On June 5, 2018, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Central Civilization Office, the Ministry of Education, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, and the All-China Women's Federation jointly issued the Code of Conduct for Citizens' Ecological Environment (Trial), which put forward specific requirements for how people practice ecological environmental protection in their daily lives. In order to understand the basic situation of the public's ecological and environmental behavior in China, guide and encourage the public to actively practice the ecological environment behavior and actively participate in the ecological and environmental protection work, the Environmental and Economic Policy Research Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment organized the questionnaire survey of citizens' ecological environmental behavior.
The survey was conducted mainly through the portal website. The survey period is from April 10 to April 30, 2019, covering 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and 13,086 valid questionnaires were recovered. Among them, the urban sample accounted for 84.8%, higher than the rural; the male sample accounted for 64.7%, higher than the female; the 26-59 age group accounted for 83.1%; college, undergraduate and above population accounted for 76.1%.
The main findings and conclusions of the survey are:
The public generally recognizes the importance of individual behavior to ecological environmental protection, and has a high degree of practice in most areas of ecological and environmental behavior, such as paying attention to the ecological environment, saving resources and energy, choosing low-carbon travel, reducing pollution, and caring for natural ecology, and can "integrate knowledge and action", but there is still a phenomenon of "high awareness and low practice" in the fields of practicing green consumption, classifying garbage, participating in environmental protection practices, and participating in supervision and reporting.
There are three main categories of factors that respondents believe influence behavior:
The first is personal factors, including ecological and environmental knowledge, awareness, habits, lifestyles, etc. Green consumption behaviors such as "bringing your own shopping bags when shopping" and environmental protection practices such as "giving work suggestions to the government" have a low degree of practice, mainly related to personal awareness and habits.
The second is policy and institutional factors. For example, the reason why the public believes that the low degree of green consumption behavior such as "purchasing green products and durable goods, not buying disposable products and excessively packaged goods" is mainly related to the irregular market management and imperfect certification system; the low degree of practice of "garbage classification" is related to the imperfect garbage disposal system and infrastructure.
The third is the platform channel factor. For example, the public believes that the low degree of practice of green consumption behaviors such as "transformation and utilization, exchange of donations or the sale and purchase of idle items" is mainly due to the lack of a communication and donation platform; it is believed that the main factors affecting the supervision and reporting behavior are the unsmooth supervision channels and the untimely feedback processing.
First, pay attention to the ecological environment: the public pays more attention to the ecological environment information, has a certain understanding of the ecological environment knowledge, but there is a large room for improvement.
Paying attention to ecological and environmental information, understanding relevant knowledge and policies, and improving one's own awareness and environmental literacy are the basis for the public to participate in ecological and environmental protection work. This survey selected two aspects: "paying attention to the ecological environment information released by the government, enterprises or other institutions" and the mastery of ecological environment knowledge, to understand the public's concern about the ecological environment.
(1) More than 60% of respondents often "pay attention to ecological and environmental information", and people with high academic qualifications, urban residents, and groups engaged in environmental protection related work pay more attention to ecological environment information.
According to the survey, 75.3% of the respondents believe that "individuals pay attention to the ecological environment information released by the government, enterprises or other institutions" is important for protecting the ecological environment, and 60.8% of the respondents "always" or "often" pay attention to ecological environment information, and the degree of practice is closer to the degree of awareness.
There are differences in the respondents' behavior of "paying attention to ecological and environmental information", mainly related to their educational level, urban and rural attributes and other factors. The degree of attention to ecological environment information is positively related to the level of education, and the number of respondents who "always" or "often" pay attention to ecological environment information is as high as 60%, while the population of primary schools and below is less than 40%; at the same time, the difference between urban and rural behavior is obvious, and urban respondents pay more attention to ecological environment information; respondents engaged in environmental protection work in party and government organs, public institutions and social groups pay more attention to ecological environment information, and the attention of community grass-roots workers is relatively low.
Figure 1 People with different educational attainments pay attention to ecological and environmental information
Figure 2 People of different working units pay attention to ecological and environmental information
From the perspective of the four major regions, the eastern, central and western populations are more concerned about ecological and environmental information, and the number of people who "always" or "often" pays attention to more than 60%; the number of people in the northeast region is relatively small, and the number of people who "always" or "often" pay attention accounts for 45.5%.
Figure 3 The public in the four regions is concerned about the ecological environment information
(2) The public understands a certain amount of ecological and environmental knowledge, but the understanding of specific information related to government work needs to be strengthened.
Respondents' knowledge of the ecological environment was generally good. 84.9% of the respondents knew that "the generation of smog has nothing to do with the combustion of loose coal" is wrong; 81.6% of the respondents knew about the release of the "Citizens' Ecological and Environmental Code of Conduct (Trial)"; 78.8% of the respondents knew that "outdoor barbecue will produce PM2.5". In addition, 65.8% of the respondents know about the environmental protection reporting hotline, which is relatively less than the previous ones, indicating that the public's understanding of the specific work information of the government has room for improvement.
Figure 4 Statistics on the correct rate of public ecological and environmental knowledge answers
The educational attainment affects the respondents' knowledge of the ecological environment. For environmental knowledge such as "outdoor barbecue produces PM2.5" and "the generation of smog is not related to loose coal combustion", the higher the education level of respondents, the better their mastery. At the same time, respondents are generally aware of the release of the Code of Conduct for Citizens' Ecological Environment (Trial).
Figure 5 Ecological and environmental knowledge of people with different educational levels
Second, save energy resources: the public practice is high, and it is generally "consistent in knowledge and action".
Diligence and thrift are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, and saving energy resources is of great significance to reducing the pressure on China's ecological environment. This survey selected two typical behaviors, such as "energy-saving behaviors such as turning off the lights at hand and turning off the power supply of electrical appliances in time" and "moderate ordering or packaging after meals when eating out", to examine the public's conservation of energy resources.
The survey found that nearly 90% of the public often pay attention to "turning off the lights at will and turning off the power of electrical appliances in time". 78.7% of the respondents believe that this behavior is important for protecting the ecological environment in our country; 89.2% of the respondents "always" or "often" turn off the lights and turn off the electrical power in time, indicating that this has become a common habit. The most important consideration for their better practice is "saving energy resources", followed by "for safety" and "for cost savings", accounting for 54.1%, 26.1% and 19.0% respectively.
Figure 6 The main considerations for the public to often "turn off the lights at will and turn off the power of electrical appliances in time"
At the same time, more than 70% of the public has a high evaluation of their own practice of "moderate ordering or packing after meals when eating out". 80.2% of the respondents believe that this behavior is important for protecting China's ecological environment, and 72.6% of the respondents believe that they have done a "very good" or "relatively good" job in this regard. By age group, age was positively correlated with self-evaluation of "moderate ordering or packing when eating out" . The proportion of seniors aged 65 and over who believe that they are doing "very well" or "relatively well" is as high as 91.3%, while the proportion of 18 years old and younger is only 53.4%.
Figure 7 Behavior of people of different ages in "moderate ordering or packing after meals when eating out"
In addition, the self-evaluation of highly educated people on "moderate ordering or packing when eating out" is generally higher, and the proportion of respondents with a master's degree or above who believe that they have done a "very good" or "relatively good" job in this regard is as high as 76.9%.
Figure 8 Self-evaluation of the behavior of the public at different levels of education in "moderate ordering or packing when eating out"
Third, the practice of green consumption: the public highly recognizes the importance of green consumption, but due to factors such as quality and price, the degree of practice is relatively low.
Green consumption is of great significance to promote the formation of green development methods and lifestyles, and everyone should practice them. The survey examined three typical green consumption behaviors, including "buying green products and durable goods, not buying disposable products and excessively packaged goods", "bringing your own shopping bag instead of plastic bags" and "renovating and using, exchanging donations or buying and selling idle items".
(1) The public's practice of green consumption behaviors such as "purchasing green products and durable goods, not buying disposable products and excessively packaged goods" is relatively low, mainly related to factors such as market management, product prices and certification systems.
Only 50% of respondents had high self-evaluations in green consumption behaviors such as "buying green products and durable goods, not buying disposable products and overpackaged goods". 89.6% of respondents believe that this behavior is important, but only 54.1% of respondents think that they are doing a "very good" or "good job". At the same time, respondents believe that the main factors affecting their purchase of green products are product quality, price and certification standards, including "market management is not in place, green product quality is not guaranteed" (66.7%), "green product prices are higher" (51.2%) and "green product certification standard system is not perfect" (48.6%). In addition, 11.6% of the respondents believe that "people around rarely buy" is one of the reasons that hinder them from choosing green products, indicating that some members of the public still have a follow-up mentality and need to establish a sense of ecological and environmental protection action of "starting from me".
Figure 9 Reasons that discourage the public from purchasing green products in their daily lives
(2) Nearly 60% of the respondents failed to bring their own shopping bags often when shopping, and they believed that the influencing factors mainly included convenience and personal habits, and the middle-aged and elderly groups and the eastern region had a relatively high degree of practice.
The survey found that 84.7% of respondents believe that "bringing your own shopping bag instead of plastic bags" is important, but only 43.8% of respondents "always" or "often" bring their own shopping bags. Respondents believe that the main reasons for not being able to bring their own shopping bags often include "shopping bags are inconvenient to carry" (49.6%), "there is no habit of bringing their own shopping bags" (43.8%), "many merchants will provide plastic bags for free and do not need to bring their own bags" (35.7%), "have accepted the fact that plastic bags are paid for use, and plastic bags are cheap" (26.9%) and "people around them rarely bring" (17.4%). This shows that the public's failure to bring their own shopping bags often is mainly affected by personal factors, and a large proportion of people would rather pay extra money to buy plastic bags than change their personal living habits.
Figure 10 Reasons preventing the public from "bringing their own shopping bags" when shopping
There are differences in the behavior of people of different regions and ages in bringing their own shopping bags. From a local point of view, the frequency of respondents in Hainan, Beijing and Shanghai with their own shopping bags is relatively high, and the proportion of "always" or "often" shopping bags is 60.5%, 58.4% and 55.9% respectively. From the perspective of the four major regions, the frequency of the eastern region is relatively high, the number of people who "always" or "often" bring their own shopping bags accounts for 50.2%, and the other three regions are relatively low. From the perspective of different age groups, as the respondents increased in age, the proportion of people who "always" or "often" brought their own shopping bags increased, and the habit of the middle-aged and elderly group to bring their own shopping bags was better.
(3) Only 20% of the respondents "always" or "often" renovate and utilize, exchange donations or buy and sell idle items, and most of the respondents believe that platform channels and convenience are the main factors affecting their behavior.
73.9% of the respondents believe that "actively transforming and utilizing, exchanging donations or buying and selling idle items in their daily lives" is important, but only 20.4% of the respondents "always" or "often" transform and utilize, exchange donations or buy and sell idle items. Respondents believe that "not being able to find a suitable platform and channel" is the main reason why they fail to "renovate, exchange donations or buy and sell idle items" frequently, accounting for 69.3%, followed by "inconvenience", "too much time and energy" and "few people around them do this", accounting for 37.3%, 36.4% and 23.2% respectively.
Figure 11 Statistics on the reasons that prevent people from "renovating and utilizing, exchanging donations or buying and selling idle items"
Fourth, choose low-carbon travel: low-carbon travel is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and has become the main mode of travel adopted by most of the public.
More than 60% of the public often adopt low-carbon travel methods. 84.6% of the respondents believe that "daily travel is mainly based on walking, cycling or taking public transportation" is important for protecting China's ecological environment. 63.3% of respondents "always" or "often" walk, ride or take public transport.
Nearly 40% (36.7%) of respondents still "barely", "rarely" or "generally" predominantly walk, cycle or take public transport, which they believe is mainly affected by factors such as convenience, infrastructure and time costs. Specific reasons include "inconvenience" (63.1%), "imperfect infrastructure (sidewalks, bike lanes, bus stops, etc.) (53.5%) and "too much time and effort" (39.2%). In addition, a small number of respondents believe that "few people around them do this" (3.2%) and "detrimental to their identity" (1.7%) are the main reasons for their failure to adopt low-carbon travel on a regular basis, indicating that the phenomenon of following the trend and comparing still exists.
Figure 12 Reasons that prevent the public from "traveling on foot or cycling or taking public transport on a daily basis"
Fifth, classified garbage: the public highly agrees with the importance of garbage classification, but the degree of practice is generally low, and the public believes that the garbage disposal system and classification knowledge are the main influencing factors.
Among all the ecological and environmental behaviors in this survey, the respondents most recognized the importance of "garbage sorting", but the difference between actual actions and awareness was the largest. More than 90% (92.2%) of the respondents believe that "garbage classification" is important for protecting China's ecological environment, but only 30% (30.1%) of the respondents believe that they have done a "very good" or "good job" in "garbage classification".
Respondents believe that the main reasons affecting their own garbage classification are "there is no classified garbage can in the community" and "garbage is not classified when the garbage is transferred centrally, so there is no need to classify and put it", accounting for 63.7% and 59.6% respectively; followed by "do not know how to classify" and "do not understand the processing progress and results of the garbage after classification, there is no sense of achievement", accounting for 36.5% and 34.5% of the number of people, respectively. In addition, there are also two personal subjective factors of "few people around to classify" and "too troublesome, no energy", accounting for 22.2% and 13.3% of the number of people, respectively.
Figure 13 The main reasons hindering the public from sorting garbage
Among the four major regions, respondents in the northeast and eastern regions had relatively good self-evaluation of garbage sorting, with 33.0% and 32.4% of the respondents believing that they were doing "very well" or "relatively good", respectively; the western and central regions had relatively poor self-evaluations, accounting for 27.7% and 27.0% respectively.
Figure 14 Self-evaluation of public garbage sorting behavior in four major regions
Sixth, reduce the generation of pollution: the public has a high degree of practice in the behavior of "no fireworks and firecrackers", which is more consistent with the awareness, but there are urban-rural and age differences.
The survey found that the traditional custom of "setting off fireworks and firecrackers" during the New Year's Festival has undergone major changes. 72.4% of the people believe that "no fireworks and firecrackers" is important for protecting the ecological environment, and 69.2% of people "hardly" or "rarely" set off fireworks and firecrackers, which to a certain extent indicates that the traditional life concepts and methods of the respondents have undergone significant changes. At the same time, comparing the ecological and environmental awareness and behavior of respondents in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions, it is found that the awareness of the "no fireworks and firecrackers" behavior of the respondents in the eastern region is relatively low, and the degree of practice is relatively high, indicating that strict institutional policies such as the "ban on combustion order" have indeed achieved good results.
At the same time, there are urban and rural and age differences in the behavior of all kinds of people in "setting off fireworks and firecrackers". Compared with cities and towns, the proportion of respondents who set off fireworks during holidays in rural areas is significantly higher. In addition, young and middle-aged people under the age of 40 are the main body of fireworks, but the proportion of fireworks and firecrackers "always" or "frequently" in this group is not much higher than that of other age groups, indicating that the way the younger generation celebrates during the holidays has changed.
Figure 15 Statistics on the display of fireworks and firecrackers on public holidays in towns and villages
Figure 16 Behavior of people of different ages "always and regularly" setting off fireworks
7. Care for natural ecology: Nearly 90% of the public "do not buy and use rare wild animals and plants or other products" for consumption.
The protection of wild animals and plants is conducive to maintaining biodiversity, maintaining ecological balance and promoting sustainable development. The survey examined the public's performance in "not buying and using rare wildlife or other products" behavior.
"Not buying and using rare wild animals and plants or other products" is the behavior with the highest degree of public practice in various ecological and environmental behaviors, and the public's practice and awareness of it are more consistent. 85.4% of the respondents believe that "not buying and using rare wild animals and plants or other products" is important for protecting China's ecological environment, while 89.5% of the respondents believe that they have done a "very good" or "good job" in this behavior.
8. Participate in environmental protection practice: Less than 40% of the respondents have made suggestions and suggestions to the government, of which there are relatively more in the eastern region and fewer in the northeast; the highly educated people and environmental protection practitioners have a higher degree of practice.
Participating in environmental protection practice is an important part of the public's participation in ecological environmental protection work. The survey mainly examined the situation of citizens "giving work suggestions to the government through open channels such as the Internet and hotlines".
The survey found that 66.5% of the respondents believe that "giving work suggestions to the government through the Internet, hotlines and other public channels" is "very important" or "relatively important" to promote the protection of the ecological environment of enterprises; while only 37.6% of the respondents have taken the initiative to give suggestions to the government. Among them, the proportion of actions in the eastern region (40.0%) was the highest, and the lowest in the northeast region (28.5%). In general, the public's awareness and practice of "taking the initiative to give work suggestions to the government" are low and need to be improved.
Figure 17 Proportion of the public in the four regions who take the action of "giving work suggestions to the government through open channels such as the Internet and hotlines"
Among the people with different levels of education, the proportion of respondents who have "undergraduate/junior college" who have "made work suggestions to the government through open channels such as the Internet and hotlines" is higher (40.9%), and the proportion of respondents in junior high schools and below is relatively small.
Figure 18 Proportion of the public with different levels of education "giving work suggestions to the government through open channels such as the Internet and hotlines"
There are also large differences between respondents of different work unit types. Among them, the respondents of "party and government organs or government institutions engaged in environmental protection work" and the practitioners of environmental protection social organizations "give work suggestions to the government through open channels such as the Internet and hotlines" have the highest proportion, 56.4% and 47.8%, respectively; the proportion of community grass-roots work institutions (such as neighborhood committees and villagers' committees) is relatively low, at 35.6%.
Figure 19 The proportion of the public "giving work suggestions to the government through open channels such as the Internet and hotlines" in different types of work units
IX. Participation in supervision and reporting: The public has shown a certain degree of participation, and participation is relatively rational and orderly, but there is still room for improvement.
Supervising and participating in ecological and environmental protection work is both a citizen's right and an obligation, and timely reporting acts that damage the ecology, pollute the environment and affect public health and pollute the environment plays an important role in China's ecological and environmental protection work.
(1) Respondents generally believe that individual supervision and reporting of environmental pollution problems in enterprises is conducive to ecological environmental protection, and the most important way of supervision is through the media and channels within the system, followed by non-governmental environmental protection groups.
The survey found that respondents generally believe that personal supervision and reporting are more important for ecological environmental protection. 79.2% of the respondents believe that "reflecting the situation to the media and attracting public attention" is "very important" or "relatively important" to promote the environmental protection of enterprises, accounting for the highest proportion. Secondly, in the internal channels of the system, 70.2% of respondents believe that the way of "complaining to the relevant departments of the local government to report the pollution behavior of enterprises" is "very important" or "more important"; the proportion of respondents who believe that the way of "reflecting the pollution problems of enterprises to higher levels of government through petitioning" is "very important" or "more important", accounting for 54.4%. "Seeking help from private environmental groups" accounted for only 45.4%.
Figure 20 The importance of individual action in promoting the improvement of the corporate environment
(2) The public's enthusiasm for supervising and participating in ecological and environmental protection work is relatively high, more than 60% of the respondents have taken supervision actions for corporate environmental pollution, and the action methods are diverse and rational and orderly, preferring channels within the system, followed by the media and non-governmental environmental protection groups.
In the past three years, more than 60% (63.0%) of respondents have taken action against corporate environmental pollution, and the first way of action is to turn to governments at all levels, followed by the media. 37.8% chose "complain and report to local government departments"; 25.5% chose to "report the situation to local streets, neighborhood committees or village committees"; and 17.9% chose "reflect the situation to the media and arouse public concern". In addition, some respondents have chosen to "seek help from private environmental protection groups", "report corporate pollution problems to higher-level governments through petitioning", and "directly consult with enterprises", but the proportion is relatively small.
Figure 21 Public action on corporate environmental pollution
Comparing the respondents' cognition and practice of different supervision channels, it is found that although at the cognitive level, the proportion of people who believe that it is "very important" or "more important" to reflect the situation to the media is the highest, in actual action, people first tend to complain or reflect the situation to the government, streets, neighborhood committees, village committees and other relevant departments through channels within the system, and secondly, through media exposure. This suggests that the government's surveillance and whistleblowing channel is the public's first choice, but if the problem is not resolved, the public will think that it is more effective to turn to the media.
(3) The factors that the respondents believe affect their supervision and reporting behavior mainly include unsmooth complaint supervision channels, untimely feedback processing, etc., and there are regional differences.
In the face of corporate environmental pollution problems, nearly 40% (37.0%) of the respondents chose to "do nothing and endure", they believe that "complaints and reports will not get feedback or handling" (53.8%) and "do not understand the reflection channel or the channel is not smooth" (45.8%) are the main reasons for their inaction. In addition, some respondents were "worried about corporate retaliation" (27.9%) and were worried that their legitimate rights and interests would be damaged. A small number of respondents believe that "it is not my business, it should be solved by the government", and the sense of environmental responsibility is relatively lacking.
Figure 22 The main reasons for the public's failure to take action on corporate pollution
Judging from the local situation, the proportion of respondents in Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangxi, and Hubei who chose "complaints and reports will not get feedback or handling" is relatively high, more than 60%; the proportion of respondents in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Shanghai, Shaanxi, Ningxia and other places who choose "do not understand the reflection channels or channels are not smooth" is relatively high, more than 50%; in addition, in Zhejiang, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Sichuan and other places, the number of people who believe that the environmental pollution problem of enterprises "is not my business, it should be solved by the government" accounts for a relatively high proportion, more than 10%.
10. Jointly building a beautiful China: The public believes that the government's work has been continuously strengthened, its own environmental awareness and behavior level are also constantly improving, and through the joint efforts of the whole society, the outstanding environmental problems in many parts of the country have been significantly improved.
Building a beautiful home with blue sky, green earth and clear water requires the joint efforts of the whole society. This survey selects the public's evaluation of the government's ecological and environmental protection work, the evaluation of its own ecological environment awareness and behavior level, and the evaluation of the degree of improvement of prominent environmental problems, and examines the public's cognition of the behavior of building a beautiful China.
(1) The public highly recognizes the government's ecological and environmental protection work, and generally believes that the ecological and environmental protection work of the central and local governments is constantly increasing, and the central government's work is higher than that of local governments.
Respondents generally believe that the ecological and environmental protection work of the central and local governments is increasing, but the enhancement of local work is not as obvious as that of the central government. More than 80% (80.6%) of the respondents believe that the central government's work has increased compared with a year ago; more than 60% (61.4%) of the respondents believe that the work of local governments has increased compared with a year ago. Overall, the respondents believe that the enhancement of local ecological and environmental protection work is not as obvious as that of the central government, but the central and local work efforts have shown an enhanced trend.
Figure 23 Public evaluation of the changes in the ecological and environmental protection efforts of central and local governments
Respondents generally scored higher on the central government's ecological and environmental protection work than on the local level, and believed that there was a big gap between the work intensity of some localities and the central government. Based on a full score of 10 points, the national respondents scored 6.84 on the central ecological and environmental protection work and 5.54 on the local government work. Among them, respondents in Beijing, Shanghai, Ningxia and other places scored local government work efforts close to the central government, and the gap was relatively small.
(2) The public generally believes that they have a certain level of ecological and environmental awareness and behavior, and they are constantly improving, laying a foundation for public participation and promotion of ecological environment work.
About three-quarters of respondents believe that their awareness of the environment and their level of behavior have improved. Based on a score of 10, the respondents scored 7.04 on their awareness of ecological environmental protection, which was slightly higher than the score of 6.82 for ecological and environmental behavior. 76.9% of the respondents believe that compared with a year ago, their awareness of ecological environmental protection has "improved a little" or "improved a lot", of which 20.2% think that they have "improved a lot"; 75.1% of the respondents believe that compared with a year ago, their ecological and environmental behavior has "improved somewhat" or "improved a lot", of which 17.2% think that "a lot of progress" has been made.
Figure 24 Self-evaluation of changes in public awareness of ecological environmental protection and behavioral performance
(3) Respondents in many parts of the country believe that the environmental problems around their places of residence have improved significantly, and the ecological and environmental protection work has achieved positive results.
Respondents reported significant improvements in many types of environmental problems faced by their places of residence, especially air pollution, water pollution, waste pollution and ecological damage. 40.4% of the respondents believe that the air pollution problems faced by them in the past year have been significantly improved; 30.0% of the respondents believe that the water pollution problem has been significantly improved; 28.9% of the respondents believe that the pollution of garbage waste has been significantly improved; and 22.7% of the respondents believe that the ecological damage problem has been significantly improved.
Figure 25 Significant improvements in environmental issues in public residences over the past year
Judging from the improvement of various localities, Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong and other places believe that the number of people who have significantly improved the local air pollution problem accounts for the largest proportion; Zhejiang, Yunnan, Fujian and other places think that water pollution has been significantly improved; Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hainan and other places think that soil pollution has been significantly improved; Ningxia, Xinjiang, Chongqing and other places think that noise pollution has significantly improved The proportion is the largest; Anhui, Inner Mongolia, Henan and other places think that garbage waste pollution has been significantly improved; Ningxia Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Guangdong and other places believe that electromagnetic radiation has been significantly improved; Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and other places believe that ecological damage problems have been significantly improved.
Source: Research Center for Environment and Economic Policy, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Environment News
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