ておく、てある、ている these three Japanese words are often hanging on the lips, but how to subdivide the difference, many students do not necessarily know, the following neon Japanese for everyone to introduce in detail.
1． They keep in
Meaning: Indicates that the result of the action is completely retained, or the continuation of a certain state, or the default state is ignored, and it is allowed to develop at will. It can also mean doing something in advance for the sake of anticipating something, and sometimes a temporary measure.
Contact: For 动词连连 连,"Keep",
"Aku" is a regular use "Toku" in the mouth.
Example clause: (1) Collect materials before writing a report.
Translation: Collect good information before writing a paper.
(2) Please leave me alone.
Translation: Leave me alone!
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2. It is
Meaning: Indicates the continuation of the result of an action or action, or indicates that it is ready.
Continuation: The conjugation of his verb + "てある", followed by his verb
Example phrase: (1) Salt is on the shelf.
Translation: The salt has been put on the shelf.
(2) The door is opened to counter corona.
Translation: As a countermeasure to the new crown, open the door.
3. It is
Meaning: Indicates that the action, state, or result of it has continued to the present, or that state, or habitual, repetitive action.
Contact: For 动词连 + "It is"
Example clause: (1) The bag is open.
Translation: The bag is open.
(2) Clothes are dirty.
Translation: The clothes are dirty.
(3) Mt. Fuji is scolding.
Translation: Mt. Fuji has always stood.
summary
All three are preceding verb conjunctions, and there are great similarities between the three in the sense of representation of existence, but there are also some differences.
1. "Tei" Sum "I have" 别别
"てある" must be preceded by his verb, indicating that the state of the former passive is continuing, and the actor itself does not appear in the sentence, but can make people feel the presence of the actor;
The automatic word or other verb in front of "ている" indicates that the state of the former active person is continuous, and the existence of the actor is not emphasized. The instantaneous verb preceded by a verb indicates the continuation of the action, which is similar to the usage of てある.
Example:
(1) Salt is on the shelf.
Translation: The salt has been put on the shelf. (Emphasis on the salt on the shelf)
(2) He is married.
Translation: The man is married. (The state of the subject is continuous)
2. "Tei" Japanese "Keep" Ward Policy:
"てある" indicates the result achieved after the action is completed, emphasizing the state;
"ておく" has a stronger meaning of preparation in advance, emphasizing the action.
(1) The door is opened to counter corona.
Translation: As a countermeasure to the new crown, open the door. (Emphasis is placed on the fact that the door is open)
(2) It was about time it was dark, so I turned on the light.
Translation: It was getting dark, so I turned on the lights. (Emphasis is placed on the action of turning on the lights)