#内蒙有哪些旅游景点 #
The beautiful Qingcheng city of Hohhot has two memorial sites, each remembering a princess story, a bitter and poignant, a warm and beautiful. In the poignant and poignant story, the protagonist is a princess who is nominally "canonized", and in the warm and beautiful story, the protagonist is a veritable royal gold.
On the banks of the Great Black River in the southern suburbs of the city, there is a Han tomb known as Qingzuka since ancient times, and the poet Li Bai chanted for it: "Lack of gold paintings, death left Qingzuka makes people mourn", and the poet Saint Du Fu also mourned for him: "Once you go to Zitai Lianshuo Desert, leave Qingzuka alone to dusk." This is the final destination of Wang Zhaojun, one of the four beauties of ancient China.
At the intersection of north road and Princess Mansion Street, there is a four-entry courtyard, which is the princess mansion known to everyone in Qingcheng, and the former owner was Princess Kejing, the biological daughter of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Empire.
Traveling far to this ancient bitter and cold border city, the two princesses came for peace, but they walked out of the tragic and happy life of the world.
On February 28, 202 BC, Liu Bang ascended the throne as emperor, opening the curtain on the prosperity of the Han and Tang dynasties in the land of China. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the internal kings of different surnames were eager to move and had not yet been tamed, the external Xiongnu frequently harassed, the borders were frequently anxious, and the high-ranking officials promised by the imperial court, Houlu and Jinyi, could no longer satisfy the greed and ambition of the surroundings. Under the internal and external troubles, Liu Bang was left and right, physically and mentally exhausted.
In the seventh year of Gaozu (200 BC), Liu Bang personally led an army of 330,000 to attack the Xiongnu, but was besieged in Baideng, almost becoming a ghost under the sword of the Xiongnu. In desperation, Liu Bang sent emissaries to ask for perfection, and with a low brow and a pleasing request to conclude a marriage with the Xiongnu and fight with his relatives. At first, Liu Bang ordered Princess Lu Yuan to go and kiss her. When Lü Hou heard that he was going to marry his own daughter far away to the enemy of the wild land, Mao Dun Shan Yu, he wept and cried, forcing him with his life, and resolutely opposed it.
In the end, Liu Bang had to find a girl from the Liu family's ancestral room to pretend to be a princess to go and kiss. Since then, in order to seek peace on the border, this fake Han-Hungarian peace has become the norm. Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, Emperor Hui Liu Ying, and Emperor Wen Liu Heng married three "princesses" to Mao Dun Shan Yu respectively, and failed to prevent the Xiongnu from repeatedly invading the south. During the "reign of Wenjing", two more "princesses" were married to The Elder Shan Yu, and three "Princesses" were married to the military minister Shan Yu. Even during the reign of Emperor Wu, after Wei Qing and Huo Went ill and broke the Xiongnu, this practice continued until the late Western Han Dynasty. The princesses of the Han Dynasty and the relatives were basically from the clan and even the people, and there was never a real daughter of the emperor. The so-called princess became a tool of the imperial court for a while, and the relatives failed to really stop the conflict between the wolves and smokes, until the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han-Hungarian War was still here and there.
In the late Western Han Dynasty, the balance of power between the Han and the Xiongnu had been reversed. Under the unremitting force of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu split into the Southern Xiongnu and the Northern Xiongnu, the Southern Xiongnu claimed subjection to the Han, and the Northern Xiongnu fled to the desert north and were unable to re-offend. The Han-Hungarian peace and kinship also changed from the Han taking the initiative to the Xiongnu taking the initiative to seek peace. In the first year of Jingning (33 BC), the leader of the Southern Xiongnu, Hu HanXiandan, met with Chang'an and pleaded three times to be the son-in-law of the Han Dynasty, abide by the courtesy of the vassals, never violate the situation, and repair forever to deal with the Northern Xiongnu. Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty blessed The Palace Princess Zhaojun with marriage.
Throughout the Western Han Dynasty, among the many princesses who were sent to the Xiongnu and their relatives, the most famous and the last one was Wang Zhaojun, who was buried under the Qingzuka.
Wang Zhaojun and Zhaojun and his relatives, in the main history, have very little ink, and the stories that move the world to earn people's tears are all tragic interpretations and fabrications of later literature, such as "Pingsha Falling Geese", such as "Painters Abandoning the City", such as "Grievances", such as "Bao Han Yuan Emperor Book", such as "Han Palace Autumn"... Therefore, the Western Han Dynasty's peace and pro-family countermeasures were often criticized by later generations as a humiliating history, and Sima Guang, a historian of the Song Dynasty, commented: "The Imperial Yi DiYe of the Emperor of the Last Dynasty, the service is with virtue, the rebellion is shocking and threatening, and the unheard of is also a marriage." ”
Wang Zhaojun (54 BC – 19 BC), whose real name was Wang Yan (王嫱), was a palace maid in the harem of Emperor Liu Yi of the Han Dynasty, and had no blood relationship with the royal family of Liu. Because she was chosen to be a "princess" to marry the Xiongnu, she was given the title of Zhaojun. Shōzō, Akira also. Zhaojun was given the political meaning of the Han Emperor's illumination of the Xiongnu. Wang Zhaojun means a girl with the surname of Wang who represents the king of the Han family and visits the Xiongnu. There are also people who believe that Wang Zhaojun, the name of the concubine, the word Zhaojun.
At the age of 17, the naturally beautiful Wang Concubine was selected from the people to enter the palace, because she was unwilling to spend a lot of money to bribe the insatiable court painter Mao Yanshou, when painting, the handsome face was lit with a black mole, failed to enter Liu Yi's squinting eyes, entered the palace for many years, and was not lucky. Hu Han evil Shan Yu came to ask for relatives, Liu Yi perfunctorily, and ordered Wang Qiang according to the portrait. When it was time to send relatives to the court, Liu Yi found that Wang Yan "looked like the first in the harem, was good at coping, and behaved elegantly" and "Emei was unattainable in the world, and could make the flowers shy in the upper forest", but the wood had become a boat, and regret was late. Afterwards, Liu Yi, who was ashamed and angry, could only sprinkle a grudge on the painters, and beheaded Mao Yanshou and other painters in the city and abandoned them.
Zhaojun flicked the jade saddle and got on the horse and cried red cheeks. Today's Han Palace people, Ming Dynasty Hudi concubines. In the autumn colors of Xiao Xiao, in addition to the name "Zhaojun", Wang Yan, who had no other reward, bid farewell to the capital Chang'an and went north to Daqingshan with tears. Along the way, the wind is blowing, the yellow sand is rolling, the horses are hissing, and the geese are chirping. Wang Zhaojun was sparse, touching the scenery, and played a song "Pipa Complaint" on horseback with difficulty. This trip to the Northern Court, is it sad or happy? Is it light or dark? Is it love or hate? The big geese who flew south saw the woman of Sai Ruo Tianxian bursting into tears, and heard the poignant and pleasant sound of the piano like a cry, and one by one forgot to dance and flying wings, and fell to the desert Pingsha.
In 1700 AD, in 1697 (the thirty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty), another marriage ceremony in the Forbidden City of Beijing was a completely different scene. The Kangxi Emperor crowned his nineteen-year-old sixth daughter as Princess Heshuo and married her to King Tun Dob Dorji of the Khalkha County of the Borjigit clan of northern Mongolia. Inside and outside the court, yellow umbrella covers, red tents, drums and music; ten miles of long street, dowry gifts, dowry, etc., traffic is busy ...
The Manchu-Mongolian marriage was a precedent set by Emperor Taiji in order to work together against the Han chinese in Guannei. Unlike the Han-Hungarian and pro-Chinese Han one-way export of "princesses", the Manchu-Mongolian marriage is a two-way you-to-go, and in your interaction with me, the princess you marry is the emperor's daughter. At the beginning of the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, three major national policies were formulated: "the south does not seal the king and the north continues to kiss", "divide the seal to control its strength", and "worship to control its life". The Han Dynasty regarded the Han-Hungarian peace as an expedient measure that was too weak to do, while the Qing Dynasty insisted on manchu-Mongolian marriage as a political system.
In the history of the Qing Dynasty for more than three hundred years, there were nearly 600 Manchu-Mongolian marriages, as many as 432 manchu royals married princesses and nobles of Mongolian princes, and 163 daughters of Mongol princes were married by Manchu emperors and sons of clan princes. Of the nine concubines of Emperor Taiji, six were the daughters of Mongol princes, and the five empresses were all Mongol women. Among them, the most famous is the empress dowager Xiaozhuang who raised her grandson Xuan Ye into Emperor Kangxi. Marrying first and marrying later, Emperor Taiji in turn married ten daughters and two adopted daughters to the Mongol nobles. Of the ten adult daughters of the Kangxi Emperor, six also married to the Mongols, the most influential of which was the sixth daughter, Princess Heshuo.
Kiss or not, flesh and blood. The false princess Wang Zhaojun and the pro-Xiongnu embraced a pipa of their own, and followed Hu Han evil Shan Yu to the foot of the Daqing Mountain. Princess Zhen and Princess Shuo were married to northern Mongolia, and not only had gold, silver, pearls and jade with horses on board, but also huge attendants. Emperor Lao Tzu was not assured of his daughter's cold, warmth and safety in the north of the desert, and not only built a courtyard covering an area of 18,000 square meters as a princess's residence, but also gave the princess only to live in the naturalization city (present-day Hohhot) closer to Beijing in the south of the desert, and also rewarded the 48,000 acres of land under the Daqing Mountain as her daughter's food.
After arriving at the Xiongnu, Wang Zhaojun and Hu Han Xiandan lived happily together for three years, giving birth to a son, named Yi Tu Zhi Lingshi, who was crowned king by right. Three years later, hu Han died, and Wang Zhaojun wrote to the Western Han court and asked to return to Han, but at this time, the Hancheng Emperor Liu Xiao, who succeeded to the throne, did not approve, but only absent-mindedly replied: "From Hu Customs! ”
The so-called "Hu custom" is that "the Father and Son of the Xiongnu lie in the same vault." The father dies, the wife and the stepmother. As a result, Wang Zhaojun had to marry the eldest son of her late husband. According to Hu custom, Fu Zhu was able to marry his stepmother Wang Zhaojun, but could not tolerate the son born to his stepmother and his father, and his half-brother was regarded as the greatest threat to the Khan's throne, and Yi Tu zhishi was killed immediately. Wang Zhaojun lost her husband, was forced to marry her stepson, and lost her own son. It is conceivable that this absolute conflict with Han culture, which is both unethical and cruel, is so tyrannical to Wang Zhaojun's body and mind! A weak woman, whose heart belongs? To whom do tears flow? To whom do you cry?
And that's not all. Wang Zhaojun and Fu Zhu had two daughters after marriage, lived together for eleven years, and their successor husband was also destined to return to the Western Heavens. Before leaving, Fu Zhu was "ordered to pass on the kingdom and his brother", and was succeeded by his half-brother and Mi Xu (搜 harmonious Ruo Shan Yu). Wang Zhaojun, who was in a state of rage, had to obey Hu Customs again and marry Sou Huan Ruoyan as his wife. "Han Family Qin Di Yue, Flow Shadow Illumination Concubine." As soon as you go up to the Jade Pass Road, the end of the world will not return. (Because of sima Zhao's name, Zhaojun was once called Concubine Ming) A year later, the beauty flowers withered, the incense disappeared, and the depression died.
Born with love, but with nothing to rely on, why should I ask for death? As a nation, the Xiongnu, who have long since vanished, have never left their own history books, how do they evaluate themselves as the mother of the country? There will never be an answer. Wang Zhaojun's real name, in the "Book of Han, Yuan Emperor's Chronicle", "Hanshu Xiongnu Biography", "Later HanShu • Southern Xiongnu Biography" and other canonical histories, there are actually Wang Fan, Wang Qiang, Wang Yan and other different theories. As for whether the Qingzuka on the banks of the Great Black River is really the tomb of Wang Zhaojun, there is no archaeological finding to support it, and the 33-meter-high Qingzun tomb with a bottom area of about 13,000 square meters of rammed earth is more likely to be a beacon in the Western Han Dynasty. In Hohhot alone, there are more than a dozen tombs called zhaojun tombs at the southern foot of Daqing Mountain. There is also a tomb of Zhaojun in Xiangcheng County, Henan Province, and the Xiangcheng County Chronicle records that "there is an ancient tomb in the west of Shilipu, named Qingzuka", and there is a stele at the head of the tomb, and the stele is inscribed with "Qingzuka Sorrowful Cloud". On the Qingzuka stone stele in Qingzhong Village, Shuocheng District, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, the inscription reads: "Head rests on Daqing mountain, foot climbs Yanmen Pass, jade hands play sanggan, tearful eyes look at Chang'an."
Compared with the ill-fated Wang Zhaojun, who also came to Saiwai and kissed, Princess Heshuo's life was incomparably happy and complete. In 1706 (the 45th year of Kangxi), when Princess Heshuo was 28 years old and married Dun Dob Dorji for nine years, Kangxi once again crowned her daughter as "Princess Kejing" in the golden book, which said: "... Both Xian Neizhi, Yi Yi, Princess Shu'er and Shuo, daughter of Nai Shuo, Jing Shen Ju Ju Rou Jia Wei Ze, Mother Yi Ke Feng, Teaching Dreams in the Palace, Women's Virtue Is Not Violated, Reputation Is Especially Prominent in the Construction Of the Pavilion, The Noble Sect of silver Huang, as a matching Gao Hong, the Yi Relative of the Jade Disc, the Gongxiang Sect Feng Gu Yun Xie, the Elephant Costume Youyi, is the use of Feng'er as the Princess of Kejing, the golden book of tin (given)..."
The Kangxi Emperor visited the Mongolian steppe several times, and all stayed in the Princess Mansion, making the Princess Mansion full of splendor and joy, and making the glory and status of her daughter unparalleled. At that time, the Princess Mansion was an independent kingdom in the naturalized city, and not only was it not under the jurisdiction of the general and the governor in the naturalized city, but the general and the governor had to kneel and say hello to her. In the 48th year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1709 AD), with the permission of the princess, the princes of Tushetu Khan and other ministries compiled and formulated the "Khalkha Three Banners Great Regulation". The princess is not angry and self-righteous, and her power is tilted to the north and south of the desert, because behind her stands an emperor Lao Tzu, who enjoys the political decision-making power on the grassland and the obligation of the emperor to supervise the country.
Later, during the Yongzheng period, Princess Kejing was again named "Princess Of Gulun Kejing" by her half-brother Yin Chanjin, and the gold inscription praised her as "Yuxiu Ziwei, Fenhui Yinhan". In the Manchu Qing Dynasty, only the daughters of the empress could be called "Princess Gulun", and the daughters born to concubines and nobles could only be called "Princess Heshuo". "Gulun" means "country" or "tianxia" in Manchu, and is the highest-ranking princess in the royal family, and "Heshuo" means "party" or "flag". Princess Heshuo Kejing was originally only born to the noble Guo Luoluoshi, and Yongzheng awarded her this honor, which shows her ability and achievements in representing and assisting the emperor in governing Mongolia.
Unlike Wang Zhaojun, who was only sympathized with and remembered by later generations, the Princess Mansion Chronicle praised Princess Kejing as "a man of courtesy and suppleness, not ashamed of royal pride, a good concubine, and adept at etiquette." The local people also spontaneously carved a moral monument for her, praising her for "being lenient to the people, caring for the people like a naked child, her heart is also fair, and her government is also clear."
The two princesses on the banks of the Great Black River, under the Great Green Mountain, separated by dozens of miles, are more than a thousand years apart, if they know each other underground, they do not know how to sigh. Will Wang Zhaojun be envious of Princess Kejing? Will Princess Kejing have pity for Wang Zhaojun?
Fortunately, when people have no intention, posterity has a heart. "Border city Yan closed, cow ma buyo, the third generation of no dog barking police, Li Shu forgot to go to the Battle of Gange", this is the posterity's description of the Han-Hungarian border after Zhaojun left the plug, Wang Zhaojun won the infinite nostalgia and admiration of posterity with her tragic life. No matter where the soul of the beauty flies, no matter who is under the rammed earth on the banks of the Great Black River, the green tomb under the Great Green Mountain is the symbol of Zhaojun. Wang Zhaojun, in the hearts of future generations, is not only an ancient beauty, but also a thousand-year-old beacon. In 1981, the government established the Zhaojun Tomb Cultural Relics Protection and Management Office. In 2006, it was officially renamed zhaojun museum and ranked as a key cultural relics protection unit.