Introduction to Mandarin Pronunciation and Pronunciation (3)
1. Hanyu Pinyin scheme. The Hanyu Pinyin scheme adopts the internationally accepted Latin alphabet and uses phonemic syllable structure spelling, which is a scheme of Mandarin with Beijing pronunciation as the standard tone. It includes 4 parts: alphabet, vowel table, vowel table, and tone symbols. There are 26 letters in the alphabet, of which 25 letters spell all the syllables in Mandarin. The vowel table and vowel table are specified according to the characteristics of the Mandarin phonetic structure, and the 25 letters are combined into 21 vowels and 39 vowels.
Second: Problems to be paid attention to in the process of using Hanyu Pinyin.
(1) The rhymes of the words "zhi, 蚩, poem, day, zi, female, and si" are-、- written as zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, and si, respectively.
(2): The rhyming mother "child" is written as "er", and when used as a rhyme ending, it is written as r. For example: "Flowers" spelled "huar".
(3): The vowel of the i line, when there is no vowel in front, take w as the vowel, and write it as yi (clothes), ya (ya), ye (ya), yao (waist), you (worry), yan (smoke), yin (cause), yang (yang), ying (Ying), and yong (yong).
(4): The vowel of the u line, when there is no vowel in front, takes w as the vowel, and is written as wu (wu), wa (wow), wo (wo), wai (crooked), wei (wei), wan (bend), wen (wen), wang (wang), weng (weng).
(5): The vowel of the ü line, when there is no vowel in front, take y as the vowel, and at the same time omit the two points on the ü line, written as yu (迂), yue (about), yuan (wrong), yun (halo).
(6): When the vowel of the ü line is spelled with the vowel j, q, and x, the two points on the ü are omitted, but when the vowel l and n are spelled, the two points on the ü must not be omitted. They are written as ju (居), qu (區), xu (虚), lü (Lü), nü (female).
(7): When iou, uei, and uen are preceded by vowels, they are written as abbreviations as iu, ui, and un, respectively, for example: niu (cow), gui (gui), lun (on).
Three: Tone symbols.
Yin Ping (—), Yang Ping (/), Shangsheng (√), Desheng (\).
The tone symbol is marked on the main vowel of the syllable, and the soft voice is not marked.
Four: Sound insulation symbols. When syllables beginning with a, o, e are connected after other syllables, if the boundaries of the syllables are confused, they are separated by a sound insulation symbol (').