Toponymic studies in Jiangxi
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Abstract: The toponymic value of the Northern Song Dynasty Music History "Taiping Huanyu Chronicle" has not yet been discussed by the academic community. On the basis of reading through the whole book, the author carefully combs through the relevant literature, excavates its contributions in the interpretation of the origin of geographical names, the induction and sublimation of the principle of toponymic naming, and the citation of geographical names literature, and believes that it is a key link in the chain of the history of Chinese toponymy, which has high toponymic value, and also points out its shortcomings.
Keywords: toponymy; Taiping Huanyu Chronicle; Music History
Although the national strength of the Song Dynasty was poor and weak, the culture was highly developed. In the brilliant Song Dynasty classics, five famous national geographical general records were produced - "Taiping Huanyu Record", "Yuanfeng Jiuyu Zhi", "Youdi Guangji", "Youdi Jisheng", and "Fang Yusheng", thus making the Song Dynasty a dynasty with the largest geographical general history in history. These five general geographical chronicles, with a maximum of 200 volumes and a small number of 10 volumes, are both official works and private writings, with different purposes and different styles.
The Taiping Huanyu Chronicle is 200 volumes and the Catalogue is 200 volumes, written by the Northern Song Dynasty Music History. Le Shi (930-1007) zizheng, a native of Yihuang, Fuzhou (present-day Yihuang, Jiangxi). Chu Shi Nan Tang was the secretary Lang, after entering the Song Dynasty, he was a scholar, a writer, a writer, a scholar, who tasted the four prefectures of Zhiling, Shu, Huang, and Shang, and was transferred to Dr. Taichang, who was in charge of the Xijing Mill Survey Division, and lived in Luoyang for a long time. He wrote well in his lifetime, with 23 kinds of works and 900 volumes, and only the Taiping Huanyu Record (hereinafter referred to as the "Huanyu Record") exists in the largest works. The second volume of the newly compiled Quan Song Wen contains nine of its texts. The History of song, vol. 306, is passed down.
Written between the end of the Yongxi Dynasty and the beginning of the Duan Gong period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Huanyu Ji contains political districts mainly according to the system of the late Taiping Revival. Siku Guanchen commented: "The book of gai geography is recorded in detail at the beginning of the book, and the style is also changed greatly." Qian Daxin believes that "those who have the Song Dynasty should take Leshi as a giant."
Today, I will only discuss the contribution of the music history "Huanyu Ji" in toponymy.
1. Interpretation of the origin of geographical names
Generally speaking, the national geographical general records the most detailed records of the capital and the economically developed areas, and the description of these areas can best reflect the value of the journal. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng Prefecture, as the capital, administered Kaifeng, Junyi, Fengqiu, Chenliu, Weishi, Yongqiu, Xiangyi, Kaocheng, Yangwu, Zhongmu, Taikang, Changyuan, Sour Jujube, Fugou, Yanling, and Dongming, of which Changyuan County was renamed Kuangcheng County in the Tang Dynasty, and Dongming County was newly established in the fourth year (963) of the Song Taizu Jianlong, and the names of the remaining counties were exactly the same as those of the Tang Dynasty. These 16 counties belonged to the seven prefectures of Bian in the Tang Dynasty, Chen, Xu, Zheng, Shui, Cao, and Song, and Li Jifu's "Records of Yuanhe Counties" has 12 place names that explain the origin of these 16 counties, namely: Bian Prefecture, Junyi County, Chenliu County, Gaoyang City, Waihuang County, Weishi County, Xiangyi County, Hecheng County, Sour Jujube County, Neimu County, Taocheng County, and Taikang County. Volumes 1 and 2 of the Huanyu Chronicle are the contents of Kaifeng Province, and the names of the 16 counties that explain the origins are: Bizhou, Pipagou, Junyi County, Xinli County, Dongming County, Hanquan, Wangjinglou, Yunxiangcheng, Chenliu County, ZhenyiCheng, Taikang County, Bingjing, Changyuan County, Shoujie County, Yuancheng, Qicheng, Qicheng, Waihuang County, Xinji County, Shicangcheng, Ruchi, Weishi County, Gaoyangcheng, Xiangyi County, Longcheng, Qinuzu, Taocheng, Kangyin County, Neimu County, Qixian County, Putian County, Acid Jujube County, and Fugou County, a total of 32. Within the same geographical scope, the explanation of the origin of place names in the Huanyu Ji is 2.7 times that of the Yuanhe County Chronicle. Although Dongming was a newly established county in the early Song Dynasty, and the name of Wangjinglou was given in the second year of Emperor Wenzong of Tang (828), there were more than ten place names that were named before Li Jifu's life era, but the "Records of Yuanhe County" was missing, such as volume 8 Xuzhou Fugou County, which was not the original reason for the name, and even volume 7 of Junyi County mentioned "Pipagou" and did not tell its origin. These places are supplemented by the Book of the Universe. It can be seen that the Huanyu Ji is much more detailed in the interpretation of the origin of the place names in Kaifeng Province than the Yuanhe County Chronicle.
The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was Kaifeng, and it is reasonable that the names of the place names in the Kaifeng part of the Huanyu Chronicle are detailed in the "Records of Yuanhe County". However, within the scope of Jingzhao Province, where the Tang capital Chang'an was located, and its 23 counties under its jurisdiction, the Huanyu Ji's interpretation of the origin of place names was also better than that of the Yuanhe County Chronicle. Volumes 1 and 2 of the Yuanhe County Chronicle, "Jingzhaofu", explain in turn the origins of 32 place names, including Baling, Fanchuan, Yusuchuan, Longshoushan, Meridian Pass, Xinfeng, Sanyuan County, Liquan County, Fengtian County, Fengxian County, Xianyang, Cishimen, Benqiao, Lantian, Homesick City, Jincheng County, Ma Song Ancient City, Maoling, Boiling Yanze, Chiyang, Wangyi Palace, Tumen County, Pinyang County, Zhongguan Ancient City, Taiping Palace, Ganquan Palace, Lujiao, Jiang Weiling, Sizhuyuan, Wugong County, Jizhou, and Haoqi County. The 23 counties of Tangjingzhao Prefecture are divided into five prefectures in the Book of Huanyu, namely Yong, Yao, Qian, Tong, and Hua. The Huanyu Chronicle not only explains the origin of the above 32 place names, but also explains the origin of 17 place names, including Wannian County, Nanling, Luonu pi, Wangzipi, Mazuka, Chang'an County, Daxingcheng, Bailuyuan, Zhoushipi, Xingping County, Kengru valley, Liumenyan, Wuzhugong, Weinan County, Fenghuangyuan, Banri Village, and Tianlushan Mountain. For example, the Records of Yuanhe County, vol. 1, Lantian County: Bailuyuan "in the west of the county," has no explanation of origin; Huanyu Ji, vol. 26, Lantian County: Bailuyuan, "in the northwest of the county, according to the Records of the Three Qins, after the King of Yunzhou Ping moved east, there was a white deer swimming in this plain, taking it as its name." The "Records of the Three Qins" was written by Xin Shi in the Han Dynasty and was one of the reference books for Li Jifu to write the "Records of Yuanhe Counties and Counties", but the "Records of Yuanhe Counties" did not have the name of "White Deer Plain", and the "Huanyu Chronicle" supplemented this.
If you take Jiangnan Dongdao in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty as an example, and compare the number of explanations for the origin of place names in the Yuanhe County Chronicle and the Huanyu Chronicle, the results will be more obvious (see Table 1).
In the table, except for the Ming, Chu, and Ting prefectures, which are the same as the Yuanhe County Chronicle, the rest of the states have more names than the Yuanhe County Chronicle, and the huanyu records of the Huzhou part of the Huanyu Chronicle are eight times more than the Yuanhe County Chronicle. Many of the place names that have no origin explanation in the Records of Yuanhe Counties are explained in the Records of Huanyu, such as Xuanwu Lake, which has only 11 characters in Volume 25 of the Records of Yuanhe Counties: "In the northern ten miles of the county, Zhou Hui twenty-five miles"; "Huanyu Records" volume 90 Shangyuan County "Xuanwu Lake" article is cloudy: "At the end of the Song Dynasty, there is a black dragon seeing the lake, so it is changed to Xuanwu Lake". Where there is an explanation of the origin of place names in the Records of Yuanhe County, but there is no historical source, the Huanyu Ji is also supplemented, such as Lou Lake, and the Records of Yuanhe County, volume 25 of the Records of Yuanhe Counties, is only cloudy: "(Zhang) Zhaofeng Louhou, so it is called Lou Lake"; Volume 90 of the Huanyu Chronicle is used as an explanation of the origin and indicates that it is from the "Chronicle of Youdi". There are more cases in which the Book of Huanyu has established new entries and explained the origin of its place names, such as Jinshan Temple, Mochou Lake, and Egret Island. All in all, the number of place names in the eastern part of Jiangnan Province, the Huanyu Ji is 3.87 times that of the Yuanhe County Chronicle. The number of place names of Kaifeng Province in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jingzhao Province in the Tang Dynasty is 2.7 times and 1.5 times that of the Records of Yuanhe County, respectively. Therefore, roughly speaking, the explanation of the origin of place names in the Huanyu Ji is about two or three times that of the Yuanhe County Chronicle. The Yuanhe County Chronicle explains a total of 931 place names, so the Huanyu Ji explains the origin of the place names, even if conservative estimates, at least more than 2,000. There should be no doubt about that. In the history of Chinese toponymy, Ying Shao's "Collected Interpretations of the Book of Han" first exceeded one hundred places, Li Daoyuan's "Notes on the Water Classics" first exceeded one thousand, and the "Huanyu Ji" exceeded two thousand, which is a major progress in the history of toponymy.
2. Induction and sublimation of the principle of geographical name naming
With the continuous enrichment and improvement of the interpretation of the origin of geographical names in previous dynasties, scholars in the Han and Tang dynasties gradually summarized the principles of naming and renaming many place names, which greatly enriched the ideological treasure house of Chinese toponymy. However, the ancients did not elaborate on these principles intensively, let alone systematic, but scattered in a few specific interpretations of place names in various texts. The author is panning for gold in the sand, and after preliminary study of "Huanyu Ji", he has obtained some understandings, and now he proposes to discuss with you.
2.1 The principle of "in the name of the mountain"
"Mountain", as a common name for place names, was first seen in oracle bones; specific examples of mountains as names may have existed in the pre-Qin period. However, the discussion of the name of the mountain, which is found in the literature, is the Han Dynasty and beyond. The Southern Song dynasty People Sheng Hongzhi, Shan Qianzhi and the Sixteen Kingdoms Northern Liang scholar Kan Xiao were finally clearly summarized as the four-character principle of "named after the mountain" or "named after the mountain". By the Tang and Song dynasties, the principle of "name for mountains" had been consolidated and popularized. The Book of Huanyu not only contains an account of "named after the mountain" in volumes 9, 20, 23, 30, 32, 46, 49, etc., but also in volumes 21 and 74 of "in the name of the mountain", and also in "the name of the mountain" (volume 19), "the name of the mountain county" (volume 43), "the name of the mountain" (volume 48), "the name of the mountain" (volume 50), "the name of the mountain" (volume 54), and many other statements, indicating that this principle has been widely used so far.
Since then, the general geographical chronicles such as "Youdi Jisheng", "Fang Yusheng", "Minutes of Reading History of Fang Youyi", and "Unification Chronicle" of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have a large number of records of "because of the name of the mountain", because it has been popularized, it is not described.
2.2 The principle of "in the name of water"
Liu Xi of the Eastern Han Dynasty Shizhou Guoshu: "Yanzhou, take Yanshui as the name also"; Chang Xuan's "Huayang Guozhi Hanzhong Zhi"; Hanzhong County's "Because of the Name of the Water", Shen Yue's "Song Shu Zhou County Zhi II" Xunyang Taishou: "Xunyang Ben County Name, Because of the Name of The Water County". These are the prototypes of the principle of "in the name of water". On this basis, Li Daoyuan took a step forward and put forward the sayings of "named after water" and "named after water". In the end, it was the Tang Dynasty that explicitly summarized it as the principle of "name by water" in the general sense. "In the name of water" appears once in the Tongdian, six times in the Records of Yuanhe Counties, once in Fan Qi's Chronicle of Yunnan, and once in the Records of Yuanhe Counties and Counties, and once in the Records of Yuanhe Counties and Counties, it can be seen that by the middle of the Tang Dynasty, this principle has been finally perfected and skillfully applied.
In the Song Dynasty, the Taiping Huanyu Chronicle not only contained statements such as "because of the name of water" (vol. 32, 54, 58, etc.) and "in the name of The River" (vol. 35), but also "because of the name of water" (vol. 29, 128, 167, etc.), indicating that this principle had gradually become popular in the Song Dynasty.
2.3 The principle of naming specific geographical entities
Geographical entities have both natural and human attributes. The above-mentioned principles of the name of the mountain and the name of the water are the typical principles of the name of the physical geographical entity, in addition to the principle of the name of the geographical entity:
(1) The name is established because of the original. Tang Jia Tan's "Record of the County Road": "Kui Mi County, because it was originally named. Li Jifu's "Records of Yuanhe Counties" volume 3 Yongshou County, Yingzhou: "In the second year of Wude, the southern boundary of Xinping County was divided into Yongshou County in the present-day Libei Thirty Mile Yongshou County, which was named after the original. "Huanyu Ji" vol. 27 Yongzhou Xingping County: "Wei Huang's first year was changed to ShipingGuo, because it was originally named"; vol. 31 Qianzhou Yongshou County: "Because of the original name."
(2) Injin is named after him. Huanyu Ji, Volume 6 Shaanzhou: Fuxiang County "Injin is named Yi Yan".
(3) In the name of grass. Huanyu Ji vol. 29 Huazhou Xiayi County: "The ancient lotus spoon city is twenty-two miles north of the present-day county, and the lotus spoon is named after the grass." ”
(4) Named after the valley. Yuanhe County Chronicle, volume 4 Yinzhou: "In the second year of Emperor Wu of Zhou's Baoding, Yinzhou was divided into Yinzhou, named after Gu". The Book of Huanyu, vol. 32, Longzhou, wushan county: "Later Wei Ming Emperor Xiaochangnian was placed in the southwest of the county by Taniguchi (南由) County, named after the valley. ”
(5) Named after Jiangzhou. Huanyu Ji, volume 91, Changzhou County, Suzhou: "Wu Wang Changzhou Garden, named after Jiangzhou. ”
(6) Named after the township. "Records of Yuanhe County" volume 37 Zhaozhou Yongping County: "In the first year of the Zhengsheng Dynasty, Yongping Township was cut off from Pingle County, and the name of the township was given. Book 16 of the Huanyu Chronicle of Sizhou Linhuai County: "Yongtai Lake is fifty miles north of the county, and daye opened the Ji Canal in three years, plugged off the drainage water, and became a lake from Ercheng, named after the township." "Huanyu Ji" volume 35 Fangzhou Shengping County: "Tang Tianbao's twelfth year of thorn Shi Luo Xi Yi played the analysis of Yijun's northwest boundary Shengping Township and other three townships to place it, in the name of the township"; volume 95 Xiuzhou Chongde County: "When the state was placed, the nine townships of Chongde and other nine townships of Jiaxing County were placed in Yihe County, with the township as the county name"; volume 101 Shao Wujun Gloss County: "The six years of taiping rejuvenation established a glossy county, with the name of the township".
(7) Because of the name of Guan. Huanyu Ji vol. 47 Taiping County, Daizhou: "Later Emperor Taiwu of Wei placed Taiping County in Taiping County, twenty-seven miles northeast of present-day county, taiping county, which belonged to Pingyang County, and Zhou changed it to Taiping County, because of the name of Guan. ”
(8) Named after the mausoleum. Huanyu Ji vol. 143 Fangling County: "The old county of Benhan, belonging to Hanzhong County, was originally the word 'defense', and later changed to 'fang', with the name of Ling. ”
(9) Named after the temple. Book 90 of the Book of Huanyu, Qingxi, Shangyuan County: "There is a Qingxi Ancestral Hall on its side, and its creek is named after the ancestral hall." ”
(10) Named after the temple. "Youdi Jisheng" volume 12 Taizhou scenery: "Zhaoxian Cave, in the west of Linhai County, sixty miles, because of the temple name. ”
2.4 The principle of "year number and geographical name"
The earliest example of a place name in Chinese history with a year number was Jian'an County (on the south bank of Songxi in present-day Jian'ou County, Fujian) in the eighth year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the first to raise the issue of naming place names after the year number was Yang Lizhi of northern Wei. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Jifu summarized this principle succinctly and completely as "named after the year number." "The Song Dynasty had a complete inheritance to this.
Huanyu Ji vol. 27 Qianyou County: "It is named after the year number"; volume 100 Yongtai County: "Tang Yongtai is placed in the second year, with the year number as the county name"; volume 108 Xingguo County: "Taiping Xingguo Zhongjian GanXian Seven Townships in Qianjiang Town, with the name of the year number"; volume 145 Qiande County: "Qiande three years, with the year number as the name." "Youdi Jisheng" vol. 26 Longxing Province: "In the second year of Longxing, the shouchen Guo Zuo applied for the subliminal domain of Emperor Xiaozong, and the next three provinces were specially used for the name of the era, and the capital was given longxing province." Volume 15 Taiping Prefecture: "In the second year of the Taiping Revival, it was built together with the Xingguo Army, and the name of the year was divided into years." ”
There are 14 cases in the Tang Dynasty, 17 cases in the Song Dynasty, and not even one case in the Yuan Dynasty, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, place names should be avoided instead (such as Longqing Prefecture changed to Yanqing Prefecture, Chongde County as Shimen County). This principle has gone through the entire process from its emergence to its demise.
2.5 The principle of surnames and persons
In ancient times, those who used surnames and characters as place names were rammed, and Ban Gu, Ying Shao, Li Daoyuan, and Li Jifu tried to discuss it, but in the end there were no people involved in this principle. The induction of this principle begins with the Song Dynasty. Book 9 of the Huanyu Chronicle: "The Ancient City of Shanyang, built by the Duke of Shanyang in Wei Yan Prefecture, and the city was named after the people"; Volume 26 of the Zhou Clan of Xianyang County: "The han lieutenant Zhou Bo's family was in Pi, and his son Yafu had meritorious service, so he gave it this Pi, so the land was called after the clan". "By the name of man" and "by the name of the land" are the original summaries of this principle. The Ming Yi Tongzhi summarizes it as follows: "Name by surname", and the Ming Dynasty Guo Zizhang has a vivid discussion of the examples of political district names named after characters in previous dynasties.
The practice of modern toponymy is the opposite of this principle. Article 6 of the Interim Provisions on the Naming and Renaming of Geographical Names promulgated by the State Council in 1979: "In general, personal names are not used as geographical names, and it is forbidden to name geographical names in the names of state leaders." This is reiterated in the second paragraph of Article 4 of the Regulations on the Administration of Geographical Names approved and promulgated by the State Council on January 23, 1986, except that the word "naming" is changed to the word "to be" without any change. For the foreseeable future, this principle will play a decisive role in inhibiting the generation of place names.
In summary, the ancients' understanding of the theoretical problems of traditional toponymy has gradually converged since the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, and the process of understanding has been basically completed by the Tang and Song dynasties; therefore, although the study of geographical names after the Song Dynasty has accumulated more and more in number and the interpretation of specific place names has become more and more detailed, traditional toponymy has made no significant progress in theory.
3. The origin of toponymic literature
The Eastern Han Dynasty claims that the "Old Biography of Chen Liuqi" is of considerable value in explaining the origin of place names, explaining the origin of ten county names in the records, and most of its anonym texts are preserved in later generations of classics. Fugou County (present-day northeast of Fugou County, Henan), Huanyu Ji vol. 2 Fugou County, Kaifeng Province: "The Tale of Chen Liu Customs" Yun: 'Xiao Fu Ting has a ditch of water, because it is a famous county"; 圉县 (present-day Nanzhiyuan Town, Qixian County, Henan), Huanyu Ji Vol. 1 Officiation, Kaifeng Province, Yongqiu County, Kaifeng Province, "Yuancheng" article: "The Legend of Customs Yun: Old Chendi, difficult to repair, dry in the realm, to avoid its troubles, so it is called Yuancheng. ”
During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei Zhao's contribution to the study of geographical names was the greatest. Wei Zhao wrote the "Chronicle of the Three Wu Counties", which now has two articles, explaining the origin of the "Five Lakes" and "Kong Yaodun". For example, in the "Huanyu Chronicle" volume 94 of Wucheng County, Huzhou County, the "county district" article: "Wei Zhao's "Three Wu County Chronicles" cloud, Taihu Lake has Youhu Lake, Mo Lake, Xu Lake, Gong Lake, Taihu Lake is the Five Lakes; and Yunxu Lake, Lihu Lake, Taohu Lake, and Huanghu Lake, taihu Lake is five also." The same book "Kong Yaodun" article also quotes Wei Zhao's "Chronicle of the Three Wu Counties" Yun: "In the past, there were kong's wives, widows, and eight sons, all of whom were trained to be righteous, and at night they read books, and during the day they were litian, and between Han Lai and Ping, they were all county guards, because of their name, they were also known as eight zi duns." ”
In the Southern Dynasty, Sheng Hongzhi's "Records of Jingzhou", Lu Cheng's "Geographical Books", Gu Yewang's "Chronicles of Youdi" and other geographical books were all preserved by quoting from the Huanyu Records.
Lu Cheng's "Geographical Manuscript" has long been lost, and only a few of his texts can be found today, three of which explain the origin of place names, all of which are quotations from the Huanyu Ji:
(1) Long bridge. Huanyu Ji vol. 92 Changzhou Yixing County: "The long bridge is twenty steps in front of the county seat... According to Lu Cheng's "Geographical Copy" Yun: Yuan Fujun, the Later Han people, built this bridge, that is, when the Jin Zhou Dynasty was young, it beheaded the man-eating Jiao under the bridge, that is, here also. ”
(2) Xiangshui. Huanyu Ji vol. 145 Xiangyang County, Xiangzhou: "Shuishui is also known as Xiangshui, and those who ride the mountains up the waters of the land of Jingchu are all called Xiang and Shangye." Nowadays, the natives call the water flow, also called Xiang, the name of the water is uncertain, so Lu Cheng's "Geographical Chronicle" Cloud: Xiangyang no Xiangshui also. ”
(3) Tsukihito. Huanyu Ji vol. 145 Xiangzhou Gucheng County: "Zhushui is a hundred steps south of the county. Lu Cheng's "Geographical Chronicle" Yun: The place where the water will be poured, which is called the mouth of the building. ”
Gu Yewang's "Chronicle of Youdi" is considered to be a work of "supervising the province of Lu, Ren Erjia Shuqian, and collecting two hundred and ten geographical books since the Han and Wei dynasties". There are biographies of the Tang and Song dynasties, more than two hundred quotations from the Northern Song Dynasty's Taiping Imperial Records and the Taiping Huanyu Chronicle, and the Southern Song Dynasty's Jiatai Hui Zhi zhi also tried to cite it, but ma Duanlin's "Literature Tongkao Jingshu Examination" was not seen, and Gai Yuan died when he destroyed the Song Dynasty. There are 335 articles in the present-day text, about 14,000 words, of which 72 are explained by origin, which can be roughly divided into the following thirteen categories.
(1) Character place names (11). Huanyu Ji vol. 90 Shengzhou Shangyuan County: "Jiang Shan is fifteen miles northeast of the county... According to the "Chronicle of Youdi" Yun: Jiang Shan ancient Jinling Mountain, the name of the county is therefore mountain, and the "Map of Han Public Opinion" is named Zhongshan. When Emperor Wu was emperor, Jiang Ziwen was born here, and Feng Ziwen was made the Marquis of Jiang, and was renamed Jiang Shan. ”
(2) Historical place names (11 articles). Huanyu Ji vol. 103 Xuanzhou Nanling County: "The Warbird Mountain is in the fifteen miles of the south of the county. "Chronicles of Youdi" Yun: There are warbirds in the lower ten miles of the ochre, lonely in the river, and the real name is Lonely Mountain. Xi Huanwen was stationed in the ochre, constantly afraid to cover up this circle, the birds perched, the mid-night chirping was startled, and The wen officials and troops arrived, and they were momentarily frightened. It is established that the birds are noisy, so it is said to be the Warbird Mountain. ”
(3) Figurative place names (8). Huanyu Ji vol. 90 Shengzhou Shangyuan County: "Jilong Mountain is in the northwest of the county nine miles ... The cloud of "Youdizhi", whose mountain shape is like a chicken coop, is named after it. ”
(4) Geographical names of products (6 articles). Huanyu Ji vol. 94 Huzhou Changxing County: "Zhenxi is fifty steps south of the county... Gu Yewang 's Chronicle of The Lands" Yun: Jiaxi Shengjian, the south bank is known as shangzhen, the north bank is known as xiazhen, the two are the names of the village, and the villagers take down the water to make wine, and the mellow beauty is better than Yunyang. It is commonly known as 'under the wine'. ”
(5) In the name of water (6 articles). Huanyu Ji, vol. 106, Fengcheng County, Hongzhou: "Han nanchang County, belongs to Yuzhang. According to Gu Yewang's "Chronicle of Youdi": Later Han Jian'an Zhongchu established Fucheng County in the west of Fushui, because it was named; in the first year of the Jin Dynasty, it was changed to Fengcheng County, and moved to the west of Fengshui, which was named after it. "The same book volume 161 Hezhou Buchuan County: "Youdizhi Yun: Han old county, belongs to Cangwu County. Wu Huangwu changed its name to Linhe Commandery in the fifth year. The county has rich water because of the name of the county. ”
(6) Place names of immigrants (Article 6). Volume 9 of the Jiatai Huijizhi quotes the "Chronicle of Youdi" Yun: "Yongxing Luosi Mountain, first the Luoxia people came with Zhu Jun, and they could not return for three years. Or Yun Jun was bereaved by his mother, stopped burying this mountain, please Luo Xiatu tomb master Xiangdi, the division went to the township for a long time, the eyes are extremely thousands of miles, looking north to Jingluo, the trumpet was extinguished, because of the burial of the top of the mountain, so it was named. ”
(7) Legendary place names (4). Huanyu Ji Vol. 93 Hangzhou Yanguan County: Golden Bull Mountain, "YoudiZhi" Yun: Between Xi Wu and Chu, the Golden Bull came from Biling and came to this mountain and did not, because of its name. ”
(8) Numerical geographical names (3). Huanyu Ji vol. 90 Shengzhou Jiangning County: "The Three Mountains are fifty-seven miles southwest of the county... According to the "Chronicle of Youdi": its mountain stones, along the river, have three peaks, north and south, so it is called three mountains. ”
(9) Color and place names (3). Huanyu Ji vol. 92 Changzhou Yixing County Careful Mountain: ""Youdizhi" Cloud: Jin Zhen cheng careful mountain spring, the sand in the arsenic is as bright as gold, hence the name Golden Spring. ”
(10) Semantic place names (3 articles). Huanyu Ji vol. 90 Shengzhou Jiangning County: "Liezhou is eighty miles southwest of the county, and sixty miles in Zhou Hui." "Chronicle of Youdi": There is small water in Wu Jiujin, which can moor ships, and merchants mostly stop to avoid the fierce wind, so it is famous. ”
(11) Mysterious place names (3). Huanyu Ji vol. 90 Shengzhou Shangyuan County: "Xuanwu Lake is in the northwest of the county seven miles ... "YoudiZhi" Yun, Emperor Qiwu Li Shuijun in this pool, known as Kunming Pond... At the end of the Song Dynasty, there was a black dragon in the lake, so it was changed to Xuanwu Lake. ”
(12) Named after the mountain (2 articles). Huanyu Ji Vol. 5 Nishikyo Shiki: "Gu Shui Kuniya ... Han thought that the county, "Youdizhi" Yun: because the mountain is named after the county. ”
(13) Azimuth place names (2 articles). "History of Zhou Benji" "Feng Shang Father Yu Yingqiu Yue Qi" sentence Zhang Shoujie "Justice": ""YoudiZhi" Yun Qin li as a county, the city linzi water, so it is known as Linzi also". In the same book, "To Fengwu Wang's younger brother as Wei Kang's uncle" sentence "Justice": ""YoudiZhi" Yun: Zhou di is in the east of Wangcheng, so it is known as Eastern Zhou. ”
There are a total of 68 articles in the above 13 categories, of which eleven categories except (6) and (13) cite the text quoted in the Book of Huanyu. Other place names that explain the origins of King Gu Ye are Jinling (to avoid secrets), Jiangning (Mei Yuan), Yu Yanxi (named after the village), and Xin'an (changed due to the duplicate name).
From the above, it can be seen that Gu Yewang's "Chronicle of Youdi" collects the great achievements of geographical history, representing the highest achievement in the development of toponymy in the Southern Dynasty. Without the quotations from the Book of The Universe, we would not have been able to obtain the above understanding, which shows the importance of the Book of the Universe.
As for the achievements of the Huanyu Ji in quoting the "Tujing" and Jia Tan's writings, I will not repeat them. See also the humble article "Sui and Tang Dynasty "Tujing" Compilation Examination" (in Taipei: Journal of History, Department of History, National Chengchi University, No. 27-28).
4. Inadequacies
The Book of Han - Geographical Chronicle has Fushi County, qingru Wu Zhuoxin (?-1823) "Supplementary Notes on the Geography of the Book of Han", volume 62: "According to the "Book of Huanyu", it is said that the elderly cloud: 'The Buddhist book says that the former corpse king cut off his flesh and fed the eagle, and the posterity said that the skin was the place. According to the "Records of History", Fu Shi was zhao di during the Warring States period, and Qin thought it was a county, and there were no Buddhist books at that time. Absurdity, inadequacy and discernment. Present-day Fushi is a county attached to Yan'an Province, and the northeast of the city is Qingliang Mountain, with corpses on it. Yu Jiaqing Yi ugly (1805) autumn over this, the natives still point out that it is evidence, but also. ”
Wu Zhuoxin pointed out that the error of the "Huanyu Ji" is a one-sided opinion, but it is indeed a conclusion he reached after careful examination.
Author: Hua Linfu
Source: Journal of East China University of Technology, No. 1, 2008
Draft: He Boyu
Editor: Liu Yan
Proofreader: Chunyu Zhang
Reviewed: Luo Shuping
Editor-in-charge: Liu Youhua
(Due to the limited layout, please refer to the original article for the content of the comments)
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