Thousand-year-old kip stone
sequence
The special geographical location determines the political, economic, cultural and other historical status of ancient Shaanzhou before the Great Song Dynasty, and the unique mountain and river environment makes Jiaoshi Township an important transportation node that runs through the east and west before the Republic of China.
Located in the east of Shaanzhou District, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, about 36 kilometers west of Sanmenxia City, with an area of only 69.42 square kilometers, Jiaoshi Township, which is transited by Longhai Railway, Lianhuo Expressway, Zhengxi High-speed Railway, and 310 National Highway, has historically set up Jiaoshi County.
The territory of the thick Jiaoshi Township is still scattered with the ruins of Kip shek City, the ruins of the Kunhan Ancient Road, the relics of the Tomb of King Wen, the ruins of the Fenliguan of Miaogou Town, the ruins of the ancient Kunling Jiaoshiyi, the ruins of the ancient battlefield of the Battle of Kun, and other cultural relics that bear witness to the long history and culture...
Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty passed by here and wrote the famous "Stone Trench Official". Yao Chong, a sage of the Tang Dynasty, Gao Jixing during the Five Dynasties period, Li Yanxian, a hero of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Rui of the Republic of China, etc... They are all historical celebrities who are out of the stone.
Changes in the name of Kip Shek Ancient County
The ancient jiaoshi mostly refers to the county of Jiaoshi.
The continuous changes in the administration of Kip shek County have led to the emergence of two kip stones in the north and south in history.
There are many records of kievite in historical records. Jiaoshi County was formerly known as Kun County. According to the "Spring and Autumn Geographical Names Examination": Kun County, Sui Province into Bears Ears, Wudechu restoration, belongs to Hanzhou; after changing to Shaanxi, moved to Jiaoshiwu, renamed Jiaoshi, and the old Kun County was abandoned. Old Book of Tang: In the first year of Wu De, Kun County was restored; in the second year, it belonged to Shaanzhou; in the third year, it was transferred from Shiwu to Yaqiao (present-day Jiaoshi); in the eighth year, it was changed to Shaanzhou; in the fourteenth year, it was transferred to Jiaoshiwu and changed to Jiaoshi County. "Song Zhi": In the sixth year of Xi'ning Province, Jiaoshi County was entered as a town of Shi Trench.
Old "Zhi": Shi Trench Town, ninety miles southeast of Shaanzhou. Kip Rock City is seventy miles southeast of the state. Later Wei County's Gorge Stone Dock. In the fourteenth year of Tang Zhenguan, he moved to Zhixia Shiwu in Kun County, because of the name Jiaoshi County, which belonged to Shaanzhou. Song Yinzhi. Golden waste county, placed in this position. Now there is a kip stone pass, set up a patrol division to guard, and also known as the kip stone station. "One Unification Chronicle": KishiGuan, Ancient Kunling Guanye, Ludong Tongshui, West Tong Hangu. "Henan Tongzhi" Jiaoshi Yiju is in the east of the prefecture seventy miles, the Kipshi Inspection Department, is the Shaanzhou jurisdiction of the waist station YiCheng Guan Cichong, to the province of 650 miles, east to Henan Province Shichi County seventy miles, west to Honzhou Gantang Yi seventy miles, south to Henan Province Yiyang County one hundred and sixty miles, north to the Yellow River forty miles. There are now fifty-five horses in the stagecoach pond, ninety horses in the stagecoach, and 3,152,250 dollars and 5 cents of silver and silver of 45,250,500,500 cents.
Historically, there are records of kiev rock construction for the defense of the Great Wall. "Huanyu Chronicle": The Great Wall of Jiaoshi is in the east of the state. Yuan Hezhi: The Great Wall of Wei was built in the nineteenth year of the nineteenth year of King Hui of Wei in the 22nd mile north of Jiaoshi County, from the northwest of Mount Kun in the southeast to the 37th mile of Hegang (near present-day Jiaoshi Township).
Anyang City: In the southeast of the state. "Water Commentary": Anyang Creek water west of Anyang City South. "Western Expedition": The so-called I wander anyang also. Anyang City (also known as Anchang), near the village of Nanxian in present-day Caiyuan Township, Shaanzhou District, preceded Kun County and earlier than Jiashi County. Anyang City got its name from the Anyang Creek, and its origin was around the Warring States period. In ancient times, it was also known as Anyang Yuan. The names of Nanyang Village and Beiyang Village in present-day Caiyuan Township may be related to Anyang Creek and Anyang City. The Genealogy Table of the Prime Minister in the Book of Tang shows that the Shangguan clan comes from the surname of Qi, and the Prince Lan of Chu is the Shangguan Dafu, with the clan as the clan. The Han migration surname was Shi Guanzhong, and the Shangguan clan migrated to Longxi Shangzhi, and his descendants migrated to Shaanxi County. Book of Han: Shangguan Jie (Western Han Dynasty foreign minister), grandfather of Empress Shangguan of the Han Zhao Emperor, was a young monk of Yulin Period. Emperor Wu was ill, with Huo Guang as the general and Tai Shu as the left general, all of whom were edicted. Liu Fuling, the emperor of Han Zhao, was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Anyang. After Emperor Zhao succeeded to the throne, Shangguan Jie married Huo Guang. In the first year of Yuan Feng, Shangguan Jie rebelled with Sang Hongyang, the imperial master, and Liu Dan, the King of Yan, and the entire clan was destroyed.
After the Tang Dynasty, there was Only Jiaoshi County, and the county seat was once near Anyang City. Anyang County was located in the west of Jiaoshi County, and Tang Zhenguan moved to Jiaoshi County for eight years, and moved to the south (present-day Caiyuan South County) in the fourteenth year.
"Five Dynasties Chronicle": Henan Bears Ears County has Houwei Kun County, and there is Also Jiaoshi Mountain. After The Wei Dynasty changed the Tang Dynasty. "Yuanhe County Atlas": Jiaoshi County, looking west to the state fifty miles. The county of Shaanxi in the Han Dynasty belonged to Hongnong County, and did not change from the Han to the Song Dynasty. Later Emperor Xiaowen of Wei divided Shaanxi County to the east and set it up as Kun County. In the second year of Emperor Ming's reign, Emperor Ming divided shaanxi and kun counties into kun county, sui wen emperor dismissed the county, and kun county belonged to Shaanzhou, and daye was abolished into Shaanxi county in the second year. Yining was reset in the first year, Lijiao Shiwu, zhenguanzhong changed its name to Jiaoshi County.
"Du Shi Detailed Notes" Stone Trench Official Wang Yinglin Yue: Stone Trench, Cover Shaanzhou Shaanxi County Stone Trench Town also. "Dizhi" Yun: Shi Trench Town, Ben kun County, Later Wei Place. In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan, it was renamed Jiaoshi County. "One Unification Chronicle": Stone trench, seventy miles east of the present-day city of Shaanxi. 【Qian Note】 Bian Yuan: Stone Trench, Shaanxi Dongshu, its land in New Anxi. Stone trenches, i.e. stone trenches also. Press: Kun in the northwest of Hongnong Pond, Zhenguan eight years, moved Kun County to Anyang City, forty miles west of Shicheng. It is called a stone trench or a stone trench.
After that, somehow, Kun County was abolished and relocated several times, and finally renamed Kip shek County. According to historical records, after the abolition of the county in 606 AD, it was merged into Shaanxi County. In 617, kun county was re-established, and the seat of government was near the Shimen Reservoir (硖石坞), a vegetable garden in present-day Shaanxi County, but it was soon abolished. In 618, the Tang Dynasty was established, and then Kun County was established. In 620, the county seat was moved to the vicinity of the present-day Jiaoshi (The Old Town of Yaqiao). In 634, it was moved to the vicinity of Nanxian Village (Anyang City) in Caiyuan Township, Shaanxi County. In 640, it was moved back to the vicinity of the Shimen Reservoir (硖石坞), a vegetable garden in present-day Shaanxi County, and renamed Jiaoshi County. In the first year of Tang Tianyou (907), it was moved to the present town of Jiaoshi, later known as Jiaoshi Old County. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty (960), in 967 AD, the county seat of Jiaoshi was moved to the present-day Jiaoshi (Shi trench town). In 1073, Jiaoshi County was abolished and changed to Shi trench town. Later, Kip shek Station, Kip shek Pass, and Kip shek Town were established in present-day Kip shek. During the Jin occupation, There was also a kipshi county.
In summary, for most of the nearly 600 years between 487 and 1073 AD, the main area in the eastern part of present-day Shaanxi County was administered by Kun County or Kip Shi County. Before the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Jiaoshi had many guides to Jiaoshi (硖石坞, located on the South Kun Road). After the Song Dynasty, kip stone mostly refers to the north kip stone (that is, the present-day kip stone, formerly known as the Duck Bridge, later a stone trench, on the North Kun Road).
Whether it is the South Kip Stone or the North Kip Stone, because it is on the Kunhan Ancient Road, it has attracted the attention of the world.
Famous people and historical celebrities in Kip shek Ancient County
In the history of Kip Rock, there have been many historical celebrities. Its representative figures are:
Yao Chong (650--721), real name Yuan Chong, character Yuanzhi. A native of Jiaoshi, Shaanzhou (present-day Shaanxi County, Henan Province). Tang Dynasty minister, famous politician, son of Yao Yi, the governor of The Prefecture of Zhaozhou. He served as the chancellor of the three dynasties of Empress Wu, Emperor Ruizong, and Emperor Xuanzong.
Yao He, a native of Jiaoshi, Shaanzhou. Yuan He Jinshi , Kaicheng End as a secretary supervisor , the name of the poem is more important than a moment, known as "Yao Wugong", Li Pin tasted the teacher.
Yao Xun (姚勗), Zi Siqin (字司勤), a member of the Tang Dynasty Prefecture (唐陜州硖石人), was a grandson of Yao Chongxuan . Muzong Changqing first ascended to the throne. Successively moved to supervise the imperial history and moved to consult the doctor. Changed the history of the Lake Chang'er Prefecture Thorn. Be friendly with Li Deyu. After Deyu was expelled, the family had no assets, the illness had no decoction, and the number of xun was waiting to be asked. The official finally defeated Wang Fu.
Gao Jixing (858--929), formerly known as Gao Jichang (高季昌), courtesy name Yisun, was a native of Jiaoshi, Shaanzhou (present-day southeast of Sanmenxia, Henan), and the founding monarch of Nanping (also known as Jingnan) during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In 907, Zhu Wen declared himself emperor and appointed Gao Jixing as an envoy to Jingnan Jiedushi. In 914, he was crowned king of Bohai. After The Later Tang destroyed the Later Liang, Gao Jixing declared himself a vassal to the Later Tang and personally entered the pilgrimage. In 924, Emperor Zhuang of Later Tang made him the King of Nanping.
Gao Congjie, Zi Zunsheng, Ji Xing's eldest son. At the time of Ji Xing, Shi Liang gave a message, returned to the province and stayed behind, commanding the ma infantry army and marching Sima Army. Ji Xingjian, Wu took Congzhi as the emissary of Jingnan Jiedushi, and Congzhi with his father cut himself off from Tang.
Gao Baorong (高保融), also spelled Dechang (字德長), was the third son of Congzhi (诲時), the deputy envoy of Jiedu (節度) from Zhishi (诲時), the assassin of Xia Prefecture (峡州刺史), the governor of Xia Prefecture (陳州刺史), the prince of Baijie (中節度) the Prince of Guangshun (廣顺), the first year of the reign of Emperor Xiande (顯德) the King of Bohai Commandery (渤海郡王), and the King of Nanping (南平王) in the first year of Xiande.
Gao Baoxun (高保勖), zi shengfu (字省勖), the tenth son of Congzhi,Jin Tianfuchu (晋天福初), the Linghan Prefecture Assassin History, the Baorong Li Order to judge the internal and external military forces, Zhou Xiandechu(周顯德初), from Baorong to the cumulative inspection of the school lieutenant, the marching sima of the army, and the commander of the Ningjiang army. Bao Rong, that is, the envoy of Jingnan Jiedushi, Jianlong for two years, sent his brother Bao Yin to pay tribute, and persuaded Bao Xun to return to the dynasty, did not listen to Bao Xun, was obscene, and was good at creating a Tai Xie, poor workers, and skillful military and civilian grievances.
Gao Jichong, Zi Chenghe (Song Shi and Dong Du Shi slightly wrote Zi Zanping) Bao Rong's eldest son, Bao Xun (保勖卒), Bai Jiedushi (拜節度使), when Zhang Wenbiao of Hunan was in rebellion, Zhou Baoquan asked for help from the imperial court. In the fourth year of Jianlong, Song Taizu ordered Murong Yanzhao and others to negotiate, falsely passing through Jingnan, about to cross the city with troops, following the request of the general Li Jingwei, strictly treating him, the judge Sun Guangxian Lingzhi, Ruxia Jiang Yiminer, And Zhi success or failure.
Li Yanxian (李彦仙), courtesy name Shaoyan , is Li Xiaozhong (李孝忠). A famous general in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Pengyuan of Ningzhou (Ning County, Gansu), later moved to Gongzhou (present-day Longxi, Gansu). In April of the first year of Jianyan (1127), Jin soldiers invaded Shaanzhou, and Wang Xie could not resist and fled with his troops. At this time, Li Yanxian held on to Sanzui Mountain as a stone trench lieutenant, and Li Yanxian led the military and civilians of Shaanzhou City to fight more than 200 battles, annihilating countless enemies, and finally fell because of the exhaustion of food. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Envoy of Zhangwu Jiedushi, and built a temple in Shangzhou, with the title of Zhonglie. There is a tomb of Li Yanxian in Kip Shi Village, shaoxing for nine years, and a temple was erected in Shaanzhou, known as Yi Lie. For eight years, qiandao was given the title of Zhongwei. There is a strategy, good strain, heavy temperament.
Zhang Rui (also known as Zhang Shun), zi ji wu, a native of Jiaoshi Village, Jiaoshi Town, Shaanxi County. Ouyang Zhen of the Republic of China's "Chronicle of Shaanxi County" records: Jiaoshi is an old post station, the temple ditch is fenced off, all around are mountains, the villages near the square circle are under the jurisdiction of Jiaoshi, Zhang Rui has been the main town of Government affairs for decades, strong and majestic, talented and courageous temperament, good at decision-making and opinion, everywhere there is a problem, the surrounding villagers provide their envoys, only obey, although there is a back talk, the face does not dare to violate, the family is rich, it is beneficial, the burden is huge, Tian Lian is strange, the villagers are half of their tenants, and their family members and children collect land rent in the summer and autumn. Many people in Fangyuan Village have misbehaved, and Zhang Rui will put them to justice, and the dead will be dozens of generations. In the 12th year of the Republic of China, Wu Peifu was stationed in Luoyang, Zhang Rui was accused and arrested by the townspeople, and was ransomed, and the family road gradually fell, while Rui was frustrated, and the Republic of China died for 19 years. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the trend of mergers and acquisitions has prevailed, and the classes of the rich and the poor have become more and more divided. Tai Shi Gong was more likely to be the prince of the feudal kingdom than the prince of the kingdom. When Zhang Rui was at his peak, he sat on the rent of the land, people did not work and became rich, his family was clothed and fattened, why was it different, Zhang Rui did not understand the way of Baotai to maintain profits, a large number of civil engineering, carpentry, masonry, often dozens of hundreds of people, all year round. The house he lives in is extremely poor and magnificent, and the prosperity and decline of things are also inevitable. Yang Ziyun: The house of gaoming, the ghost overlooking its room. Zhang Rui was defeated after his death, and the first house became a grassy grass.
A corner of The Kip Stone Zhang Rui Zhaizi
The pen and ink left by the literati of past generations in The Kip Stone
Jin Panyue's "Western Expedition": "The Weiyi (逶逶) of Deng kunsaka (崤道), the saga of Yang Chongling." Gao (Xia Hougao) was buried in Nanling, and Wen (King Wen of Zhou) violated the wind in Bei'a. Jian (蹇叔) wept Meng (Meng Mingshi) to be defeated, and Xiang (Jin Xianggong) was defeated by Ink Decline to grant Ge. Once only the wheel did not reverse, the three marshals to ji he. ”
Tang Du Fu's "Stone Trench Official": "In the village of the stone trench at dusk, there are officials who arrest people at night. The old man walked over the wall, and the old woman went out to watch. Whoops! What a pain! Listen to the woman's speech before: Three men Ye Chengshu. One man attached a letter to, and two men died in the new war. The survivors are alive, and the dead are long gone! There was no one in the room, only the grandchildren. There are grandchildren who have not gone, and there is no end to the skirt. Although the old woman's strength is weakened, please return from the night of the official. In response to the Heyang Campaign, Judah had to prepare for the morning cooking. The night is long and silent, like a weeping cry. Tianmingdeng has a future, and he says goodbye to the old man alone. "It reflects the heavy disaster that the Anshi Rebellion brought to the people near the present Kip Shek."
Tang Hanyu wrote in the "Secondary Stone": "After a few days of leaving the snow, this dynasty has come out of the mountain again." Try to look at the high place, and faintly see the Tong Pass. ”
Don Bai Juyi wrote in his Journey to the West that "... Shou'an Flowing Water Hall, Kip shek Aoyama Guo. The official road is yin and yin, and the palace flowers are desert..."
Tang Liu Changqing,"The Main Book Of The Lord's Book Before the Feast of the Stone Meets the Rain from the Brother Ying's House"
In the green of the county town, the two cliffs of the road are open. The stone clouds are deserted, and the east wind blows rain.
My brother is an official, and Bo Eunuch knows that there is no media. Fang Inch hugged Qin Mirror, and his reputation was passed down.
Between the five buckets of the waist, the mole is barely with the dust. The rank is full and the surplus is small, and the family is poor and still scattered.
Whoever says the second thing, temporarily pours gold. Although you want to stay less here, it is like returning to the limit.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Du Xunhe's "Wounded Jiaoshi County Sick Sorcerer": "There is no child, no grandchildren, and a sick man, and he jian will work hard to cultivate the peasants." The official family did not care about the basil land, and the king of Shule rented it out. ”
The late Tang Dynasty painter and poet Han Wei wrote in the "Out of the Official Jing Jiaoshi County": "... The hometown wants clarity, and the wind can weep. The stream is long like a willow, and the mountain is warm like a cherry blossom. Reverse brigade surprised, wild old sorrowful valley. Birds of prey are flying, and the fox tails are fluttering. ......”
Tang Xiao Yingshi,"Early Spring Over the Seven Ridges, Sending the Title To The Walls of the Pei Cheng Hall"
There is less fun in the post, and the late trip is partial to the king. Still always where, guanlu creek side clouds.
Zilu is not dramatic, can be unconventional. The acacia yin never closes, and the sound of the spring is still faint.
Sigh the spring to stop drinking, and lead from this point. Ascend to the top of the city and look into the city, obliquely shadowing the half-wind.
Tang Kwon Kwon You, "Sending Stones on the Road but Sending Inside"
Shazha travels eastward and deep, and the rain is heavy.
After passing through here for a few days, he should see the sorrowful man looking at each other.
Song Wang Yu Wei "Kip shek County Hostel"
Frost dried autumn leaves fly, and the migration is miserable.
Dangerous people hang down, climbing horses with hooves.
The hedges are barren and bitter, and the clouds are frozen and the geese are low.
This night should be sleepless, why bother to report the chicken.
Ming Yang Sisheng wrote in the poem: "In the early morning, when the stones are passed, the earth stands like a deep wall; the dusk is cloudy and sunny, and the sky is peeping into a gap." The accumulated rain and mud are slippery, the pedestrians are narrow and narrow; the far-fetched climb is strong, and the servants and horses are quite standing..." The ancient road is dangerous and the traffic is difficult to describe vividly.
Ming Zhao Wanbi (Jiaozhou native) "Kip Stone"
In the past, I heard of the stone, and this day should be difficult.
The smoke hole is infinitely deep. The ladder is not dry.
Man falls from heaven. The tree looks into the well
In the empty and green expanse, the clothes are dark and cold.
Ming Yiqu "Kip Stone"
The kip stone is divided into Qin risks, and the postal pavilion is getting lower and lower.
The unknown mountain is close to the rocks, and the road has been lost.
See the smoke rising. Deep forest fear birds chirping.
Where is Fengcheng, Miwang grass.
Ming Yang Shen's "Kip Stone Road"
Stone trench ring Shaanxi Yi, water belt Kunguan.
Looking east to the Mud Valley, south to Jijia Mountain.
Qin Lun has not only returned, and Zhao Bi has double returns.
In the void, among the barren vines.
Ming Wang Xiangchun's "Kip shi huaigu" [i.e. Kunling]
True into the arrow and the car box, just like a thousand-year-old battlefield.
Imagine the death of the country and the memory of Uncle Wen, when the wind and rain remember King Wen.
The Chu people entered the torch lightly, and the thrips were not defended.
Three-fold Qinglian Shu Daoqu, Hugh Lingshou Turned into a Jackal.
Ming Zhengyue wrote "Shanzhai Anthology IV" and "Kip Stone Blocking Rain"
The rain stagnated, and the mountain pass sat in the post hall.
Wei Gang returned to the horse's head, and the thin road went around the sheep's intestines.
Anti-mud slippery, add clothes to feel cool in the day.
The guest's heart is falling, and the sideburns are heavy.
Qing Wu Shouqing's poem "Crossing the Jiaoshi Mountain": "The autumn wind on the Jiaoshi Mountain rises, and when is the ambition of the Western Expedition?" The road is rough and limited to horses, and the god of shrinking land is Fang Si Feizi. Looking up at the Jade Gate, Ban Chao's career he foot teeth. Vows will be toread all over Central Asia, the top of the Ula Mountains tree boundary toe. Go back to Mount Hima and explain the Buddha's zen teachings. Dragons rise from the eastern continent, please see the Asian rain pressing the European wind. Laughter and groaning are not enough, and the hero has never been created. Xiongtu argues that Temujin, I who is the man who screams long. Note: (Wu Shouqing, name Wu Luzhen or Lu Zhen, born in 1880, from the People clan of Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, joined the army in 1896.) In 1898, Wu was recommended to study the Army at the Japanese Non-Commissioned Officer School, and was known as the Non-Commissioned Officer Sanjie along with Zhang Shaozeng and Lan Tianwei. Later, some people listed him alongside Cai Yi and Jiang Baili as a non-commissioned officer. Mr. (Lu Zhen) has a posthumous poem, and there is a poem "Passing over the Stone Mountain", which can be pressed. Wu Luzhen was a revolutionary. Accompanied prince Shanqi of Su on a tour of inner Mongolia, he met and became a close friend of Gongsan Norbu. One day, Wu Shouqing was drunk and slept on the stone of the steps under the Yongdao in front of the Council Chamber of the Prince's Palace, and the six characters of "Wu Shouqing's Drunken Lying Place" were handwritten by Gongsang Norbu and ordered someone to engrave them on the stone of the guard steps of this step. At that time, it was just a joke, and then Wu Shouqing was assassinated by Yuan Shikai's men in Shijiazhuang at the age of 31.
Historically, major events and architectural remains that occurred in Kip rocks
Kunhan Ancient Road: The ruins of Kunhan Ancient Road are located about 2,000 meters southwest of Che trench village in Jiaoshi Township, Shaanzhou District, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, 36 kilometers away from Sanmenxia City, which is the throat of the ancient Central Plains to Guanzhong, is the main traffic route from the east to Luoyang xida Chang'an, and is also an extremely precious cultural relic on the ancient Silk Road on the mainland. Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, stayed here overnight, witnessed the miserable scene of officers and soldiers arresting people and the people's lives, and wrote the famous poem "Stone Trench Official". In June 2006, the People's Government of Henan Province announced it as the fourth batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units. On 22 June 2014, the Silk Road was inscribed on the World Heritage List, and the Kunhan Ancient Road is its only road heritage. In October 2019, the stone trench section of the Kunhan Ancient Road was approved as the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Battle of Kun: The Battle of Qin and Jin was a decisive battle in the Spring and Autumn Period in which the Jin-Qin Struggle for Hegemony occurred. In the twenty-fifth year of King Xiang of Zhou (627 BC), Duke Mu of Qin took advantage of the funeral of Jin and sent troops to secretly attack the State of Zheng, but later retreated because of Zheng Youbei. Jin Xianggong led an army to ambush the Qin army of the Hui division at the pass of Mount Kunshan (崤山, in present-day Wangling Village, Dongsong Township, Luoning County, Henan Province) and captured the three marshals of the Qin army. The Battle of Kun was an important battle in the history of the Spring and Autumn Period. Its outbreak was not accidental, but the result of the conflict of fundamental strategic interests between Qin and Jin. In the Battle of Kun, Qin lightly launched his troops, went deep alone, attacked thousands of miles away, and suffered an unprecedented defeat. From then on, the qin state's road eastward into the Central Plains was stifled by the Jin state, and Mu Gong had to use troops to the west, "Benefiting the twelve countries, opening up thousands of miles of land, and dominating the western Rong." The Battle of Kun marked the change of relations between Jin and Qin from friendship to feud.
The specific battlefield of the Battle of Kun is controversial, and the author believes that it is more likely that it occurred in the Kipshi section of the North Kun Road.
King Wen's Tomb of Shelter from the Rain: "The Thirty-second Year of zuo chuan and the duke" "The son and the master of Uncle Jian wept and sent it: 'The imperial master of the Jin people will be in the dish.'" There are two tombs: its southern tomb, and the tomb of Xia Hougao; Its northern tomb, the place where King Wen was sheltered from the wind and rain also. Du pre-noted: "This road is in the south valley between the two dishes, the valley is deep and curved, and the two mountains are opposite each other, so it can ward off wind and rain." Kong Yingda Shu: "He Xiuyun, his place is dangerous and obstructive, and one person can ask for a hundred, so King Wen has passed it, and driving away the wind and rain is often like a storm." Temporarily sheltered under a strong stone cliff on the cliff of Guabu Mountain (locally known as Guapo Mountain) in Jiaoshi, the ruins still exist today, and posterity is grateful for its construction of a monument, which the masses call "King Wen's Shelter from the Wind and Rain". The Wind and Rain Terrace is a stone kan with a length of more than 50 meters and a height of about 8 meters, which originally had ancient cypresses and temples, and there is also a "ladder to the heavens" a few meters upwards. Generations of people here when the cattle and sheep are herded here in the storm to shelter from the rain, the local living elderly recall: no matter how big the storm, the clothes here will not be soaked by the rain, and the rubbing of matches will not be destroyed by the wind. This is the magic saying of "King Wen's Shelter". According to historical records, King Wen of Zhou was known for his filial piety, and he achieved the ultimate perfection of Wulun (father and son have relatives, kings and subjects have righteousness, husband and wife are different, elders and children are orderly, and friends have faith) to the extreme, becoming a model for the whole country, creating the foundation of the Zhou Dynasty for 800 years, becoming the longest dynasty in history.
Miaogou Town's Fence Pass: Qing Shilu Tongzhi Dynasty Records Volume 11 related content: "Tongzhi 6th day of the first month of The 6th year of Tongzhi (March 11, 1867). According to Yinggui, the three genera of Hedong Pu, Xie and Dai, xibin Yellow River, many ferries, can not be prevented. However, the temple ditch in the west of the Jiaoshi Yiyi, which used to set up a fence, had a dangerous place to defend, and should be guarded by officers and men from the three provinces of Jin, Henan, and Shaanxi to block the western criminals. ”
In December of the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), the "Mu Xiangyue" (Mu Rongchu alias) published the "Mu Rongchu Anthology" contains the "Diary of the Investigation and Investigation of the Disaster situation in Western Henan", which states: "From the west of The Jiaoshi, about four miles, about the pass, the word 'fence' on the upper face, and then Li Xu is the temple ditch." It also published photos of the "Fence Pass of Miaogou Town" taken at that time.
According to Yao Xuemou and Mr. Dong Zhenmin in the article "Investigation of the Fences of Miaogou Town", in the ancient town of Zhangmao, there are currently places where plaques about the "fences" have been found:
The first is the stone plaque of "Fence" inscribed by Yao Chong, the sage of the Tang Dynasty, in his hometown zhang mao, which is said to have been plucked from the wall of Zhang Ruizhai in Jiaoshi Town in the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919) and is now preserved in the Sanmenxia City Museum.
Second, in the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927), the Xizhai Gate built by Zhang Mao Town had a plaque inscribed by lü Weiqi, a townman, on the "Kunxi Fence" (now there is no existence).
The third is the 20 railings of the east and west of the Zhangmao Dongda Bridge built during the Five Dynasties (907-960) period, two of which have the inscription "Fence Solid, Pin Key Zhao", and in 1958, when the railway repair line reached Zhangmao, the Dongda Bridge was demolished.
The fourth is the "fence" inscription plaque of "Miaogou Town's Fenguan" recorded by Mu Xiangyue in the "Diary of Disaster Investigation and Survey of Western Henan" in the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920).
Many elderly people in the village identified that the fence pass of Miaogou Town was pressed 300 meters west of the miaogou railway station of the present-day Longhai Railway. At that time, the cliffs on both sides of the "Fence Pass" were steep, the ancient trees were towering in the sky, and the Xiongguan Pass blocked the road, which was a necessary place for the North Ridge Road, saying that it was "a husband and wife should be a pass, and all the people could not open it".
Longhai Railway: Yangliandi Bridge, the only railway bridge named after a person in mainland China. The Yangliandi Railway Bridge and The Kipstone Tunnel were jointly designed by engineers from France, Britain and Belgium in 1921 and took 4 years to complete. Located between Guanyintang Town and Jiaoshi Township in Shaanxi County, Yangliandi Bridge is 48 meters high and 172.5 meters long, making it the tallest bridge and tunnel on the Longhai Railway Line, and also the key project for the Longhai Railway to penetrate east and west. During the Liberation War, the Kuomintang army blew up the bridge, leaving only 5 piers. In 1949, in order to liberate the Great Northwest, the railway soldiers were ordered to rush to repair, due to backward technology, they had to rely on manpower to operate in mid-air, and they could be crushed at any time. The local farmer said: "No. 8 top, No. 8 top, lost hands and fell into cakes; The eighth end, the eighth end, the upper bridge is like the heavens. Yang Liandi, a soldier of a certain detachment of the Railway Corps, created a one-sided cloud ladder with a fearless spirit, and took the lead in climbing the piers of the bridge more than 40 meters high, which won time for the repair of the bridge. For this reason, Yang Liandi won the title of "Hero of Ascension". In May 1953, Yang Liandi was honorably killed while repairing the Cheongcheon River Bridge in North Korea. Chinese the leading organs of the People's Volunteer Army posthumously remembered his special merits, awarded him the title of hero of the first class, and named his company "Yang Liandi Company". He was also awarded the title of "Hero of the Democratic Republic of Korea" and the National Flag Medal of the First Class of the Gold Star Medal. The Ministry of Railways named Bridge No. 8 "Yang Liandi Bridge" and established the Yang Liandi Monument on the northwest side of the bridge. The height of the stele is 14.5 meters, the stele is narrow and wide, the front is trapezoidal, and the inscription on the stele is "Yang Liandi Martyr Monument" in several large red characters. Its monument is now Yang Liandi Park.
Jiaoshi Prison: In 1951, the Henan Provincial Public Security Department began to prepare for the construction of Jiaoshi Prison, which is subordinate to the 16th Detachment of Labor Reform in Henan Province, mainly producing construction cement, stone and lime. In that year, a number of Song Dynasty tombs were found during construction. In 2014, Kip shek Prison was relocated to a new site in Zhangwan Township.
In July 1951, the Public Security Department of the Shaanzhou Special Bureau opened a labor reform production site in Jiaoshi, Shaanxi County, and organized more than 200 criminals to quarry stones, mainly producing railway slag. At that time, the name of the organization was "Shaanzhou Laogai Squadron". Later, it was merged with the Shaanxi County Labor Reform Squadron into a brigade, called the "Shaanzhou Exclusive Public Security Department Labor Reform Brigade", and the enterprise name was "Shaanxi Stone Reform Stone Slag Factory", which was subordinate to the Public Security Department of the Shaanxi Prefecture Special Bureau.
In April 1952, the Shaanzhou Special Bureau merged with the Luoyang Special Bureau, the Shaanzhou Special Bureau Public Security Department merged with the Luoyang Special Bureau Public Security Department, and the name of the prison institution was changed to "The Third Brigade of the Luoyang Special Public Security Department", and the enterprise name was "Local State-owned Luoxin Stone Factory".
In September 1953, the Third Discipline Brigade of the Public Security Department of the Luoyang Special Bureau was under the leadership of the Henan Provincial Public Security Department, and the administrative name was changed to "The Sixteenth Labor Reform Correctional Team of Henan Province", and the enterprise name was "Henan Province Local State-owned Luoxin Stone Factory".
In October 1963, after receiving a notice from the Henan Provincial Public Security Department, the name of the administrative organ was changed from "The Sixteenth Correctional Brigade of Henan Province" to "The Tenth Brigade of Labor Reform in Henan Province".
In June 1968, the Revolutionary Leading Group of the Tenth Brigade of Henan Provincial Labor Reform Brigade was established to be responsible for prison work.
In January 1969, the Tenth Brigade of Henan Provincial Labor Reform implemented military control and established a military control group, and the name of the enterprise remained unchanged. On April 27, with the approval of the Revolutionary Committee of Henan Province, Luoyang was decentralized.
On December 16, 1969, the Provincial Military Control Commission Yujun Guan zi [1969] No. 45 circular notified that the name of the administrative organ was changed from the Tenth Brigade of Henan Provincial Labor Reform to the Second Brigade of Henan Provincial Labor Reform, which was subordinate to the Military Control Committee of the Luoyang District Public Security Organ.
In January 1974, the enterprise name was changed to Henan Luoxin Stone Factory.
In July 1983, it was transferred to the management of the Labor Reform Bureau of the Department of Justice of Henan Province.
On June 28, 1985, the administrative body was named the 16th Detachment of Henan Provincial Labor Reform. In August of the same year, the name of the enterprise was changed to Henan Luoxin Building Materials Factory with the approval of the Labor Reform Bureau of the Provincial Department of Justice.
In March 1988, with the approval of document [1987] No. 389 of the Labor Reform Bureau of the Provincial Department of Justice and the document No. 384 [1988] of the Provincial Planning Commission, the enterprise name was renamed from Henan Luoxin Building Materials Factory to Henan Provincial Sanmenxia Cement Factory.
In May 1995, the 16th Detachment of Henan Provincial Labor Reform was renamed Sanmenxia Prison in Henan Province.
On September 5, 1998, Sanmenxia Cement Factory was merged by Zhenhua Glass Factory of Henan Province, and the former Sanmenxia Cement Factory of Henan Province was renamed As Henan Sanlian Cement Factory, which belonged to Henan Zhenhua Glass Factory.
Folklore about Kip shek
The history of kip stones is thick, there are many historical records, and there are more folk legends, among which the representative ones are:
Niangniang's Tomb: About a few meters on the high cliff of 100 meters west of the ancient county town of Jiaoshi is the "Niangniang Tomb". The ancient tomb is about 10 meters high and about 30 meters in diameter, and has been handed down to this day. No one knows which dynasty this lady is from, what generation she has, and who her surname is. Legend: Whoever has "red and white things" in the town of Jiaoshi went to burn incense and kneel in front of the "Niangniang's Grave" in the afternoon of the first day, telling Niangniang that she would entertain several tables of guests tomorrow. Before dawn, set up dishes and other tableware on each table. At the end of the "thing", the washed and dried dishes are returned, year after year. Some users do not pay attention to credit, can not be returned according to the standard, and will not work in the future. There is also a legend: "Qin Shengfu dug up niangniang's grave". In 1944, Qin Shengfu colluded with the Japanese garrison to attack the Eighth Route Army stationed at Guanyin Hall. In the spring of 1945, he collected more than 32 million yuan of Kuomintang legal tender and into his private pocket in Zhang Mao, Jiaoshi private tax cards, extortion, and open collection and secret robbery. In 1947, he fought against the People's Liberation Army stationed in Guanyintang, and looted the ancient cultural relics in the tomb under the name of building a bunker on a cliff 100 meters high in the west of The Kip shek (the place is Niangniang's Tomb). According to Zhang Moumou, a civil servant who repaired the bunker, "When we went to the inside of the grave to look, we only saw some rubble pottery pieces. The soil quality of the tomb cannot be found in the nearby ten miles and eight townships. ”
Bagua Liulijing: Bagua Liulijing is located on the top of Guabu Mountain in the northeast of Jiaoshi, according to the Shaanxi County Chronicle of the Republic of China: "Its brightness is like a mirror, unfathomable". And the "Wenwang Shelter" belongs to the same mountain, and the mountains and hills echo each other. The wellhead is "regular octagonal", which is composed of eight "crystal stone" plates through exquisite carving, and each plate surface has a "Bagua pattern". This is the remnant of the "Eight Eighty-Sixty-Four Gua" created by King Wen of Zhou, which is a permanent memorial of King Wen of Zhou by the People of Jiaoshi. Later generations remembered King Wen of Zhou and erected a monument to the Temple of King Wen at the "Bagua Liuli Well". At present, there are no temple monuments, only two headless stone statues of Wen Wang's civil officials and military generals.
Erlang Cave: About ten miles down the river from the Kip shek River, it is in the 100-meter cliff south of the "Eighteen Pangou" ditch. According to the Chronicle of Shaanxi County of the Republic of China: There was a one-day cave in the ancient cave of Kunling.
Sanlian Cave: There is a landscape in the cave, I don't know when it was chiseled, and the handwriting of ancient tablets is not clear. The statue of the god in the cave, the god of the common cloud Erlang, has a pond one, and does not know the depth. In the middle of the pond, there is a pine purlin, and the cave must be walked along the rafters to the edge of the pool, there are tables and chairs, an iron lamp, and a volume of heavenly books. When people come to the table, the lamp does not ignite spontaneously, and people forget when they read it out of the hole. There are two modern stone monuments, one through Jiaqing for 22 years, and one for 22 years for the Republic of China. Dongtong Stone Trench Town, about twenty-five miles long.
Cylinder Cliff Cave: There is an ancient cave "Cylinder Cliff Cave" in the middle of the 100-meter cliff cliff in the southwest half of Dajiashan Village, about three miles northeast of Jiaoshi. At the entrance of the cave, there is a pottery product "big old tank", which is more than 1 meter high, about 60 centimeters in diameter, and weighs nearly 500 pounds. Block the entrance to the cave tightly. Visitors can only see this magical cylinder hole clearly at the bottom of the ditch or north of the ditch of the "Eighteen Pan Ditch". For thousands of years, there have been legends in The ancient county of Kip shek: "Nine Mountains and Eighteen Caves, there are goblins in the caves." The so-called "goblins" are "demons and ghosts" who often do evil and harm others. To solve the mystery of the "Tank Cliff Cave", we must start from the "Eight Immortals". The "Cylinder Cliff Cave" and the "Blue Fairy Temple" are close at hand, and the Eight Immortals use the "Big Old Cylinder" to seal the Cylinder Cliff Cave.
He Xiangu Cave inscription: He Xiangu Cave is located in the cliff of the South Wolf's Nest Village in the northwest of The Kip shek, and the "Chronicle of the Republic of China County" contains that the inscription of He Xiangu Cave "Return to Xi, Stone Canal Cave Spring" is in the north of the county's east Kip Stone Town, and the cave is not known to be written by the people of He Dynasty, and the gestures fly, leading to the fairy wind.
Xiaohua Mountain: Xiaohua Mountain is located at the junction of Dongling Village in the north of Jiaoshi and Shangzhuang Village in Wangjiahou Township, "Xiaohua Mountain" is located between the cliffs of the canyon cliffs, and it is necessary to climb along the narrow and curved path of the thousand meters of sheep intestines, so it is called "Xiaohua Mountain". There is a clearing at the top of Xiaohua Mountain, 10 meters wide and 30 meters long. There are three natural stone caves in the cliff wall behind it. There is a statue of the ancestor god in the large cave, its hole is 3 meters wide, and there is a hole with a downward slope at 4 meters deep, and it is intimidating, so you have to throw stones to test, roll down the sound of about two minutes; there is a statue of the Dragon King in the left cave, and the mountain god statue in the right cave. In the deep ditch of Xiaohua Mountain, about a kilometer away, there are two acres of open space, covered with a large stage, and built more than a dozen east and west wing rooms. Every year, the "Xiaohuashan Temple Fair" on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar lasts for three days to commemorate the ancestors, dragon kings and mountain gods.
Li Yanxian Cemetery: After liberation, Kip shek Prison dug up Li Yanxian's tomb when the Kip shek Quarry was building a club and canteen, with stone tablets and two stone sheep, horns held high, and Wei Miao Wei Xiao. Legend has it that Li fought with Jin to the death during the siege of Shaanzhou by the Jin soldiers, and eventually committed suicide by jumping into the river because he was outnumbered. The two stone sheep in his tomb are now within the quarry area.
Ru Niangniang Temple: There is a confrontation between "Rujia Mountain" and "Jinyin Mountain" in The south of The Stone. There is a "Ru Niangniang Temple" at the foot of Rujia Mountain. Legend has it that "Ru Niangniang" is the wife of the "Duke of Thunder", that is, the god of thunder. The god of thunder, also known as "Lei Gong" and "Lei Shi", is the god of Thunder in ancient mythology. "The Immortal Sea Sutra of the Inner East Of the Sea": "There is a thunder god in The Lei Ze, the body of a dragon and the head of a man, and the drum of his belly." "Cloud Immortal Miscellaneous Heavenly Drum": Thunder Heavenly Drum, Thunder God: Lei Gong. Is the god of the Lord Thunderstorm. The "Lei Ye Temple" in Jiaoshi Ancient County is located in the east of the county and borders The Pond. For thousands of years, the people of Jiaoshi relied on the sky to eat. Agricultural proverb: "The land is barren and there are many stones, and the poor will not be able to survive in the disaster years." In the old society, "three years of drought at both ends, rain is rare. "When the drought is severe, there is no harvest of particles. The only way to see rain during a few months of drought is to go to "Thunder Mountain" to ask the god in charge of thunderstorms for rain. The jiaoshi people are the "thunder god" who have the face of Ru Niangniang, the thunder god also talks about private feelings, and the jiaoshi people have to give a little to solve the urgent need to "ask for rain". Legend: In Sidaogou Village, there is a Zhao who brought home the "stone incense burner" of the "Ru Niangniang Temple" to feed the pigs. That night, Zhao Mou's stomach hurt very much, and his family and neighbors tried all kinds of ways to cure it. So he and his family knelt down to ask Lady Ru to burn incense and bow down to show that "tomorrow we will definitely send the incense burner back." The next day, a chicken was slaughtered at home to plead with Lady Ru, and the "stone incense burner" was filled with fine sand and restored to its original form, and the pain stopped.
Mr. Dong Zhenmin, a researcher of local culture in Sanmenxia, has long been a tradition of making plays, acting and attaching importance to culture. He said: Shaanzhou District Yicheng Opera Troupe, that is, Shaanxi County Yicheng Drama Culture Performance Co., Ltd. is very famous. Its predecessor is the Shaanxi County Kip Shi Village Opera Troupe, founded in 1998.
Kip Shek Village has a long history of opera and is well-known in Shaanxi County. In the 1950s, the opera composers represented by Gao Wusheng established the Kip shek Pu Opera Troupe, which changed to Yu opera after the 1970s and specialized in opera after 1998. In October 1980, the Kip Shek Theater was established, which was quite influential in Shaanxi County. (Niu Zhanya, Shang Bairen, Zhu Jiahao)
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The image of the article is provided by Mr. Dong Zhenmin