Singapore is located at 1°18′ N, 103°51′ E, adjacent to the southern mouth of the Strait of Malacca, close to Malaysia across the narrow Strait of Johor to the north, and connected by the New Johor Causeway and the Second Passage on the northern and western borders.
Across the Strait of Singapore to the south, there are ferry links to the Indonesian islands of Bintan and Batam. Singapore's land area is 719.1 square kilometers, the total coastline of more than 200 kilometers, the country consists of More than 60 islands such as Singapore Island, St. John's Island, Turtle Island, Sentosa Island, Sister Island, Jiong Island, etc., the largest three outer islands are Jurong Island, De Kwang Island and Ubin Island.
As a result of the reclamation project to create a new land area, an additional 100 square kilometres of land will be added. Singapore's standard time is UTC+8, which is 1 hour faster than its location time.
Singapore's terrain is undulating, its western and central areas are made up of hilly land, mostly covered by woods, the eastern and coastal strips are plains, and the geographical highest point is Bukit Timah, which is 163 meters high.
Singapore is located in the tropics, controlled by the equatorial low pressure zone for many years, and has a rainy climate at the equator, with small annual temperature differences and daily temperature differences. The average temperature is between 23 and 34 °C, the average annual rainfall is around 2,400 mm, and the humidity is between 65% and 90%.
The rainy season is around November to March, with unstable weather due to the wetner northeast monsoon, with thunderstorms usually occurring in the afternoon, with average low temperatures hovering between 24 and 25°C.
From June to September, the southwest wind blows the driest. During the alternate monsoon months, which are April to May, and from October to November, the ground is weak and changeable and the sun is extremely hot, and the maximum temperature on the island can reach 35 ° C.
About 23% of Singapore's land is forested or nature reserves, while urbanization has limited the size of rainforests, mainly distributed in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and 3 protected areas, western lots and offshore islands.
Due to the limitations of the terrain, the rivers in Singapore are quite short, and there are 32 major rivers on the island, such as the Kranji River, the Punggol River, the Serangoon River, etc., and the longest river is the Kallang River. Most of the rivers have been converted into cisterns to provide drinking water for residents.