Over the past few thousand years, many technologies and inventions have emerged in China, which have promoted the development of China's economy, promoted the spread of culture, and made certain contributions to world civilization, of which the "four major inventions" are representatives. Along with the emergence of countless technological inventions, many outstanding inventors and technological innovators have emerged in China, and this article lists 10 of them.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="35" >1, public loss class (spring and autumn).</h1>
Gonglu ban is a Lu national in the late Spring and Autumn Period, so it is also called "Lu Ban". He was born into a family of craftsmen and mastered carpentry skills. Historical records record that he once invented the ladder, and people attributed the invention of woodworking tools such as drills, planers, shovels, curved rulers, and ink buckets to him. Because of the above achievements, the Gonglu class was regarded as a grandfather by the carpenter.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="37" >2, Zhao Guo (Western Han).</h1>
Zhao Guo was an agronomist and inventor during the era of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. He once summed up a method of substitution suitable for dryland farming, which was popularized in the Guanzhong area and increased grain production. He also improved many agricultural tools, such as the three-legged cart, which is an ancient sowing machine. He popularized a new farming method, coupling ploughs, which promoted the progress of Chinese agriculture.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="41" >3, Zhang Heng (Eastern Han).</h1>
Zhang Heng, an astronomer and lexicographer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, historical records record that he invented the armillary celestial instrument, the ground motion instrument, the guide car, the jili drum car, the solo wood carving, etc., but unfortunately the physical objects he invented have been lost. However, Zhang Heng's contribution to Chinese science and technology cannot be ignored, and Zhang Heng has always been regarded as the most outstanding scientist in ancient China.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="45" >4, Cai Lun (Eastern Han).</h1>
Cai Lun was a eunuch during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Paper appeared in China during the Western Han Dynasty, but it was not suitable for writing and the manufacturing cost was also very high. In summarizing the experience of his predecessors, Cai Lun improved the papermaking technique and finally made "Cai Hou Paper". In the end, Caihou Paper was recognized by the state and promoted throughout the country. The emergence of papermaking has promoted the spread of culture in China and the world, and this technology has become one of the four major inventions in China.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="49" >5, Du shi (Eastern Han).</h1>
Du Shi was a famous hydraulic scientist and inventor during the Eastern Han Dynasty. During his tenure as The Taishou of Nanyang, he invented a hydraulic blower, the water drain, which can be said to send air into the iron smelting furnace, which promoted the development of iron smelting technology in China.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="52" >6, Ma Jun (Cao Wei).</h1>
Ma Jun was an inventor during the Cao Wei period. According to historical records, he once restored the guide car; improved the weaving machine that was cumbersome at that time; invented a keel water wheel that diverted water from low to high; made a rotary stone-launching machine that could continuously launch stones as far as hundreds of steps; mounted wooden original moving wheels under puppets, called "Water-to-Hundred Plays"; and modified Zhuge Lian's crossbow, which contributed to scientific development and technological progress. He and Zhang Heng were called "Mu Sheng".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="55" >7, Zu Chongzhi (Southern and Northern Dynasties).</h1>
Zu Chongzhi was a famous scientist and mathematician during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Zu Chongzhi is also very good at woodworking machinery, and has designed and manufactured water mills, guide cars for copper machine transmission, thousand mile boats, timers, etc. The thousand-mile ship he designed, traveling hundreds of miles a day, was a relatively magical invention, but unfortunately it was lost later.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="58">8, Bi Sheng (Northern Song).</h1>
Bi Sheng, an inventor of the Northern Song Dynasty, invented movable type printing on the basis of Tang Dynasty engraving and printing. The invention of movable type printing was a fundamental reform in the development of Chinese printing, which promoted the spread and development of Northern Song culture. Since then, movable type printing has begun to spread to the whole world, promoting the development of world civilization.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="61" >9, zodiacal po (yuan).</h1>
Huang Daobo, a native of Songjiang Province, was a famous cotton weaver and technological reformer in the late Song and early Yuan dynasties. During her exile in Hainan, she learned and improved the cotton weaving skills of the local Yi people, and summed up a new set of cotton textile techniques. Later, she returned to her hometown and improved various textile tools, which promoted the rise of the textile industry in Wusong region. Under the influence of Huang Daobo, China's cotton textile industry has matured, which has since changed the pattern of the silk weaving industry and accelerated the development of China's commodity economy.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="64" >10, Guo Shoujing (Yuan).</h1>
Guo Shoujing was a famous astronomer and mathematician of the Yuan Dynasty. His Chronological Calendar was the most advanced calendar in the world at the time. Guo Shoujing was also an important inventor, who reformed and invented twelve new instruments such as the Simple Instrument and the High Watch, which promoted the development of traditional Chinese astronomy. It can be said that Guo Shoujing is the master of traditional Chinese astronomy.
The above 10 inventors are mainly concentrated in the ancient era of China, the Han Dynasty occupied 4, while after the Tang Dynasty there were only 3, and the Ming and Qing dynasties did not have a single one on the list. Ancient Chinese science was relatively backward, but the technology was developed. Technology comes from the accumulation of experience and innovation. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, China's technological inventions had entered the summation stage, and it was difficult to make practical breakthroughs without the guidance of scientific theories. This is also an important reason for the decline of Chinese science and technology.