had no choice but to agree to the request of the courtiers to make a clear intention.
Zhu Qiyu was terrified and repeatedly humbled.
He was not modest, and at this time he really did not want to be the emperor.
This is a crater, and who knows how many more days it will be?
The group of ministers was bitter, and Zhu Qiyu just didn't want to be emperor.
Yu Qiandao:
"Ministers and others are sincerely worried about the country, not for private purposes."
On Yu Qian's face, Zhu Qiyu saw the light of the right path.
Therefore, on the sixth day of the first month of September in the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449), Zhu Qiyu took the throne with the era name Jingtai.
Zhu Qizhen was revered as Emperor Taishang.
With the new emperor, the will of the Ming emperor to hold on to Beijing was even stronger.
05
At this time, he was also under Datong City first, and he played a good calculation-
It is necessary to use the great living treasure of Zhuqi Town to deceive the gates of Datong and create a springboard for the Wallachians to invade the hinterland of the Central Plains.
However, I did not expect that the Datong shou general Guo Deng (the grandson of Guo Ying, the Marquis of Wuding, and a relative of the old Zhu family's ashes) was a hard stubble.
The town of Zhuqi was taken outside Datong by the Wallachians, and Guo Deng was closed to the door.
Zhu Qizhen sent Yuan Bin, who was also under surveillance, to send a message to Guo Deng: "You and you have a friendship with each other, why are you so outward-looking!" ”
Guo Deng replied in the city: "Wei Chen was ordered to defend the city, and did not dare to open the door without authorization. ”
Allowing Yuan Bin to touch the door with his head and shout loudly under the city, the gate of Datong city was never opened.
The invasion of Wala was mainly cavalry and had almost no siege equipment, so they could not do anything about the Turtle Shell style of warfare of the Ming Army. On the twenty-fifth day, he finally pulled out the camp and left for Xuanfu.
If everyone thinks that Guo Deng only cares about defending the city and ignoring Zhu Qi Town, it will be a big mistake.
The Ming sentry had successfully infiltrated the Walla military camp and contacted Yuan Bin, hoping to take advantage of the night to bring Zhu Qi Back to Datong City.
But Zhu Qizhen was afraid of death and did not dare to follow them.
"The Deeds of the Northern Expedition" contains: Shang Yue: This dangerous matter cannot be made. I didn't die when I was in the earth, but my life is in heaven, and if I don't worry about it, how good is it?
Compared with Guo Deng, Yang Hong, the commander-in-chief of Xuanfu, was even more desperate.
Yang Hong didn't even show his face, and asked his staff general to casually find a reason for the absence of the general soldiers and send them away first.
For more than forty days, from August 15 to the first day of October, when the Battle of Tumu fort was fought, he had been circling between Xuanfu and Datong, but his vain attempt to use Zhu Qizhen to deceive the city gates had never been realized.
It was also during this time that Yu Qian was able to improve Beijing's urban defense deployment.
06
Seeing that there has been no great achievement, I have no patience at first.
Lao Tzu still had soldiers in his hands, so he didn't have to cling to Xuanfu Datong and just hit Beijing directly.
On the fourth day of October, the 30,000-strong army of The Wallachian army attacked Juyongguan, and after seeing that the city of Juyongguan was strong, they turned to attack Baiyangkou and Bauhinia Pass southwest of Juyongguan.
In the ninth month, he also led the main force to zijing pass and personally supervised the attack of the army.
Bauhinia Pass is also relatively steep, not a place to fight, but what is afraid of internal adultery.
At the moment of great urgency in the war, the eunuch Xi Ning, who surrendered to Wala, led the Wala army from the mountain path across the mountain ridge and attacked Bauhinia Pass.
Yushi Sun Xiang, the capital who was guarding Bauhinia Pass, commanded Han Qingbei to suffer from the enemy on his back and die in battle, and Bauhinia Pass fell.
The Wala army was finally able to march forward in two days, marching more than two hundred kilometers, and the outpost troops could see the tall walls of Beijing.
But the city of Beijing at this time is no longer the Beijing of a month and a half ago.
The Ming army had already gathered 220,000 troops, although from the quantitative point of view, the distribution of the nine gates of the Beijing Division was slightly stretched, but under the integration of Qian, everyone's spirit was different.
Everyone was no longer a look of disarray, ready to slip away, and the troops of the QinWang in various places were still constantly opening up.
Yu Qian also used Shi Heng, who had fled from Datong alone.
Shi Heng, this person, still has two brushes in the war.
The Wala army is getting closer and closer, and Yu Qian wants to unite all the forces that can be united.
He was willing to give Shi Heng a chance to wash away the shame of Datong.
07
Yu Qian dispatched his generals to lead his troops outside the nine gates of Beijing:
Deshengmen: Shi Heng, chief soldier, and Fan Guang, deputy commander-in-chief;
Andingmen: Dudu Tao Jin;
Dongzhimen: Guangning Bo Liu An;
Chaoyang Gate: Wujin Bo Zhu Ying;
Xizhimen: Dudu Liu Ju;
FuChengmen: Deputy Commander-in-Chief Gu Xingzu;
Xuanwu Gate: All command Tang Jie;
Chongwenmen: Governor Liu Dexin;
Zhengyang Gate: Both commanded Li Duan, and the large army was under Shi Heng's control.
Yu Qian entrusted the daily affairs of the military department to the attendant Wu Ning, while he himself was stubborn and sharp, and personally went to the Desheng Gate to meet the Army of Wallachia.
He also ordered all the gates to be closed to show his determination to fight a battle against the waters.
He affirmed military discipline to his generals:
"If the army retreats first, it will behead its generals, and if the army does not care about those who retreat first, the rear team will cut off the front team."
If you don't defeat the Wallachians, you won't enter beijing again!
If the Wala people want to enter the city, they must first step over us!
Yu Qian had courage and strategy, although he deployed the large army outside the city, it was not without a back hand, at this time, Yang Hong, the commander-in-chief of Xuanfu, led 20,000 elite soldiers, and Jiao Li, deputy commander of Liaodong, and Shi Ju, led 30,000 soldiers and horses to Beijing day and night.
On October 11, the fourteenth year of the orthodox dynasty, the Wallachian cavalry rushed directly under the city of Beijing and lined up outside the Xizhimen Gate.
I also saw that the Ming army was strictly in formation and did not dare to launch a hasty attack.
Instead, adopting the strategy of the traitorous eunuch Xi Ning, on the twelfth day he led his troops to take Zhu Qizhen up to the temporary tutai and declared: Your emperor (Zhu Qizhen) lost his way in the tumu fort, and now that I have sent him back, you will quickly send someone to welcome him back, but you will give me a large amount of thanks.
For this trick of the wolf grandmother tricking the little rabbit into opening the door, although the Ming Dynasty Junchen saw through it at a glance, he still had to accompany him to act first.
No way, Zhu Qi Town is in the hands of others.
The Ming court temporarily promoted two minor officials, Wang Fu of the Left Counselor of the Department of Communications and Politics as the Right Tongzheng, and Zhao Rong, a Zhongshu She, as the Shaoqing of the Taichang Temple, went out of the city to meet the Emperor Taishang and offered sheep wine.
A little cattle and sheep want to send the Wala people?
He also didn't read the national letter at first, his eyelids were not raised, and he said to Wang Fu: "I can't talk to you, a small official with a big sesame green bean, let Hu Qian, Yu Qian, Wang Zhi, Shi Heng and other people come to talk to me." ”
When Wang Fu and Zhao Rong brought the situation back to Beijing, Yu Qian's reply was loud:
"Today, I know that there is a military brigade, but it is not dare to hear it."
Don't hide the tired crookedness of the text, just a word, hit!
08
The next day, he also led his troops to launch a general attack on the city of Beijing.
Because he perceived that zhuqi town was also placed in the camp outside the Desheng Gate first, Yu Qian expected that the Desheng Gate would become the main direction of attack of the Wala people.
Therefore, he instructed Shi Heng to ambush the ambush troops of the Divine Machine Battalion in advance in the empty rooms near the Desheng Gate, and at the same time sent a small number of cavalry to induce the Valar cavalry to engage, and once the engagement was faltered, they pretended to be defeated and retreated, and when the Wallachians pursued within the range of the Divine Machine Battalion, they immediately fired fire bolts and artillery.
In the gap between the gunpowder filling, the archers immediately filled in and inflicted secondary casualties on the Wallachian cavalry.
In this way, the Wallachian cavalry was defeated, and the younger brother of The First Brother Pingzhang Polo was also killed in this battle.
He also suffered defeat outside the Desheng Gate first, and naturally would not give up and concede defeat, so he immediately turned his troops and pointed directly at xizhimen.
The defender of Xizhimen, Sun Bo, led his army to meet the battle, and several of the forwards of the Wala army were beheaded.
Seeing his bravery, the Wala army pretended to retreat.
Sun Bo made a great contribution, led the team in pursuit, and was led into the encirclement.
Sun Bo tried his best to fight, but his strength was weak, and he gradually lost his strength, and he fought and retreated, and finally retreated to Xizhimen.
He wanted to retreat into the city, but the gatekeeper Cheng believed in the humble and strict order, resolutely did not open the city gate, and only shot arrows and cannons on the city to assist Sun Bo.
At this point, Sun Bo could only continue to work with the determination to die.
Fortunately, Sun Bo survived until the general Mao Fushou led troops to the rescue.
The Wala people could not conquer for a long time, and they could only retreat.
09
Neither the deshengmen nor the Xizhimen attacks succeeded, and the Wala army reversed direction and attacked the Zhangyi Gate.
Yu Qian ordered the deputy commanders Wu Xing, The Governor Wang Jing, and Du to command Wang Yong to lead an army to the Zhangyi Gate to meet the battle.
The Ming army was spearheaded by fire bolts, with archers and infantry in the second row and cavalry in the last row.
Formations and the configuration of hot and cold weapons are appropriate.
The first round of fire salvo, another round of arrow rain, and at the same time to withstand the blows of bows and arrows and artillery on the city wall, the Wallachian cavalry can be described as miserable.
The Wallachian rear began to retreat.
The Ming army easily won the first battle.
But at this time, pig teammates appeared within the Ming Army.
The reason is the cavalry.
This group of Qiu Ba, seeing the lively fighting of the brothers in front of them, was very itchy, and they wanted to rush up to harvest the blood of the Wala people.
Ignoring the formation and not waiting for military orders, he rushed out of the rear team on a prancing horse without authorization, disrupting the corners of his own position, and at the same time making the firearms of the front team lose the attack power of the enemy, and the city could no longer fire bows and arrows to block the Wallachians.
The Wala cavalry took the opportunity to counterattack, the Ming army was defeated, and the leading general Wu Xingzhong was killed.
If it were not for Wang Hu and Mao Fushou and others who heard the news and rushed to help fight and repulse the Wara, the victory of Zhangyi Gate would be unpredictable...
10
Flying dragon riding face, how to lose?
The Wallachian army attacked Beijing for five consecutive days, but it still looked at the city and sighed.
In the case that the front was not allowed to enter Beijing, and the reinforcements from Xuanfu and Datong were coming to the rescue, they were also worried that the rear road would be cut off, so on October 15, they pulled out of the camp and fled north.
The defense of Beijing led by Yu Qian finally won a hard-won victory.