Chapter II
Cocoon into Butterfly (Part 1)
In the years when the villages of Niba and Jiangche were mired in mutual hatred and armed struggle, people did not pay attention to their personal images and clothing and living environment. The two villages were like two ignorant children, fighting over a beloved picture, beating their heads and bleeding, and rolling all over their faces. The injuries can't be taken care of, the pain can't be taken care of, where is the energy and mood to wash away the mud on the face?
Over the past 60 years, successive groups of cadres have successively entered the two villages of Nijiang to try to cure the "diseases" in the two villages of Nijiang, and although they have made arduous efforts, the "diseases of the Nijiang" have always been incurable. After Yu Chenghui quietly came to Niba and Jiang Che to investigate, he came back alone with a pestle on his chin for a long time, a sad face, and murmured: "For decades, they have been tightly bound in the darkness by the cocoon of hatred, they cannot see the light of life, they cannot find the meaning of life, they cannot be liberated, and they have exhausted all their emotions, hopes, happiness and resources without knowing it." ”
Those days, he kept thinking about a few questions: What is my relationship with such a group of people? What should I do in the face of their suffering? If they are some people who have fallen into nightmares or drowned, do I have a responsibility, do I want to wake them up from nightmares or rescue them from the water? From what angle or in what way can the rescue be effectively delivered? At that time, he was still the deputy secretary of the gannan prefecture party committee, and he had just come from his post as director of the Gansu Provincial Bureau of Letters and Visits. Although his position has changed, his mentality has not changed. Speaking of mentality, it is not that after the two positions changed, his mentality has not changed, in fact, since entering the workplace, his mentality has not changed. His heart is always willing to remember the poor people who are deeply involved in the quagmire of life for themselves or other reasons.
One
All those who have been to Chebagou are all impressed and shocked by the beauty of Chebagou.
As you walk from the mouth of the ditch to the depths, you will find that with the footsteps and eyes unfolding, it seems that it is not a natural landscape, but a picture scroll carefully painted by a painting giant. The river and road that wind along the river valley, the mountain rocks and trees on both sides of the valley, the mixed trees and dense grasslands, the green grasslands and cattle and sheep foraging, the combination and combination of various scenery in the mountains, seem to be randomly arranged, and it is better than careful carving. 200 years ago, an Austrian-American explorer, Joseph Locke, pulled the beautiful tail of the plateau and walked along the valley once, and his heartfelt admiration still echoes between the stone walls of the valley.
What a paradise, a fairy land!
It's just a pity that things in the world are never perfect. The so-called land of the gods and immortals is a dangerous place surrounded by auspicious clouds and mountains and rocks. Beauty is beautiful, but it cannot tolerate mortals to stop and live, nor can it tolerate the fireworks in the world that are disturbed. Usually, such a place, such a realm, can basically only live in one or two immortals, and there will not be more than eight at most. Even the immortals who do not eat fireworks in the human world and have high consciousness are prone to strife when they are more numerous. When there are eight gods, it is inconvenient to gather on the mountain, and it is necessary to go to the sea, where it is more spacious and easier to perform.
The river at the bottom of the valley is called the Cheba River, which is an important tributary of the Tao River; the road, called Jiangdi Road, is also an important scenic road connecting Gansu, Sichuan and Tibet. Despite the twists and turns, almost 100,000 passing vehicles pass through each year. On this road, it connects the Zhagana, Ruoerge Steppe and Jiuzhaigou of the Diebu, and the lower passes to the county seat of Zhuoni County, Lintan and Cooperation. When you arrive here, you have reached the place where Gannan and Western Sichuan blend, the terrain is complex, the population is gradually thinning, and the mountains and rivers are filled with lingering primitiveness and mystery.
After half an hour of driving along the way, a large village can be seen appearing on the side of the road. This is the famous Niba Village, of which there are only four administrative villages in Niba Township, Niba Village is the largest and most populous village. There are nearly 300 households in the village and more than 2,000 Tibetan residents. "Nipa" means "Yangpo" in Tibetan.
According to legend, in the grasslands of northwest Sichuan, a heroic family of demigods and demigods and half-people, in order to find a new home, crossed the mountains and mountains, went down a small stream, and when they passed the current Niba village, they were attracted by the local beauty, they took root and settled here for generations. In the end, it is the house of the gods and immortals, good at mastering and using the laws of operation between heaven and earth and mountains and rivers, and also good at seizing the terrain and terrain that are most favorable to themselves. The construction of the village is very exquisite, sitting north to south, built by the mountain, living towards the sun, sunny during the day, and not invaded by the north wind at night. The clear Cheba River runs through the village, and the first few rows of magna flags flutter in the wind, passing good wishes to the trickle of water. The river bends around, turns left from the south side of the village, and carries the wish for peace and auspiciousness downstream... According to the verifiable texts, this is a relatively well-preserved traditional village, which has a history of more than 200 years. In 2013, Niba Village was officially rated as a traditional Village in China by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, becoming the only village in Gannan Prefecture to be included in the "List of Traditional Chinese Villages".
Follow the Cheba River, out of the village, turn left, and go straight to Jiangche Village. Turning over a mountain, you can see another village located by the river, that is, the legendary Jiangche Village. On the hillside not far from the head of Jiangche Village, a ruin can still be seen faintly, and no one can see what kind of building it used to be. According to those familiar with the history of the two villages, that thing still existed more than 20 years ago, something that people in both villages are now ashamed to mention — a bunker used against the "enemy," the village of Niba.
Compared with Niba Village, Jiangche Village is smaller in scale, with a total of more than 270 households and more than 400 people. The history of Jiangche Village is about as long as the history of Niba Village, and perhaps the village was built a little later. Although the distance is not far away, and in the lower reaches of the river, it seems that the water of the river car is more magical than the water of Niba. Jiangche has always been a beauty, and even the former nemesis Niba people have to admit it. The men of Jiangche Village are angular and tall and handsome; the women of Jiangche Village are more feminine and graceful. People are beautiful and love beauty, the houses are also exquisitely built, and many houses in the village can be called the wonders of Chinese local residential architecture. In addition to architecture, there is also art, Jiangche Village amateur Nanmu Special Tibetan Theater Troupe, since its establishment in 1978, has rehearsed and performed a number of Tibetan operas loved by the vast number of Tibetan compatriots, and has performed more than 200 times in counties in the prefecture.
Jiangche Village also has its own legend, it is said that the ancestors of the people of Jiangche Village belonged to the Then Tubo King Chireba Jian ruled the Tibetan Kyaw Molong tribe, because of business, some ethnic groups once formed a caravan from the Dulong Yang Bajing, using yaks to drive goods to the east. After several years of long trekking, the caravan reached the beautiful Foothills of the Anihuagan Mountains (just upstream of Chebagou), the cattle were sleepy and tired, did not want to continue to walk, and saw that this beautiful no-man's land was a good place to develop animal husbandry, and simply settled down. 600 years later, their descendants continued down the river and migrated to what is now Jiangche Village, where they lived a semi-sedentary pastoral life. "Jiangche" means "foreign" in Tibetan.
When the story is told in the contemporary era, it is no longer a legend, but a vague memory of people.
According to the memories of the old people of the two villages, at first the people of the two villages were close relatives and friends. When the Jiangche people moved from upstream, it was the Niba people who generously took out their grass mountains to share and graze with the Jiangche people, and allowed them to settle in a village not far downstream of the river. No one can tell how many years the glue-like years have lasted. In such a sparsely populated plateau, it is actually a very good thing to have an adjacent village and tribe. The two villages can communicate with each other and move around to meet the spiritual needs of exchanging emotions between people and eliminating loneliness and loneliness; on the other hand, extensive genetic exchanges can also be carried out to avoid the decline in population quality and intelligence caused by marriages of close relatives within the tribe. In fact, the people of the two villages have also had many exchanges and marriages in history, and they have sincerely needed each other and have also received each other's giving and help.
It's just that people walk and walk, they look down, only see the square inch in front of their feet, forget to look back at how the road was walked, and forget to look up to see how the road ahead should go. When people only look at the present, their hearts and realms become smaller. Small gains and losses can be seen clearly, calculated carefully, more really, and fought fiercely, and the big successes and failures will be thrown behind or ignored. In addition, since ancient times, "grace" and "resentment" have always been twin sisters who have accompanied each other, and there is not so much grace, and there is not so much deep resentment. Supposedly, Grace should be able to resolve subsequent grievances, but the facts are always disappointing, and the result is that Grace has a lot of resentment. This is a terrible weakness in human nature.
The enmity and disputes between Jiangche Village and Niba Village were already revealed before the founding of New China. With the expansion of the population of the two villages and the large increase of cattle and sheep, the original grass mountain appeared tense and more and more tense. At this time, there is a question of who should let whom.
"Who do you say should let whom?" The villages you live in today were given to you by our predecessors! "Of course the Nibas are righteous.
"What kind of life is that?" 800 years ago, it was empty. Kusakamoto is a national, and whoever uses it should be counted as whoever uses it! "Jiangche people also show no weakness.
After the founding of New China, the problems of Jiangche Village and Niba Village should have been settled and settled. Perhaps because this is an ethnic minority area, many issues are very sensitive, and they dare not easily touch it, and over time they have dragged on into historical issues.
The problem dragged on until 1958, when some contradictions occurred between the two villages. Entered a state of intense confrontation and conflict. In view of the complicated situation in Chebagou at that time, Zhuoni County stationed a special armed team leader in Chebagou to maintain order and resolve conflicts until 1978.
In 1963, during the People's Commune period, Niba Village and Jiangche Village finally had the opportunity to sit down and discuss the settlement of historical problems, so the first agreement on the Grass Mountain Dispute was produced, and for the first time, the two villages were divided into grazing, and this form of grazing was maintained until the period of contract production to households.
In August 1980, the country's land use policy changed again, and the two villages brought historical issues to the table for debate. After negotiations between the two sides, in accordance with historical customs, the "Agreement on Niba Jiangche Caoshan in Zhuoni County" was produced, and Jiangche Village recognized that the autonomy of the disputed Caoshan belonged to Niba Village, and Jiangche Village paid annual caoshan royalties to Niba Village since 1980.
After the right to use The grass mountain is distributed to individuals, people pay more attention to the right to use and are more calculated. In March 1983, the two villages had a fierce friction over the use of Grass Mountain. On the basis of negotiations between the two sides, the county government approved the "Niba Jiangche Caoshan Dispute Mediation Ruling" drafted by the Chebagou Caoshan Mediation Committee, which once again clarified that the ownership of Caoshan mountain belongs to Niba Village, and Jiangche Village must pay a grass mountain fee to Niba Village when using Caoshan, and the boundary between the use of Caoshan between the two sides is still in accordance with the practice before 1958.
In August 1986, disputes resumed, and the villagers of the two villages fought together. On the basis of the investigation and study and mass work of the working groups stationed in the prefectures, counties and townships, the People's Government of Zhuoni County made the "Decision on the Supplementary Handling of the Caoshan Dispute between the Two Villages of Niba and Jiangche", which clearly requested the maintenance of the ruling approved by the county government in March 1983 and further refined the co-pastoral area.
In the meantime, the confrontation and conflict between the two villages continued, and the anger of the villagers grew, escalating from controversy to fierce conflict, from injustice to anger.
On October 18, 1995, the long-simmering anger in the two villages was triggered by the unfriendly behavior of individual villagers, and the outbreak was bloodshed. The people of the two villages, in the shadow of hatred, casualties and turmoil, spent 17 years of suffering full of hatred and fear, emptying a god-given paradise.
Two
Yang Shidong, who has been working in Chebagou Township from 1997 to 2017, has witnessed almost the whole process of fierce conflict between Jiangche and Niba villages. When he mentioned the past, he immediately looked at him with a sigh: "For me, it was also a nightmare 20 years." ”
Yang Shidong stood on the small bridge outside Jiangche Village and at the bend of the Ba River, pointed to the hillside in the distance, and just said the words "Just in..." The two words were suddenly interrupted. Maybe he couldn't say anything because he was emotionally excited, or maybe it was the sudden flash of some intense scene that made him feel overwhelmed again. After a slight pause, he still said the following.
On October 18, 1995, when the first bloodshed broke out in the villages of Jiangche and Niba, he had not yet come to Chebagou Township to work. The scenes and details of that large-scale armed struggle were interrupted and heard from the villagers when he fully understood the situation later. When the replayed images are stitched together, it is a complete scene, and the scene often makes him feel frightened, as if he has been there. That historical node later became a huge "knot" or scar in his thought and emotional channel, and whenever he encountered it, it would be like a wheel encountering a stone, "clucking" a card. His 20 years of grassroots work experience began at that point in time. It was like the fate of an early ambush there, meeting him on the orbit of fate when he came two years later.
"It's on that hillside." Yang Shidong's outstretched hand did not withdraw it, and continued.
More than 200 people in Jiangche Village and more than 300 people in Niba Village, like two black streams of water, quickly converge against the green hills to the top of the slope. Vastly different wills and wills are now wrapped up in an unconscious will, running in a direction that cannot be swayed or changed. Under the impact of the huge inertia of the flow of people, people who originally had thoughts, emotions, and judgments of right and wrong, good and evil, now have nothing, only walking dead who are coerced by actions.
When the armed struggle was carried out in the evening, more than 100 villagers from neighboring villages who had heard the news and rushed to persuade them to fight forcibly dispersed the people who were entangled in the two villages of Jiangche and Niba with wooden sticks. A little later, the township cadres who went to the county to report led the public security cadres and policemen to the scene of the armed struggle, and carried out on-site investigation, photography, autopsy, and records as usual... Counting the battlefields, 4 people died in Jiangche Village and were wounded; there were no deaths and some wounds in Niba Village.
The next day, at the same location, the two villages once again gathered their troops to fight. Because jiangche village suffered a big loss in the fight the day before, he was unwilling, and the next day he changed his strategy, causing 2 people in Niba village to die, and his side was not injured.
According to the local Tibetan rules, after death, people are required to stay at home for 7 days. During these 7 days, not only do you have to pay for the lamas or living Buddhas in the temple to chant the sutras to the undead, but also relatives, friends, neighbors, etc. in the village and neighboring villages, as long as there are some people who come and go to help chanting Mani. After the procedure is completed, the undead are safe, and the deceased is buried on an auspicious day. But villagers who died in the fight between the two villages could not enjoy these treatments, and could only burn on the slopes of grass hills as a battlefield. After the armistice, the people of both villages became discouraged, temporarily put aside the dispute over grass and mountains, and each was busy burning the dead people in their own villages. When dealing with the aftermath, the two villages are also on the side of the hillside, just as when the deceased fought before they died. Probably worried that these undead can only wander in the mountains after death, spreading anger, so the cries of the families and relatives and friends of the deceased are particularly miserable.
After a fight, the original problem that was intended to be solved was still not solved, but 6 lives were taken in vain. The injured people of various degrees and states should not elaborate, no matter what, there is still a life. All physical wounds heal one day, and only the black hole left by the dead to the soul of the living and the knowledgeable can never be bridged.
When his father died in that fight, Gama Daj had just turned 20 years old. After the blows and pain of the collapse of the sky, he could only temporarily pack a bag full of sadness and memories of his father in the corner of his heart. Then, little by little, raise your head, straighten your waist, straighten your chest, and face the reality that you have to face by yourself. In any case, life will continue to go on, and only his mother, sister and a young brother will be left in the family, and everything will fall on his shoulders. The beard on the mouth has not yet grown, and it is necessary to take on all the duties of the family and the village like an adult.
After his father's death, the village took out a little money and symbolically made some compensation, and some people said to him: "You have to follow your father's example, be a hero, and persist in the struggle on the grass mountain." You are not small, and in the future you will actively participate in the activities and struggles in the village to avenge the death of your father..."
At that time, Gama Dajie was still young, and he also thought that his father was a hero who sacrificed for the benefit of everyone, so he held back the sadness in his heart every year when he went up the mountain to mourn his father, and did not let the tears flow. He wanted the father who was buried underground to see that his son was out of the ordinary, and that he was as heroic as he was.
Remembering the tragic appearance of his father's death, Gama Dajie's heart sometimes burst into nameless anger, but strangely, he couldn't find the direction, and he didn't know where this anger should burn. Just as the people of the Public Security Bureau came several times and could not find out who the murderer of his father really was, he did not know who to avenge. Then hate all the people in niba village! But sometimes I don't think it's quite right, because there are so many people killed and injured in Niba Village, and it's quite pitiful to see them. One day, on the road, he saw a little girl from the village of Niba, and he wanted to beat her up when the adult was not present, but looking at her eyes, timid, soft, his heart softened. Think about it or forget it, everything that happens in the adult world has nothing to do with her, why hurt her?
The hatred between the two villages of Jiangche and Niba seems to be getting deeper and deeper. In order to ensure that the grassland of their own villages is not invaded by the other side, every spring when the pasture is moved, the two villages must gather troops, and when the agreed day arrives, the teams on both sides will first assemble on the border line, and if the other side has a slight irregular move or language, the two villages will fight. In the most sensitive grasslands, both villages usually have people on duty, protecting the grass hills and villagers of their own villages at any time, and clashes may occur at any time, resulting in casualties.
Several groups in the village launched collective fights and assassinations, and they all shouted to avenge the dead, but Gama Dajie felt more and more that those things had nothing to do with his father and his own life. His own 30 yaks are cared for by their mother and sister every day, and it seems that they can feed them by casually finding a hillside to put down, and they do not need to give up their lives to fight for grasslands, but the families of those who are rich and powerful but do not have to participate in the war need a large and large grassland. Looking at the days of his own family, it seems that he is even more dilapidated than when his father died, he wants a house and no house, he wants money and no money, he wants to eat or not, he wants to drink or drink, and he really doesn't know what he is fighting and killing outside every day. After the death of his father, his mother's mood to live a life was immediately dissipated, the house was as dirty as a sheep pen, and he was too lazy to clean up, on the surface the family was still living a life, but he and his mother tacitly agreed, because there were two small dolls, there was no way not to live a life.
Every time he acted with other people, killed the other person or carried the dead people from his own village back to bury, he felt that it was quite uninteresting for people to live, and good people said that death would die, quietly and meaninglessly. The side of the dead person is both sad in his heart, and he feels that he has no face; the person who beats people to death is also worried every day, can so many people die in vain? Sooner or later, someone will come to the door to settle the account, and those who kill people will be punished. Usually, parents and monks in the temple always say that they must accumulate virtue and do good deeds, even trampling on an ant, catching a fish in the river are scolded by people for spewing dog blood, or secretly cursing, but every year in the village, there is no one to take care of the dead people, no one to stop it? When is this all-day fight and kill, when is it a head? Although he did not say it on his lips, in his heart he hoped that this state of life would end quickly every day. (To be continued)
Ren Linju
He is a member of the National Committee of the China Writers Association, vice chairman of the Jilin Writers Association, and vice chairman of the Electric Power Writers Association. He is the author of: "Corn Land", "Grain Road", "The Form of Time", "This Mind and This Thought", "Tiger Howl" and so on. His works have been translated into English, Russian, Korean, Mongolian and other languages. He has won the 6th Lu Xun Literature Award, the 6th Bingxin Prose Award, the 7th Lao She Prose Award, the 2nd Feng Zikai Prose Award, the 1st Sanmao Prose Award, the 2014 Best Chinese Prose Award, the Changbaishan Literature and Art Award, the Jilin Literature Award, etc.