天天看点

He sent 33 sons and daughters abroad, and before leaving, he warned: Do not be a Chinese citizen, a daughter is known to everyone!

In the history of China, in the face of the Qing Dynasty that was about to perish, many able and important people were immersed in the glory of the past for a long time, unable to face the cruel reality, drinking and having fun all day, and the extravagant wind was at its peak in the Qing government at that time, silently waiting for the hungry wolves to eat the weak sheep, and in the whole flock there was a person who was different, and did not hesitate to oppose the whole world, to restore the former glory of the Qing Dynasty, this person was Ai Xinjue Luo Shanqi.

He sent 33 sons and daughters abroad, and before leaving, he warned: Do not be a Chinese citizen, a daughter is known to everyone!

Ai Xin Jue Luo Was Born on March 15, 1866, born of royal blood, was a descendant of Hauge the Prince of Su, the eldest son of Emperor Taiji at that time, and unlike other noble young masters, Ai Xin Jue Luo Shan Qi cultivated a very stoic character since childhood, and practiced martial arts all day in the hope that one day he would be able to repay the country, with the passage of the tide of history, Ai Xin Jue Luo Shan Qi watched as the sun of the Qing Dynasty sun gradually sank.

He sent 33 sons and daughters abroad, and before leaving, he warned: Do not be a Chinese citizen, a daughter is known to everyone!

At that time, Kuangfu Qing Dynasty was the lifelong wish of Ai Xinjue Luo Shanqi. Not only did he refuse to sign the emperor's abdication edict, but he even launched two campaigns for Manchu and Mongolian independence, but in the end the Japanese government did not continue to support it or failed. In 1899, after Ai Xinjue luo Shanqi successfully inherited the title of prince, he was invaded by the Eight-Nation Alliance the following year, and Empress Dowager Cixi had already fled the city with Guangxu.

Let Aisin Kyora Zenki go back to the aftermath alone, in desperation, Aisin Kyora Zenki just during the aftermath of the rescuence just strengthened the spy translator Kawashima Sulang, at this time Ai Shin Kyora Zenki became a pawn of Kawashima Suowa, in 1900, the change of Gengzi broke out in one fell swoop, aisin Kyora Zenki's home was burned down by the Eight-Nation Alliance, the Qing government in order to make up for Aisin Kyora Zenki.

He sent 33 sons and daughters abroad, and before leaving, he warned: Do not be a Chinese citizen, a daughter is known to everyone!

Therefore, he promoted Ai Xinjue Luo Shanqi to the position of tax administrator, and even implied that Ai Xin Jue Luo ShanQi could use his position to loot the people's anointing, but Ai Xin Jue Luo Shan Qi not only did not accept this suggestion, but also punished the corrupt officials in the imperial court, and was later impeached by the villain and was deposed, but it was not long before Ai Xin Jue Luo Shan Qi was reused.

He sent 33 sons and daughters abroad, and before leaving, he warned: Do not be a Chinese citizen, a daughter is known to everyone!

At this time, Ai XinJue Luo Shanqi was bound to eliminate all the unhealthy tendencies of the Qing government, and even change the Qing government's imperial court system, at this time, Ai Xin Jue Luo Shan Qi was undoubtedly a pebble, and no matter how powerful he was, he was only a light rod commander Ai Xin Jue Luo Shan Qi Although he was an extremely honest and loyal and righteous official, he also suffered from no one to help.

How can you turn the tide on your own? For this reason, after Puyi abdicated, Aisin Kyora Zenqi eventually went to Lushun to find his former brother Kawashima Sulang, but aisin Kyora Zenqi, who was in the dark, did not know that he was just a pawn of Kawashima Sulang, and through Kawashima Sulang's secret calculations, Aisin Jueluo Zenqi had contact with Japan at this time.

He sent 33 sons and daughters abroad, and before leaving, he warned: Do not be a Chinese citizen, a daughter is known to everyone!

At that time, Japan just took advantage of the patriotic heart of Aisin Kyora Zenki to brainwash him, and instilled the idea of "Sino-Japanese promotion" into the brain of Aisin Kyora Zenki without reservation, and was believed to be true by Aisin Kyora Zenki in the dark, and even after the death of Emperor Meiji of Japan, Aisin Kyora Zenki fasted and bathed for three days to express his mourning for the Japanese emperor.

In 1914, Aisin Kyora Zenqi even braved the hardships and dangers to come to the White Jade Mountain in Lushun to pay tribute to the Japanese who had invaded China, and even in order to show the friendship between China and Japan, Aisin Kyora Zenqi gave fourteen daughters to Kawashima Sulang, who were the world spies behind Kawashima Yoshiko.

He sent 33 sons and daughters abroad, and before leaving, he warned: Do not be a Chinese citizen, a daughter is known to everyone!

With the passage of time, Ai XinJue Luo Shanqi's desire to restore the Qing Dynasty also became more and more depressed, but Ai Xin Jue Luo ShanQi pinned this hope on his descendants. At that time, Aisin Kyora Zenki instructed them not to be Chinese officials, not to be Chinese people, and third, not to forget the kindness of the former Japanese Empire.

He sent 38 children abroad, except for three people who did not cross to Japan in the east, everyone else went to Japan to take root, in 1922, Ai Xin Jue Luo Shanqi died of illness in Lushun, died of illness at the age of 56, buried in the tomb of king Suqing, Puyi posthumously "Zhong", full name Su Zhong.

“我”在海外教中文,遇到了世纪难题……

又是一个欢腾的中国年,全球华人都沉浸在庆祝虎年的气氛中。许许多多的汉语老师,也都在这个时候,会组织学生进行各种各样的中华文化活动的表演和展示。汉语的世界性传播,不仅仅靠中华文化的对外展示,更离不开每位汉语教师的辛勤耕耘,在海外也不例外。他们的真实工作情况是怎样的?汉语在外国学校里是一个怎样的存在呢?

文 | ABB

编 | 天悦

01兼职汉语老师的中文情愫

笔者的一位朋友赵老师在英国工作,是兼职汉语老师。她告诉我:“这里好的学校基本都开设了不少小语种供学生选择学习,如法语、西语、德语、意大利语、俄语等,以欧洲语言为主,但开汉语课的比较少。”

我问:“为什么?”

她告诉我:“还不是因为选择的学生太少了”。由于中英地理较远的原因,很多外国学生对中国不甚了解,有些对中国的印象甚至还停留在较为不发达的时期,所以他们更愿意选择距离较近、语系较近、发展水平和意识形态也接近的欧洲国家的语言来学习。

她说:“还有一点,英国学生学汉语跟我们学英语心态不同。我们当年是奔着G5来的英国,所以英语是刚需。但很少有英国学生把清北交复作为本科学习目标的。所以同样学习一门外语,英国孩子可能不知道学下去的意义是什么,感觉新奇好玩就学两天,而汉字太难就放弃了,这种情况很多。”

因此对她来说,要找到一所能长期凑满汉语课开班人数的英国学校,留下来当全职,很有难度。

“我”在海外教中文,遇到了世纪难题……

这并不是个案。笔者调查发现,因为生源有限,在海外很多汉语老师只能采用兼职的方式来赚钱生活。一位非常优秀的汉语老师钱先生跟笔者分享道:

“我以前都是在家门口放了7个包,每天拿一个不同的包去不同的学校上课,周末做家教,特别辛苦。而且我遇到过各种专业背景、来自中国内地/中国港澳台/东南亚的人也来当汉语老师,竞争更加激烈。”

钱先生在英国生活了20多年。他说,这些年他换了很多学校,终于在当地最好的高中长期全职工作了。因为这所学校的校长特别有远见,明白汉语很重要,中国越来越强大,希望自己的学生能够适应未来世界的发展,所以大力推广汉语课。而且这所学校的学生都比较优秀,学得不错,中途放弃的也比较少。”笔者为他的苦尽甘来感到欣慰。

能够教汉语的海外华人有很多,但开汉语课的学校并不多,一位老师还可以同时兼几份工作,这样岗位就更少了。所以即使是兼职工作,老师们也都很珍惜。一般来说,他们可以找到的最高职位是一所名校的中文组组长(通过在国外大学读博留下在大学工作的汉语老师除外)。

“我”在海外教中文,遇到了世纪难题……

02汉语培训有市场,但盈利点低

当一位汉语老师已经积累了一定的教学经验和人脉关系以后,有些就会在华人社区亲自开办一所汉语培训学校了。

而面对大部分不开汉语课的英国学校,很多华人甚至其他民族的人,也迫切地希望有专业机构来教他们的孩子学汉语。

于是,这样的培训学校应运而生,组织孩子在晚上、周末和放假时间学习汉语。除此以外,还会辅导他们考HSK,教中国文化、艺术,庆祝中国节日等。

有些做大的培训机构,还组织学生来华游学研学,给他们提供申请中国大学的升学指导服务,以及留学后服务,比如帮助他们找住宿、找工作等,这相当于把指导中国孩子出国的留学一条龙产业链,反转复制到了中国。

不过,也有一位从事这条产业赛道的汉语机构老板孙先生向笔者描述:“在英国当地汉语培训是有市场的,但留学规划等就不容易做了。外国人来中国留学和中国人去英美留学很不一样,想来中国读学历教育的英国学生大多数只想拿中国最顶尖大学的学位文凭,而顶尖大学也仅几所,不太需要中国人帮他们择校。”

况且,中国大学对外国留学生的大学申请考核中没有强调背景提升这个方面,因而他们不一定非得做美国大学要求的那些素质活动。

另外,中国的好大学对外国留学生的服务也周到,关心他们的日常生活,帮助他们解决学习和生活困难,所以也不存在像中国留学生去海外学习需要留学后服务的情况。

“所以,这三个盈利点在外国人来华留学的产业链中是不太高的。”他说,因此想要复制英语教育,形成全球化上下游产业链,还需更多的调研和尝试。不能想当然地认为,中国人出国留学需要这个规划那个指导,外国人来华留学也一定有这个需求。

“我”在海外教中文,遇到了世纪难题……

03中国国际学校“出海”,厉兵秣马

笔者听到很多人说,汉语国际教育市场太大太散,不容易开拓。但恰恰因为其面向的人群广度,未来蕴藏着广阔的机遇和空间。

据了解,VIPKID旗下针对外国儿童学中文的Lingo Bus,从2017年6月上线到现在四年半时间,已累积来自超过100个国家和地区的10万多学员。

同样为海外青少年提供在线中文课程的LingoAce,随着疫情期间在线教育的崛起,在2020年月收入也增加了20倍。

而近期新东方也在美国举办了大规模招生活动,现场人头攒动,吸引了不少人的目光。

除此以外,“汉语热”“中国热”也体现在中国学校开设海外分校上。比如2019年教育部首批海外中国国际学校试点单位中,就有巴西里约赛尔国际学校、迪拜中国国际学校,2021年还有柬埔寨中国国际学校。

这三所国际学校都开设了中国的全日制课程,其中迪拜中国国际学校还开设当地特色的阿拉伯语、道德学等,学生毕业后可以参加中国高考,也可以申请外国大学。

虽然,目前很多对外汉语机构的老师在中国,通过视频在线教学,但笔者认为,线上教学并不能完全取代线下面对面教学,尤其对语言学习而言更是如此。外国孩子在学校里不太有机会长期学习汉语,所以仅仅靠每周约几次线上课就能取得多么好的效果,也是不太现实的。

语言学习需要环境和氛围。中国教育机构到国外开设线下网点或者中国学校开设海外分校时,采用线上+线下的模式,是可行之道。在中国本土开发课程、提供标准化的软件、培训师资、集体备课,外国校区则聘请汉语老师开展实际教学,这既解决了教研的问题,又在成本和质量之间找到一个平衡点。

“我”在海外教中文,遇到了世纪难题……

结语

最近听了很多汉语国际教育同仁的故事,笔者一直在思考,汉语国际教育到底应该怎样发展?其实,最重要的还是应该解决“学完汉语以后,能不能给国际学生带来真正的受益”这个出口端的问题。

目前有两类群体对汉语学习比较感兴趣,一类是儿童,像悟空汉语的四大类产品瞄准的用户:

  1. 启蒙中文:面向三四岁的孩子;
  2. 国际中文:对标国际IB体系,分为Level1-Level5;
  3. 进阶中文:采用国内部编本教材,适用于在国内学过一段时间的小学语文再出国的小朋友;
  4. 基础汉语:面向非华人用户,听说学习的占比较大。

对于这类用户,良好的教学质量、便捷的获得方式、传统文化的展示都能吸引到一群人,但因为不是刚需,所以是不是有大量的用户愿意长期学下去,比较难说。所以让这部分用户受益,主要是激发他们对汉语、传统文化和中国的兴趣,并能在语言上持续地进步。

另一类对汉语感兴趣的群体,则把学会汉语作为了解中国的途径,他们往往是带着目的来学习的。一般来说,年龄稍大一点,有的在上高中、上大学,有的已工作,尤其是从某些教育资源匮乏的、某些专业领域落后于我们的、对华友好的、利益相关比较大的国家的人,他们愿意学习汉语甚至来华留学、工作,是冲着能学到各种先进的专业知识和技能,未来可以在中国工作,也能把先进技术带回国去,以取得更好的事业发展而来的。

对于这类更加刚需的人群,汉语学习最好能结合职业教育,就像英语不是我们跟外国交流的内容而是工具一样,汉语也要成为外国人了解中国其他领域的工具。只要打通了留学和就业之路,外国学生学习汉语就有了用武之地,这样才能吸引到更多优质的外国人留华工作、投资,形成良性循环。

以前我们国际教育的主流是“引进来”,众多国际化学校的课程以A-Level/AP/IB为主,同时开设中国特色课程。但随着中国的崛起,“走出去”到海外举办以中国课程为主、外国特色课程为辅的国际学校,再把国外精英人才“带回来”到中国留学、就业、发展,会成为新方向也说不定。

汉语国际教育的全球化、可盈利的产业链构建还处在早期,需要我们不断积累资源,并相互交换协作,不断尝试探索可持续稳定盈利的运营模式。正所谓“罗马不是一天建成的”,这需要一代又一代对外汉语人和国际教育工作者的坚持和努力。

作者简介:

ABB:复旦大学汉语国际教育硕士,资深国际化教育从业人士和观察者;曾担任沪粤多家教育集团管理岗位,负责过商务运营、课程研发、游学留学等多方面的工作。