Cat milk mulching rooting and seedling technology
_Song Yuanyuan
Cat milk [Rhamnella franguloides (Maxim. ）Ｗｅｂｅｒｂ． ], also known as long-leaf green wood, glutinous rice teeth, is a deciduous shrub or small tree of the genus Cat Milk in the family Rhamnosidae. The young branches are green and covered with short soft hairs. The leaves are inverted ovate and rounded, green and glabrous on the top, and softly hairy on the bottom. The petiole is densely hairy; the leaf lanceolate, percolation. The flowers are yellow-green, amphoteric, axillary polygonal inflorescence; the drupe fruit is cylindrical, red when ripe, and turns black after drying; the flowering period is 5-7 months, and the fruit period is 7-10 months.
At present, cat milk is mostly wild, with fewer applications in production cultivation and garden cultivation, and less research on its artificial breeding technology. Cat milk seeds are small and relatively difficult to harvest. The use of sowing seedlings, the growth of seedlings is slow, the seedling period is long, and the cost of seedlings is high. This technology adopts the method of mulching and root insertion for seedlings, and the seedlings emerge neatly, the seedlings grow rapidly, and the seedlings are of good quality.
1 root acquisition
Seed cuttings are collected during tree dormancy in mid-November. Priority is given to strong plants aged 5 to 10 years as ear-picking mother trees, and root systems with a thickness of less than 2 cm are dug up from 30 cm from the main trunk. When digging up the roots, do not pull hard to avoid injury to the root skin. Choose a coarseness of 0. 4 to 2 cm, root bark without pests and diseases, no damage to the root, cut long 12 ~ 15 cm root segment. When cutting the root cuttings, the upper and lower slopes are flat and downward, which is convenient for identification and cutting. The shearing scissor blade should be sharp, and the root segment shear should be smooth, which is conducive to the formation of callus, and cannot cause splitting to cause root skin injury. After cutting, according to the thickness, every 30 to 50 roots are tied into a bundle, and the sand is stored immediately.
2 kinds of root sand
The seed root storage pit should be selected in a leeward and sunny place, the soil is well breathable, and the ground does not accumulate water. Prepare an appropriate amount of clean river sand, spray water to mix wet, and control the humidity at 60%. Sand pits were excavated, 1 m wide and 60 cm deep, and the length depended on the number of roots. First lay a layer of wet sand at the bottom of the pit, the thickness is not less than 10cm, and the lower end is down to place the seed root bundle vertically on the wet sand, leaving an appropriate gap between the bundle and the bundle, and not sticking to the pit wall. When the amount of seeds is large, a bunch of straw handles are inserted every l m in the pit, and the straw handles are 20 cm above the ground, which is conducive to heat dissipation and ventilation. After the root bundle is laid out, a layer of 10 to 15 cm thick wet sand is covered at the upper end of the bundle, and the pit mouth is covered with straw, and then covered with 6 to 8 cm of soil to raise the top of the pit above the ground to prevent water accumulation. After the temperature rises in mid-March, we should pay attention to the humidity of the sand covered under the straw in the pit, and once it is found that it is too dry, it should be sprinkled appropriately in time to maintain a moderate humidity.
3 roots sprout
In late March, the seed root bundle is removed for germination treatment. The budding bunker should be built in a warm sunny place, built with masonry or surrounded by wooden planks, and prepared with clean wet river sand with a humidity of 60%. Lay 10 cm thick wet sand at the bottom of the pit, the same operation as when the sand is hidden, and the seed root bundle is placed vertically on the wet sand in the lower-end downward form, and there should be an appropriate gap between the bundle and the bundle. After putting it away, cover the upper end of the seed root bundle with wet sand, the thickness is not less than 10 cm, and when the sand is covered, it is evenly spread by hand, and the gap between the seed roots is filled. Cover the pit mouth with a transparent plastic film and press the four sides with wet soil or stones to prevent wind blowing or air leakage. It is necessary to often check the humidity and germination of the sand, when the humidity is low, spray water in time to keep the humidity suitable; when the temperature is too high, at 11:00-15:00, the air should be properly released to prevent the temperature in the pit from being too high and overheating. The germination treatment is about 10 to 15 days, and when more than half of the roots germinate, they can be taken out for seedling cuttings.
4 Cuttings
４． 1 garden to choose from
Cat milk is a semi-negative tree species, which is highly adaptable and prefers warm and humid environments. Nursery land is best selected in the semi-shady slope, and the irrigation is convenient, and the soil layer is deep and loose.
４． 2 Land preparation
Spray the nursery once 2 to 3 days before the preparation of the land, and do not spray it if the moisture is suitable. When preparing the land, 5 kg of ferrous sulfate, 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 1 800 kg of decomposed soil fertilizer were first sprinkled on the nursery ground every 667 m2, and then the rotary tillage was carried out for deep ploughing, and the whole rake was flattened to make a furrow. Furrow north-south direction, width 1. 2m, immediately after doing well, cover with mulch film to protect the moisture.
４． 3 Cuttings
The cuttings are straight, and the row spacing of the cuttings is 30 cm× 40 cm. Prepare rough 2. ０～２． 5cm A pointed wooden stick is used as an auxiliary tool, and the tip of the wooden stick is first used to punch a vertical furrow on the covered furrow, and each furrow is punched in 3 rows, and the depth of the punch is 15 to 17cm. Immediately after the wooden stick is withdrawn, the root segment is inserted into the hole, and the depth of the cutting is controlled at the upper end of the root 1 to 2 cm below the furrow surface, and it should not be too deep. The cutting operation should be meticulous to prevent the young shoots from being injured. Immediately after cuttings, irrigate to increase soil moisture and bring the seeds and soil into close contact. Mulching furrow surface temperature and moisturizing effect Good fruit, can clearly promote the seedlings to take root, grow, 10 to 15 days after the rooting began to emerge.
5 Seedling management
５． 1 Timely seedlings
Cat milk roots are cluster-shaped at the beginning of seedling emergence, nutrients are not concentrated, and the seedlings are weak. When the seedlings are 8 to 10 cm tall, each plant chooses to keep a strong-growing sprout, and the rest are all removed. Timely seedling fixing can effectively concentrate nutrients to promote seedling growth.
５． 2 Fertilizer water management
Cat milk likes water and fertilizer, and seedling topdressing is carried out in 2 times. The first time in mid-June, 5 kg of urea was applied every 667 m2, and the second time was in mid-August, 10 kg of urea or compound fertilizer was applied every 667 m2. In dry weather, it is necessary to water and irrigate in time; in the rainy season, it is necessary to drain water in time to avoid water in the furrow area.
５． 3 Weeding in medium tillage
Because the furrow surface is covered with mulch, there are fewer furrow weeds in the previous period, and the weeds that grow near the jack should be removed in time. After the first topdressing in June, combined with weeding, it is necessary to cultivate it comprehensively once. After July, the combination of medium ploughing and weeding is carried out to keep the soil from compaction and the furrow surface free of weeds.
５． 4 Pest control
There are fewer diseases and pests in cat milk. During the seedling period, if the damage such as tigers and grubs is found or blight occurs, the prevention and control can be carried out in a timely manner by conventional methods.