There are six main categories of oral hypoglycemic drugs,
The first category: biguanides, common such as metformin. Lowers blood sugar by improving insulin resistance. Glycosylated hemoglobin can be reduced by about 1%-2%. Rarely causes hypoglycemia. But it can make the weight drop. Adverse reactions are gastrointestinal reactions. Reduces vitamin B12 absorption and rarely occurs lactic acidosis. Contraindicated in patients with emergency states of renal insufficiency.
The second category: sulfonylureas, such as glibenclamide, glitztoclamide and so on. Lowers blood sugar by increasing insulin secretion. It can reduce glycosylated hemoglobin by about 1%-2%. Causing hypoglycemia is common. It can also gain weight. Adverse reactions are gastrointestinal reactions. allergic. Hematological changes. Abnormal liver function.
The third category: glinide classes, such as repaglinide and naglilinide. By increasing insulin secretion to lower blood sugar, it can reduce glycosylated hemoglobin by about 0.3%-1.5%. Hypoglycemia is rare and can lead to mild weight gain. Adverse reactions include gastrointestinal reactions, allergies, and abnormal liver function.
The fourth category: α glycosidase inhibitors, such as acarbose, vogliflozose. Can inhibit the absorption and digestion of carbohydrates. It is mainly used to lower blood sugar after meals. It can reduce glycosylated blood proteins by 0.5%-0.8%. Does not cause hypoglycemia. It does not affect weight or weight loss. Adverse reactions are gastrointestinal reactions. It is contraindicated for patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases with digestive and absorption disorders.
The fifth category: DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin, vifiglitin, etc. Lowers blood sugar by promoting insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon secretion. It can reduce glycochemical proteins by 0.5%-1%. Does not cause hypoglycemia. There is no effect on weight. Adverse reactions include pancreatitis, gastrointestinal reactions, allergies, and abnormal liver function.
The sixth category: thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone, biglidazone and the like. Lowers blood sugar by increasing insulin sensitivity. It can reduce the red and white color of glycated blood by 1%-1.5%. Does not cause hypoglycemia and can lead to weight gain. Adverse reactions include edema, heart failure, fractures, and abnormal liver function. Not for heart failure or for those with a history of heart failure.
Do you understand the difference between the six common oral hypoglycemic drugs and them?