Tea maker, Nanbu No.D. Akiya. About 65 million years ago, with the Tertiary Period (65 million to 2.6 million years ago, during which angiosperms, insects, birds and mammals represented by tea evolved, marking the advent of the "modern biological era") The rise of the Himalayas, together with the Hengduan Mountains, blocked the cold current in the north, and the climate of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was more or less as comfortable as it is today, and the tea plant originated in this mysterious land.
Tea trees like to be warm and moist, and the agricultural proverb has clouds: the mountains produce good tea. The vertical distribution of general plants tends to grow and develop at low altitudes than at high altitudes, and as the altitude increases, they become more compact and short, and only alpine meadows are often left at the highest altitude. Tea trees are just the opposite, tall tree-type tea trees (with obvious trunks, taller plants, trunks refer to the parts from the ground to the place where the first branch forks) grow in high mountains above 1000 meters, at an altitude of 2500 meters, shrub-type tea trees (no obvious trunk, plants are shorter) have disappeared, but tall tree tea is still lush. In the deep mountains of Yunnan, these tall trees can grow on average to 13.5 meters high and have a dry diameter of 61.1 centimeters. In the low-altitude coastal area, the average height of tea plants is about 2 meters.
In ancient China, the ancestors had a detailed description of the tea tree, Lu Yu wrote in the "Tea Classic" "The Source of Tea": "Tea people, the southern Jiamuye." One foot, two feet or even dozens of feet. ... Its trees are like melon reeds, leaves are like gardenias, flowers are like white roses, solid like chestnuts, stems are like cloves, and roots are like walnuts. "Like most plants, tea plants are made up of organs such as stems, leaves, buds, flowers, fruits, seeds, and roots. With the development of science and technology, people's understanding of tea is becoming more and more comprehensive. Today we know and understand tea plants from the perspective of natural science.
Tea trees are divided into three types according to the size of the trunk, including arbor type, semi-arbor type and shrub type; for example, according to the size of the leaf shape, there are three types: large-leaf species, medium-leaf species and small-leaf species; if divided according to the degree of evolution, there are three types: primitive, semi-primitive and evolutionary. Tea plant is composed of six major organs: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. According to the morphological structure and physiological function, the roots, stems and leaves are the vegetative organs, and the flowers, fruits and seeds are the reproductive organs. According to production, it is divided into two parts, the underground part is the root system, and the aboveground part is the canopy, including stems, leaves, buds, flowers, fruits and other parts. Vegetative organs and reproductive organs promote and restrict each other, and jointly assume the role of tea plant growth and development.
bud
The stems, leaves and flowers of the tea tree are all developed from tea buds, which are the prototypes of new shoots and flowers during the phylogeny of the tea plant. The young buds of most varieties have tender yellow, oily and hairy leaves, and as the leaves age, the color changes from yellow to green, and the fur falls off.
1. Classification of tea buds
After the germination of tea buds, the young shoots of the leaves are called new shoots, according to the number of new shoots, they can be divided into one bud and one leaf tip, one bud and two leaves, etc. The tea leaves picked are the raw materials for making tea with one bud and one leaf or one bud and two leaves. The bud body of tea tree has certain differences in size, color and fur due to the relationship between variety and environment, especially in the characteristics of varieties, temperature and moisture. Generally, tea buds can be divided into many kinds according to different properties (as shown in the following figure).
Classification of tea buds
On the new shoots where the growth of the top buds has stopped, the two leaves near the top buds that resemble the paragenetic state are called "pairs of sandwich leaves", compared with the normal bud leaves, the clamp leaves are very easy to age, and the contents of substances such as water leachings, polyphenols, catechins, amino acids, caffeine, etc. are significantly lower than the normal new shoots, and the crude fiber content is high. Therefore, in production, the composition of the sandwich leaves and the normal bud leaves is often used as the main basis for judging the growth potential of tea plants and the old and tender raw materials of fresh leaves.
2. Tea buds and the quality of tea leaves
In terms of production, in addition to the adult leaves, the biochemical quality of the tea leaves made by the new shoots of other tea trees with different leaf positions is relatively good, but there are still differences in the biochemical quality between them, and there is a regular change trend (as shown in the following table). The phenolic ammonia ratio is usually used to measure the alcohol content of the tea taste (fresh alcohol, not astringent, refreshing), phenol ammonia is relatively small, the tea soup alcohol is better, the taste is fresh alcohol. Comprehensive analysis of biochemical quality indicators such as water extracts, amino acids, tea polyphenols, caffeine, phenol ammonia ratio and other biochemical quality indicators in tea leaves with different leaf positions can be seen that the biochemical quality of one bud and 2 leaves of new shoot tea leaves is the best when used as raw materials, followed by one bud 1 leaf and single bud, and the biochemical quality of the growing leaves is the worst.
From the perspective of the current tea market, single bud and one bud 1 leaf new shoot tea are favored for their good appearance and have become the main raw materials for making high-quality high-grade tea. Compared with the two, the tea water leaching at the leaf position of one bud and one leaf was significantly increased, and its quality as a tea raw material was better. Therefore, the production of high-quality high-grade tea made with one bud and 1 leaf tea new shoots as raw materials is doubled compared with that of single buds, and the quality is better, and the cost is also reduced.
In recent years, some tea lovers have overly pursued single-bud tea. On the whole, the single bud tea has a beautiful appearance, high polyphenols and caffeine content, and good comprehensive quality. However, from the perspective of biochemical components, its comprehensive nutritional value and tasting value are not as good as one bud and one leaf, one bud and two leaves. Therefore, tea friends can taste and appreciate the quality of single bud tea, but there is no need to blindly pursue single bud tea.
leaf
The leaves are the main organs of photosynthesis, transpiration and gas exchange in the tea plant, and are also the main objects of the use of the tea plant. The morphological characteristics of tea tree leaves are susceptible to various factors, but the morphological characteristics of leaves are relatively consistent in terms of the same variety (especially cloned varieties). Therefore, in production, leaf size, color, and leaf status are one of the important bases for identifying varieties and determining cultivation techniques.
1. How to identify tea tree leaves
People often find that some leaves look very similar to the leaves of tea trees, but they can't distinguish whether they are correct, so today I will teach you a simple way to judge whether they are tea tree leaves from the appearance.
2. Classification of tea tree species
The leaves of the tea plant are evergreen, and the tea plant has both old leaves and new leaves at the same time, and the newborn young leaves are the raw materials for making tea. In actual production, in order to distinguish the cultivated tea varieties, people divide the leaf size into large-leaf species, medium-leaf species and small-leaf species according to the leaf area of the stereotyped leaves (the second and third leaf positions above the base of the new shoot). The leaf area > 1250px2 is extraordinarily large leaflet, 700px2 to 1250px2 is large leaflet, 350px2 to 700px2 is called mid-leaf, and <350px2 is small leaflet.
3. Brief characteristics of different leaf species
Generally, the leaves of large leaf species are large and soft, the leathery layer of the leaf surface is also relatively thin, and the sponge tissue cells are smaller and there are more leaf species, therefore, there are more effective substances such as tea polyphenols and caffeine, and the tea made has a strong taste, more durable and durable, suitable for Pu'er tea, black tea and so on.
Leaflet species are small and brittle and hard, the leather layer of the leaf surface is thicker, the leaves are hard and brittle, the stress resistance is good, the fence tissue is more, the total amount of carotene and lutein is high, these terpene derivatives can be decomposed into aromatic substances such as β-ionone and tea spironone, and the leaflet species can produce highly fragrant tea leaves, such as Keemun black tea, which is known as the world's three most fragrant black teas.
stem
The role of the tea stem is mainly to support the growth of young shoots, leaves, and raw flowers and fruits for reproduction, and is the main channel for the transport of water, mineral elements and organic nutrients in the tea plant. The natural traits of tea plants are a relatively stable ecological type, due to the different branching sites, tea tree types can be divided into three types: tree type, small tree type and shrub type.
1. Small trees, 2. Arbor, 3. shrub
Arbor-type tea trees, tall trees, the main trunk is obvious, in yunnan and other places in the original forest growing wild large tea trees, are arbor type tea trees. These tea trees have thick trunks and high branches, and if they are allowed to grow naturally, they can generally reach several meters or even more than 10 meters tall. Whenever the tea picking season, ethnic minority girls often have to climb to the trees with ladders to pick tea. In ancient times, it was said that monkeys picking tea may be an ecological phenomenon that appeared in the arbor-type wild tea forest.
1. Upright, 2. Semi-draped, 3. Cloaked
In the process of northward propagation and evolution, due to the influence of low temperature and drier, the tree type gradually becomes shorter, and gradually evolves to form a shrub-type tea tree. Most of the tea trees widely distributed in the tea areas of the Yangtze River Basin in China are shrub-type tea trees. These tea trees are short in shape, have no obvious trunk, and have more branches, especially in the case of pruning and picking, and are easy to form a steamed crown. Many branches, dense germination, and resistance to picking are the characteristics of shrub-type tea plants. The tea plants cultivated in the hilly area of Jiangnan Tea District have formed a cluster of tea plantations, strips or carpets without branches due to the different cultivation and planting methods and pruning and picking methods.
Semi-arborvitae tea trees, also known as small tree tea trees, are intermediate tea trees between arbor type and shrub type. The tree type is generally not as tall as the tree type, but has a distinct trunk and has a low branch. This type of tea tree is often seen in tea areas around Guangdong and Fujian. Arbor-type and semi-arborvitae tea trees, in the case of controlling the growth of the main trunk through artificial pruning, can also dwarf the tree shape, increase the number of branches, and form a tree shape suitable for people to pick the height.
The stems of the leaves are called branches, while the young branches that are not lignified are called new shoots, and the different forms and colors of tea branches and branches according to the degree of lignification also change greatly, and experienced tea experts and tea masters will judge the growth year of tea branches according to these differences.
Generally speaking, as shown in the figure, the branches of different years will take on different shapes. After seeing the tea branch, you may wish to see how old this branch is.
flower
The flowers of the tea tree are hermaphroditic flowers, developed from flower buds, belonging to the powdered plants of hetero-flowers, and its flowers are insect-borne flowers. Flower buds are formed in mid-June of each year, october to November is the peak flowering period, the flowers are generally white, a few are pale yellow and pink. Corolla 5-9 pieces, developmental inconsistencies, arranged in two layers.
After the insemination of camellia flowers, the fruit does not ripen until around the time of the frost fall in the second year, so the flower buds differentiate into seeds and mature, and the time is about one year and three or four months. In an annual cycle, from May to November every year, people can see both the flowers and buds of the year and the fruits and seeds of the previous year on the same tea tree, which is the phenomenon of "bearing the child" of the tea plant, which is one of the important features of the tea tree.
The early and late flowering of tea plants varies according to the varieties and environmental conditions, small leaf species flower early, large leaf species flower late; cold air comes early in the year, flowering is also early; in addition, short daylight can also promote tea plants to flower early.
Some people may wonder at this time, why can you see tea trees blooming in early spring? In fact, there are also a small number of flower buds in early spring flowering, which is due to the late formation of some flower buds, in the case of low temperature in winter, flower buds are dormant, and when the temperature rises in the spring, they will resume reproductive activities and continue to flower, but this flower is not well developed and will soon fall off.
It is worth noting that although camellias and camellia flowers belong to the same camellia family, they are not the same species.
Camellia (scientific name: Camellia japonica), a plant of the camellia family, is an evergreen shrub and small tree. Ancient name sea pomegranate. There are other names such as jade tea flower and winter resistance, and it is divided into East China Camellia, Sichuan Camellia and Evening Camellia. Camellia is native to southwest China and is distributed in Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong and other southern provinces.
seed
There are two major types of tea seeds, one is camellia tree, camellia oleifera and other seeds, commonly known as camellia oleifera seeds, and the other is the seeds of tea tree knots, called tea seeds, and the two types of tea seeds have their own characteristics.
1. Introduction to tea seeds
Tea seeds are the seeds of tea plants, which crack when the fruit is ripe and the seeds fall off on their own. The seeds are generally tan or brownish in shape, mostly nearly spherical, but also hemispherical and kidney-shaped.
The formation of tea tree fruit from flower bud to seed maturity, it takes about a year and a half, generally around the middle of October seeds mature, at this time the tea tree flowers and fruits coexist, the skin is not ripe when it is green, mature to brown and reddish brown. The shape of tea fruits generally varies according to the number of seeds inside, generally one grain is spherical, two grains are kidney-shaped, three grains are triangular, four grains are square, and five grains are plum-shaped.
China is the hometown of tea, tea seed resources are extremely rich, in the past most of them let it rot on the ground, it is a pity, in fact, tea seeds are treasures, widely used, especially the seeds contain vegetable oil about 20%-35%.
Tea seeds and camellia oleifera seeds can be pressed for oil, and now it is common in the market to find camellia oleifera seed oil, but it can also be seen selling tea seed oil. Both tea seed oils are very healthy cooking oils, each with its own characteristics.
2. Tea seed oil
Tea seeds contain a large number of substances that can be used, the preparation of tea seed oil is a nutrient-rich edible oil, its VE content is rich, and rich in unsaturated fatty acids, of which linoleic acid content is the highest in the same kind of oils such as camellia oleifera seed oil, olive oil.
According to reports, tea seed oil has the functions of clearing heat and detoxification, moisturizing and laxative, lowering blood lipids, losing weight, regulating blood pressure, protecting the cardiovascular system, etc., which can not only beautify the face, but also anti-aging and anti-radiation. Its unique hypolipidemia, antioxidant and biofilm mobility determine that it is an ideal therapeutic health product for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and coronary heart disease.
3. Camellia oleifera seed oil
The seeds wrapped in camellia oleifera are camellia oleifera seeds, and the whole seeds contain 25% to 40% oil, and the oil content is mainly concentrated in the tea seeds.
4. Differences in physical and chemical indicators of two kinds of tea oil
The chemical composition of the two tea seeds is different, so the oil processed from it is also different in terms of physical and chemical indicators.
With the rapid development of the economy, the people's living standards have been greatly improved, people pay more and more attention to the nutrition and health of edible oil, tea seed oil and camellia oil not only contain nutrients needed by the human body, but also have certain health care effects, which will become a beautiful landscape on our table in the future.
root
The roots of the tea plant are the nutritional organs of the tea plant, and the quality of the fresh leaves of the tea leaves is closely related to the roots. Just as the so-called "deep roots and deep leaves", the management of the root system is also an important part of tea quality control in production. The appearance of tea root and the factors affected by its growth are also worth thinking about.
1. Composition of tea tree roots
The roots of the tea plant are the vegetative organs of the tea plant and form an important part of the tea plant as a whole. Tea tree roots are composed of primary roots, lateral roots, fine roots and root hairs, and are deep-rooted plants.
The main root and lateral roots of the tea plant have a long life, which plays the role of fixing the tea plant, and transports the water and mineral nutrients absorbed by the roots from the soil to the upper part of the ground; at the same time, it can also store the organic nutrients synthesized in the upper part of the ground for growth needs. The absorbing roots mainly absorb water and inorganic salts, have a short lifespan, and are constantly decaying and renewed, and a small number of undead absorbing roots can develop into lateral roots.
It is worth mentioning that after the root system of the tea plant is cut off, it has the ability to heal and re-root. In production, timely deep ploughing and soil modification cause a certain amount of old roots to break roots, which can promote the regeneration and growth of the root system.
2. Several major factors affecting the growth of tea plant roots
The distribution of tea roots and production dynamics are the main basis for formulating management measures such as fertilization, tillage and irrigation in tea plants. The distribution of tea root system in the soil varies greatly depending on the development period, tea plant varieties, environmental conditions and agronomic measures.
2.1 Tea plant development period
The distribution of tea root system has great differences in different tea plant development periods, the most obvious is that the morphological distribution of tea root system has a certain proportional relationship with the tea tree canopy. In general, the root width of juvenile tea trees is relative to the canopy, the root width of adult tea trees is larger than the canopy, and the root width of old tea trees is smaller than that of the canopy.
The adult life of the tea plant refers to the first flowering and fruiting to the first natural renewal. Adult tea plants are the most vigorous, with peak yields and quality, and are also the best period for economic cultivation. Generally speaking, the adulthood of artificially cultivated tea plants is 25-30 years, and the reproductive conditions are good, the time is longer; naturally growing tea plants (such as ancient tea trees in Yunnan), due to the influence of different reproductive conditions, the duration of adulthood varies greatly, from less than a few decades to more than hundreds of years.
In the actual management of tea gardens, after the tea plant enters the aging period, the use of tea root system after cutting, has the ability to heal and re-root, after artificial cutting off part of the old root, stimulate the growth of new roots, can make the tea plant rejuvenated, improve its economic life.
2. 2 Varieties
The main root of the large-leaf tea plant is obvious, and its distribution is deeper and broader than that of the small and medium-leaf tea plant, and the root system is better developed. There are many new substances in the tea plant are synthesized and transformed in the case of close cooperation between the canopy and the root system, and the formation of these substances not only promotes the growth and development of the tea plant, but also has a great impact on the quality of the tea leaves. In other words, the more developed the root system, the better the tea plant grows.
2.3 Annual growth pattern
The root system of tea plants can grow all year round, but the growth situation in the year is not the same, and the growth of new shoots in the upper part of the ground is staggered, and this phenomenon of "root-shoot" alternating growth is caused by the balance of carbohydrate demand for root and new shoot growth.
In the spring, as the temperature rises, the tea plant relies on nutrients accumulated in the previous year, and there is a peak of rooting from early March to early April every year. From mid-April to the end of May, the new shoots enter a vigorous growth, and the root growth is relatively slow. From the end of June to the beginning of July, the growth of new shoots in the upper parts of the ground weakened, the accumulation of root nutrients increased, and the growth of the root system increased.
From the beginning of August to the beginning of September, as the autumn shoots grow, the root growth weakens. From mid-October to the end of November, the aboveground part of the tea plant began to stop growing, and the accumulation of water in the underground part increased, and there was a peak period for root growth. From the end of December to the end of February of the following year, due to the severe cold weather, the growth of the upper part of the ground stopped growing, the growth of the underground part was also very weak, and the death renewal of the root system mainly occurred during this period, and the absorbing roots that undertook the main absorption task of the tea plant continued to die and renew, so that the tea plant could maintain a strong absorption capacity.
2.4 Soil
Soil conditions have an extremely important impact on the growth of tea plant roots. Under good soil conditions, tea seeds germinate soon, and their root system stretches down far more than the aboveground part within the soil, allowing it to enter the deeper soil layer. If planted on clay soils that lack organic matter, or under conditions of poor drainage and shallow soil layers, the root system development is poor.
Practice has proved that in the same land, the deeper the soil layer, the more developed the root system of the tea plant, the better the growth of the tea plant.
2.5 Microorganisms and mycorrhizae of the root surface
The fertility of the root system of the tea plant is often symbiotic with the mycorrhizal, that is, the root surface of the tea plant is attached to microorganisms and has mycorrhizal symbiosis. In the soil-tea ecosystem, soil microorganisms are the most active and decisively influential group, actively participating in the material and energy cycles of this ecosystem.
In different parts of the roots of tea trees of the same age, there are more surface microorganisms that absorb roots with strong vitality and more secretions, while there are relatively fewer on the lateral roots; the vitality and metabolic function of adult tea tree roots are the strongest, so the adult tea plant root surface also has the most fungi and bacteria.
Soil microbial diversity is affected by soil trophic status, texture, temperature and humidity, pH, etc. Among them, soil pH is an important factor affecting soil microbial diversity, tea garden acidic soil has a unique root environment, root soil microorganisms also have a unique type and community structure diversity, different altitude tea garden root soil microbial diversity index is large, especially in high altitude areas, low temperature, humid environment leads to soil accumulation of more soil organic matter, and the larger the organic matter content, the greater the soil microbial biomass.
Each part of the tea tree has its own unique value, which can be described as a treasure. The various organs of the tea tree are also an organic unified whole, which is closely related to each other, interdependent, and coordinated with each other, giving birth to this magical southern jiamu for us.
variety
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 600 varieties of tea plants cultivated in China. Among them, there are 76 fine varieties of tea plants that have been examined and approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee, most of which are newly selected varieties and a few are farmhouse varieties. The national fine seeds are briefly described as follows.
(1) Keemun species
Qimen species, also known as Qimen maple leaf species, originated in Qimen County, Anhui Province, and are now cultivated in all tea areas. The black tea made, with tight cords, dark color, timeless aftertaste, and fruity aroma, is the dominant variety of "Qi Hong". The green tea produced has a fresh and mellow taste and a high aroma. It is suitable for planting in the red and green tea areas in the north and south of the Yangtze River.
(2) Huangshan species
Huangshan species, native to Huangshan City, Anhui Province, is now planted in a large area in Shandong Province. Suitable for green tea, the production of Huangshan Maofeng, pekoe revealed, emerald green color, fresh aroma. It has strong cold resistance and is suitable for cultivation in Jiangbei tea area.
(3) Anhui No. 1
Anhui No. 1 has been introduced in Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Henan and other provinces. Made into black tea, fragrant and flavorful. Made into green tea, the taste is mellow and the aroma is clear. It is suitable for the promotion of red and green tea concurrently produced in the north and south of the Yangtze River.
(4) Anhui No. 3
(5) Anhui No. 7
(6) Anhui Farmers 95
Anhui Nong 95, an asexual breeding line, belongs to the shrub, middle leaf, early species. There are introduced species in Hunan, Zhejiang and other provinces. Suitable for making black tea or green tea, the quality is excellent. It is suitable for promoting the introduction of seeds in the red and green tea concurrent production areas in Jiangnan.
(7) Poplar Grove 783
Poplar 783, an asexual breeding line, is a shrub, large-leaved, mesozoic species. There are introduced species in Fujian, Sichuan and other provinces.
(8) Fuding large white tea
Fuding Great White Tea, also known as Fuding Pekoe, originates from Bailiu Township, Fuding County, Fujian Province. It has been introduced in Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces. It is an asexual breeding line, a small tree, middle-leaved, and an early breed. Made green tea, excellent quality, chestnut aroma. If it is made into Maofeng class tea, the quality is better; the quality of black tea is also good, there is a sweet fragrance; it can also be made of white tea. It is suitable for promoting cultivation in green tea or white tea production areas south of the Yangtze River.
(9) Fuding Da Mao Tea
Fuding Da mao tea, native to Wang Jia Yang Village, Fuding County, Fujian Province. In addition to the promotion of this variety in Fujian, it has been introduced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Hubei and other provinces. It is an asexual breeding line, a small tree, large leaf, and an early breed. The black, green and white teas produced are of excellent quality. It is suitable for promoting cultivation in the production areas of black, green or white tea south of the Yangtze River.
(10) Fu'an large white tea
Fu'an Dabai Tea, also known as Gaoling Dabai Tea, is native to Gaoling Village, Muyang Township, Fu'an County, Fujian Province. It is mainly distributed in the mindong tea producing areas of Fujian. Nowadays, it is planted in Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi and other provinces and regions.
(11) Zhenghe Great White Tea
Zhenghe Da White Tea, referred to as Zhengda for short, is native to Tieshan Township, Zhenghe County, Fujian Province. It is an asexual breeding line, a small tree, large-leaved, late-growing species. It is more planted in northern Fujian. Nowadays, there are also introduced species in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangdong and other provinces.
(12) Hairy crab
Hairy crab, also known as tea flower, is native to Fumei Village, Huqiu Township, Anxi County, Fujian Province. It is mainly distributed in Fujian Province, and has also been introduced in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang and other provinces.
(13) Mei Zhan
Mei Zhan, also known as Daye Mei Zhan, is native to Sanyang Village, Lutian Township, Anxi County, Fujian Province, mainly distributed in Fujian tea producing areas, and has also been introduced in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces and regions. It is an asexual breeding line, a small tree, middle-leaved, mesozoic species. Suitable for making black tea, green tea, and can also make oolong tea. It is suitable for promoting planting in tea-producing areas south of the Yangtze River.
(14) Tieguanyin
Tieguanyin, also known as Red Heart Guanyin, Red Guanyin, originated from Songyan Village, Yaoyang Township, Anxi County, Fujian Province, mainly distributed in Fujian tea-producing areas, guangdong Province, Oolong tea production areas also have introduced species. It is an asexual breeding line, a shrub, middle-leaved, late-growing species. Suitable for oolong tea, excellent quality, mellow and sweet taste, sweet and long, high aroma, with "Guanyin charm".
(15) Huang Tang
Huang Tang, also known as Golden Gui, is native to Luoyan Village, Huqiu Township, Anxi County, Fujian Province, and is mainly distributed in the Oolong Tea Producing Tea Area of Fujian Province. Nowadays, there are also introduced species in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces. It is a small tree, middle leaf, early growing species. Suitable for oolong tea, the aroma is particularly high, the taste is sweet, and it is known as "transparent fragrance". In addition, it can also be made into green tea or black tea. It is suitable for promoting planting in the oolong tea producing area south of the Yangtze River.
(16) Fujian Narcissus
Fujian Daffodil, also known as Shui ji daffodil, Wuyi daffodil. It is native to Dahu Village, Xiaohu Township, Jianyang County, Fujian Province. It is cultivated in the Fujian tea region. In addition, it is also cultivated in Raoping in Guangdong, Hsinchu in Taiwan, Taipei, and Longquan in Zhejiang.
(17) Benshan
Benshan, divided into long-leaf Benshan and round-leaf Benshan, is native to Xiping and Yaoyang in Anxi County, Fujian Province, and is mainly distributed in the central and southern Oolong tea producing areas of Fujian Province. It is an asexual breeding line, a shrub, middle-leaved, late-growing species. Suitable for making oolong tea.
(18) Large leaf oolong
Big leaf oolong, also known as big foot wu, big leaf wu, native to Anxi County Changkeng and Lantian area of Fujian Province, are cultivated in Fujian tea areas, Guangdong, Jiangxi and other provinces are also introduced.
(19) Fuyun No. 6
Fuyun No. 6, asexual breeding line, is a small tree, large-leaved, extra-early species. There is a large area of planting in Fujian tea-producing areas, and there are also more plantings in Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Jiangxi and other provinces and regions. Suitable for making black tea and green tea: the black tea made, the cord is thin, the color is moist, and the soup color is red and bright. The green tea made, with peak seedlings, crystalline soup color, high aroma and strong flavor, is a good raw material for making Maofeng famous tea. It is suitable for promoting planting in the black tea and green tea producing areas south of the Yangtze River.
(20) Fuyun No. 7
(21) Fuyun No. 10
(22) Eight Immortals Tea
Eight Immortals Tea, native to Eight Immortals Village, Xitan Township, Zhao'an County, Fujian Province. It is an asexual breeding line, a small tree, large leaf, and an early breed. It is widely planted in the tea area of Fujian Province. Suitable for oolong tea, the aroma is sharp, the taste is rich, and the quality is superior.
(23) Phoenix Narcissus
Phoenix Daffodil, also known as Raoping Daffodil and Guangdong Daffodil, is native to Phoenix Mountain, Chao'an County, Guangdong Province. Today, there are also introduced species in Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces. It is a sexual breeding line, a small tree, large-leaved, and an early breed.
(24) Lechang white hair tea
Lechang Baimao tea, native to Lechang County, Guangdong Province, is currently grown in many tea-producing counties in Guangdong. It is suitable for promoting planting in the black tea and green tea producing areas south of the Yangtze River.
(25) Yinghong No. 1
Yinghong No. 1, is an asexual breeding line, a tree, large-leaved, early breed. In addition to the cultivation of tea-producing areas in Guangdong, there are also introduced species in Fujian, Hunan and other provinces. Suitable for making red crushed tea, the color is brownish red, the aroma is sharp, the taste is strong, and the soup color is bright red. However, the cold resistance is not strong, and it is suitable for promoting planting in the black tea producing areas in South China.
(26) Lingyun white hair tea
Lingyun Baimao Tea, also known as Lingle Baimao Tea, is native to Lingyun, Leye, Tianlin, Baise and other counties and cities in Guangxi Province. It is widely distributed in Guangxi and has also been introduced in eastern Yunnan.
(27) Guihong No. 3
Guihong No. 3, an asexual breeding line, is a small tree, large leaf, late breed. In addition to Guangxi, there are also introduced species in Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces. Suitable for red crushed tea, strong taste, has a special aroma. It is suitable for promoting planting in the black tea producing areas of South China.
(28) Guihong No. 4
(29) Meitan moss tea
Meitan moss tea, also known as moss tea, is native to Meitan County, Guizhou Province. In addition to planting in Guizhou, tea producing areas in Sichuan, Chongqing, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Shaanxi and other provinces and cities have also introduced seeds. It is a sexual breeding line, a shrub, middle-leaved, mesozoic. Suitable for green tea, the taste is mellow. It is suitable for promoting planting in Guizhou and Jiangnan tea areas.
(30) Qianmei 419
Qianmei 419, also known as anti-spring delay, is mainly planted in the tea-producing areas of Guizhou.
(31) Qianmei 502
(32) Qianmei 601
(33) Qianmei 701
(34) Hainan macrophylla species
Hainan large-leaf species, native to the Wuzhishan area of Hainan Province. It is mainly distributed in the Hainan tea area. It is a sexual breeding line, a tree, large-leaved, and an early breed. Suitable for the preparation of red crushed tea, the taste is strong, but it is not obvious. It is suitable for promoting cultivation in Hainan black tea producing areas.
(35) Xinyang No. 10
Xinyang No. 10, is an asexual breeding line, a shrub, middle leaf, mesozoic species. In addition to the cultivation of tea areas in Henan, there are also small amounts of cultivation in Hunan, Hubei and other provinces. Suitable green tea, especially suitable for the production of maojian class name green tea, strong cold resistance, suitable for the north of the Yangtze River, as well as high-altitude green tea production areas to promote planting.
(36) Yichang large-leaf tea
Yichang large-leaf tea, originated from both sides of the Changjiang Ling Gorge in Yichang, Hubei Province, is the main cultivated variety in the western tea area of Hubei Province.
(37) Yuntai Mountain species
Yuntai Mountain species, also known as Yuntai Mountain large leaf species, Anhua species. Originating from Anhua County, Hunan Province, it has been introduced to more than 10 tea-producing provinces and districts across the country. It is a sexual breeding line, a shrub, middle-leaved, mesozoic. Suitable for kung fu black tea and green tea. It has strong cold resistance and is suitable for promoting planting in the red and green tea producing areas in the north and south of the Yangtze River.
(38) Quetzalcoatl
It is an asexual breeding line, a shrub, a mesophytic species. In addition to the cultivation of tea areas in Hunan, anhui, Hubei and other provinces have also introduced species.
(39) Quetzalcoatl No. 12
(40) High bud qi
Gao Ya Qi, also known as Maple Leaf Qi 9, in addition to planting in Hunan tea areas, tea producing areas in Henan, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces have also been introduced.
(41) Sharp Wave Yellow 13
Sharp Wave Yellow 13, is a clone of the genus Shrub, mesophytic, mesozoic species. In addition to the cultivation of tea in Hunan tea areas, tea producing areas in Hubei, Henan, Anhui and other provinces have also introduced species.
(42) Yixing species
Yixing species, native to Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, is mainly distributed in the tea-producing areas of southern Jiangsu. It is a sexual breeding line, a shrub, leaflet, mesozoic species. Suitable for green tea, the quality is better. Strong cold resistance, wide adaptability, can be promoted in the Jiangbei tea area and Jiangnan tea area of green tea production area.
(43) Xicha No. 5
Xicha No. 5, an asexual breeding line, is a shrub, large-leaved, mesozoic species. In addition to the cultivation in the tea area of southern Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan and other provinces have been cultivated in small quantities. The green tea made, with mellow taste and fresh aroma, is the dominant variety of the famous green tea "Wuxi Milli Tea". It is suitable for promoting planting in the green tea production area of Jiangnan Tea District.
(44) Xicha No. 11
(45) Ningzhou species
Ningzhou species, native to Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province, is mainly distributed in the tea area of Jiangxi.
(46) Large white face
Large white face, native to the flood pit in Shanghu Township, Shangrao County, Jiangxi Province. In addition to the cultivation of tea in Jiangxi tea areas, it is also cultivated in tea-producing areas in Anhui, Hunan, Zhejiang and other provinces.
(47) Upper Meizhou species
Shangmeizhou species, native to Meizhou Village, Meilin Township, Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province. In addition to the cultivation in the Tea Region of Jiangxi, there are also introduced species in Hunan, Zhejiang and other provinces.
(48) Ningzhou No. 2
Ningzhou No. 2, an asexual breeding line, belongs to the shrub, middle leaf, mesozoic species. It is mainly distributed in the tea producing areas of Jiangxi.
(49) Ziyang species
Ziyang species, native to Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province, is mainly distributed in the tea region of southern Shaanxi. It is a sexual breeding line, a shrub, middle-leaved, mesozoic. Suitable for green tea, excellent quality. It is also a high-quality raw material for the famous green tea "Ziyang Maojian" and "Qinba Wuhao". It is suitable for promoting planting in the green tea producing area of Jiangbei Tea District.
(50) Early white tip
Early White Tip, also known as Early White Tip, is native to Yunlian County, Sichuan Province, mainly distributed in the Sichuan tea region, and now Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan and other provinces are also introduced.
(51) Shuyong No. 1
Shuyong No. 1, an asexual breeding line, is a small tree, middle leaf, mesozoic species. It is mainly distributed in the Sichuan tea region, and there are also a small number of introduced species in Guangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and other provinces and regions. The red crushed tea made has a long-lasting aroma, sweet and fresh taste, red soup color, and high quality. It is suitable for promoting cultivation in the black tea producing areas in the southwest region.
(52) Shuyong No. 2
(53) Shuyong No. 3
(54) Shuyong 307
(55) Shuyong 401
(56) Shuyong 703
(57) Shuyong 808
(58) Shuyong 906
(59) Mengku large-leaf tea
Mengku large-leaf tea, native to Mengku Township, Shuangjiang County, Yunnan Province. It is mainly distributed in the tea areas of southern Yunnan and western Yunnan. Nowadays, in The tea-producing areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces and regions, there are also large-scale introductions. It is a sexual breeding line, a tree, large-leaved, and an early breed.
(60) Fengqing large-leaf tea
Fengqing big leaf tea, native to Fengqing County, Yunnan Province, Dasi, Fengshan and other townships. Mainly distributed in the tea area of western Yunnan, guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Fujian and other provinces and regions have been introduced in a large area.
(61) Menghai large-leaf tea
Menghai large-leaf tea, native to Yunnan Province, Menghai County, Gelanghe Township, NannuoShan. It is mainly distributed in the tea area of southern Yunnan, and now there are also introduced seeds in the tea-producing areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces and regions. It is a sexual breeding line, a tree, large-leaved, and an early breed.
(62) Cloud resistance 10
Cloud Resistance 10, is an asexual breeding line, a tree, large-leaved, early species. It has been promoted in the tea area of Yunnan. The red crushed tea produced has a long-lasting aroma, orchid aroma, and strong taste. The finished Dian green tea is revealed and has a strong taste. Cold resistance is weak, it is suitable for promoting planting in the red and green tea producing areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces and regions, and pay attention to antifreeze.
(63) Cloud resistance 14
(64) Dove pit species
Jiukeng species, originated from Jiukeng Township, Chun'an County, Zhejiang Province, is mainly distributed in the tea area of western Zhejiang, and now in addition to Zhejiang, it has been introduced in Hunan, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Anhui, Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei and other provinces. It is a sexual breeding line, a shrub, middle-leaved, mesozoic.
(65) Longjing 43
Longjing 43, an asexual breeding line, is a shrub, middle leaf, extra-early species. It has been planted in 14 tea-producing provinces and regions such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei. Suitable for green tea, made of "West Lake Longjing", the shape is flat and straight, the color is tender and green, the fragrance is long-lasting, the taste is fresh, and the soup color is clear green. It is suitable for promoting planting in the green tea producing areas of Jiangbei Tea District and Jiangnan Tea District.
(66) Longjing longye
Longjing long-leaved, asexual breeding line, genus shrub, middle leaf, early species. In addition to Zhejiang, it has been planted in Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu and other tea-producing areas. Suitable for green tea, high flavor and alcohol, excellent quality, is also the best raw material for making "West Lake Longjing". It is suitable for promoting planting in the green tea producing areas of Jiangbei Tea District and Jiangnan Tea District.
(67) Cold green
Cold green, asexual breeding line, is a shrub, middle-leaved, early breeding, is from the Georgian No. 8 offspring, through systematic breeding. Suitable for green tea, excellent quality. It is suitable for promoting planting in the green tea production area of Jiangnan Tea District. Jiangbei tea area planting, pay attention to the seedling period antifreeze.
(68) Chrysanthemum spring
Chrysanthemum spring, asexual breeding line, genus shrub, middle leaf, early species. It is systematically selected and bred from the natural hybrid offspring of Yunnan macrophylla species and Pingyang group varieties. It has been planted in Tea Producing Areas in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other provinces. Suitable for making black tea and green tea, the quality is superior. It is suitable for promoting planting in the black tea and green tea production areas of Jiangnan Tea District.
(69) Biyun
Biyun, an asexual breeding line, is a small tree, middle-leaved, mesozoic species. It is formed by the natural hybrid offspring of the Pingyang group species and the Yunnan macrophyllum species, which are systematically selected and bred. It has been planted in Zhejiang, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and other provinces. Suitable green tea, especially suitable for Maofeng green tea, has the characteristics of tight cords, emerald green color, high aroma and fresh taste. It is suitable for promoting planting in the green tea producing areas of Jiangnan Tea District and Jiangbei Tea District.
(70) Frost
Frost, an asexual breeding line, is a small tree, middle-leaved, early species. It is composed of natural hybrid offspring of Fuding large white tea and Yunnan large leaf species, which has been systematically selected and bred, and has been planted in tea-producing areas of nearly 10 provinces and regions such as Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and Henan. Suitable for black tea, green tea, appearance, endoplasm, are excellent. It is suitable for promoting planting in the black tea and green tea production areas of Jiangnan Tea District.
(71) Jinfeng
Jinfeng, an asexual breeding line, is a small tree, middle leaf, early breed. It has been planted in nearly 10 provinces and regions such as Zhejiang, Guangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei and Shaanxi. The fried green tea made, the cord is fat and tight, the green is moist, the fragrance is high and long-lasting, the taste is fresh and strong, and it is a high-quality raw material for making Maofeng green tea. Made into Gongfu black tea, the shape is tight and fine, dark and moist, fragrant and sweet. Made into red crushed tea, the quality is also excellent. It is suitable for promoting planting in the black tea and green tea production areas of Jiangnan Tea District.
(72) Cuifeng
Cuifeng, an asexual breeding line, is a small tree, mesozoic, middle-leaved. It is a natural hybrid offspring of Fuding Great White Tea and Yunnan Large Leaf Species, and is selected and bred by a single plant. It has been promoted in tea-producing areas in Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Henan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other provinces and regions. The green tea made, the cord is fine and tight, the color is green, the pekoe is exposed, the fragrance is high and the taste is refreshing, and it is the superior raw material for making the famous green tea Maofeng. It is suitable for promoting planting in the green tea area of Jiangnan Tea District.
(73) Qingfeng
Qingfeng, an asexual breeding line, is a small tree, middle-leaved, mesozoic species. It is planted in the tea area of Zhejiang. The green tea made is of excellent quality. It is suitable for promoting planting in the green tea producing areas south of the Yangtze River.
(74) Zhejiang Farmer 12
Zhejiang Nong 12, an asexual breeding line, is a small tree, middle leaf, mesozoic species. It has been introduced in tea-producing areas in Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and other provinces and regions. The red crushed tea made has a high aroma and strong flavor, the bottom of the leaves is red and bright, and the quality is superior. The green tea made, with a green and verdant appearance, high and lasting aroma, and a strong taste, is a high-quality raw material for making famous green tea MaoFeng. It is suitable for promoting planting in the black tea and green tea production areas of Jiangnan Tea District.
(75) Zhejiang Nong 113
Zhejiang Nong 113, an asexual breeding line, is a small tree, middle-leaved, mesozoic species. It has been promoted in Zhejiang Tea District. Suitable for green tea, slender cords, white and bright, green color, long-lasting fragrance, strong taste, excellent quality, but also the best raw materials for making hair tip class famous green tea. It is suitable for promoting planting in the green tea producing areas in the north and south of the Yangtze River.
(76) Pekoe early
Pekoe early, asexual breeding line, genus shrub, middle leaf, early species. In addition to Hainan, it has been introduced and promoted in Hubei, Anhui, Henan and other provinces. Suitable for green tea, especially suitable for high-grade green tea with hair tip. Strong cold resistance. It can be promoted in the south and north of the Yangtze River green tea production area.
"Shaanxi Tea No. 1" is a new variety of asexual tea trees with independent intellectual property rights that Has been selected and bred by Wang Yancheng, a senior agronomist of Ankang, for 22 years. This is the first new clone of tea tree in Shaanxi, and the only new plant variety in Ankang since the founding of the People's Republic of China. "Shaanxi Tea No. 1" has the characteristics of dark green leaf color, leaf surface uplift, strong gloss and early germination, fat bud leaves, and long internodes, showing obvious advantages such as strong tenderness, good growth potential, strong cold resistance, high yield and high quality, and wide adaptability. "Shaanxi tea No. 1" is a single plant selection, high purity, low reproductive algebra, and uniform morphological characteristics, which is conducive to the shaping of the fine appearance of Shaanxi tea. This variety has been planted in 14 counties and districts in the province, radiating Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang and Shandong for trial planting.