Author: Tong Shengzhu, distinguished expert of Agricultural Science and Technology News
When the pepper tree is managed, it is generally necessary to set its shape, which is what we often call the tree type. What is the tree type, that is, what is the name of each branch on the tree, and how is it arranged? What does it do?
Before managing a pepper tree, we must first know the names of the branches on the tree and the main role they play.
The main trunk, also called the body of the tree, connects the root and the main branch (canopy) between the pole, which plays the role of carrying up and down. How did this section come about? This is after planting seedlings, in order to promote the release of multiple main branches, the seedlings are shortened, and one or more branches are generally emitted under the shear, laying a good foundation for the expansion of the crown.
The weight of the lower shear determines the strength of the growth of the branches under the shear, that is to say, the height of the main trunk, the thickness of the seedlings, the strength of the growth of the buds under the shear, but also affects the branching angle of the main branch, the higher the trunk, the larger the branching angle, and vice versa, the smaller (and the variety of pepper trees also has a certain relationship), but relatively speaking.
Trees with trunks are easy to manage, whitened in winter, budded in summer, etc., which is convenient for farming, but the disadvantage is that once this section is not well controlled by pests and diseases, it will lead to the death of the whole plant. Therefore, when spraying, the trunk must be carefully beaten to prevent problems.
The main branch is the main skeleton of the canopy, the thickness is second only to the trunk, he is mainly to expand the outer space, and the row spacing we leave behind is occupied by the outward expansion of the main branch. A man like a family, the head of the family. Therefore, in general, when managing pepper trees, we mostly adopt a promotion management method for the main branch, that is, re-cutting, mid-cutting or elevating the angle.
But in practice, many of us have done wrong, counterproductively, the main branch was thrown or lightly sheared, and the angle was lowered (pulling the branch), so that the main branch was weakened, could not be expanded outwards, the side branch was strong, the noise was dominant, and had to change its head. Dear pepper farmers, is your method used correctly?
The side branch is a large branch that grows on the main branch, and the thickness must be weaker than the main branch, which belongs to the left arm and right arm of the main branch, and the subordinate relationship. His main task is to occupy the space between the two main branches, generally extending on a single axis, with fruiting branches (groups) on the top, and conforming to the direction of the main branches, like the wife of the family, the husband and the godson, gentle and virtuous. Generally using the "misplaced pulling method", the rope is pulled on the side branch, and the main branch angle is reduced by the side belt. In this way, the main branch is up, the side branches are gentle, the ventilation is good, and the result is a large area, a degree of relaxation, and a clear distinction between the primary and secondary.
Therefore, in the process of pruning, more measures such as inhibition management, light cutting, swinging, heavy pulling, and light heart removal are taken. However, in our usual management, many people use improper methods, pull the main branch and raise the angle of the side branches, coupled with its re-pruning or shortening, resulting in more vigorous growth, the formation of trees on the tree, and it is difficult to form management, mainly invisible in the heart, the use of methods is wrong.
The fruit branch, he is the direct generator of economic benefits, the number of tree fruit and good or bad, mainly depends on the strength and number of fruit branches. Some people call this kind of branch also the fruiting mother branch, which is actually the fruiting branch, which is called the fruiting branch. The branches that bear fruit for one year are called fruiting branches, and the branches that form group fruits for two years or more are called fruiting branches. It mainly grows on the side branches and the empty pole part of the main branch, or the auxiliary main branch, the auxiliary side branch, to promote the fruit area of the young tree and increase the yield. On each branch, most of them are obliquely born, maintaining the trend of moderation, too low is easy to weaken, insufficient light, flower-type evacuation, inconvenient to pick, too upright is easy to form a vice slight, the formation of trees on the tree, the growth is difficult to control, so take oblique life in moderation.
Young trees are mainly cultivated fruit branches, and the fruit branches are left in the first five years, controlling the tree momentum, slowing down the growth momentum, and converting vegetative growth to reproductive growth. After six years, the overly dense branches are combed out and space is used rationally. Too dense affects the light, diseases and insect pests are difficult to control, easy to fall fruit. The elderly branch group is renewed and rejuvenated, and more promotion methods are used - retraction, elevation angle, extremely heavy shearing, etc.
The sub-branches of the fruit are the branches that grow above the fruit site. This is generally the branch formed by the back, apex fruiting branch or oblique fruiting branch in the hall of young trees, which is full of nutrients. Young trees do not erase the fruit branches in the hall in time, and in the autumn, it is easy to form closed back branches in the church, which is easy to affect the upward transport of nutrients, resulting in weak front and strong back, affecting the extension of the crown. Using this property of the tree body, we can remove tidbits or peppercorns, and use the pair to extend the gap or expand the crown. Generally growing fruit branches and sub-branches of the tree, indicating that the nutrients are abundant, so when erasing the back of the fruit branches and sub-buds, we must leave a part of the nutrient branches can not be picked at the same time, and these branches are used as nutrient release points, which is as we often say: close a door, you must open a window, there must be light to ventilate.
The branches grow slightly in the spring with the tidbits, and also grow in May and June, depending on the climate rain and the nutrient reserves of the tree itself. It can be used to form side branches or main branches, expand outwards, form early, and produce early.
Most of these branches belong to the main head competition branches, pruned branches, fruit branches and branches that are slightly not treated in time to form nutritious branches, mostly belong to only eating and not working, so we should erase them in time during the growth period management and eliminate them in the bud. For example, in the spring, the base buds are wiped out, the buds under the head are extended, and the shear buds are wiped out in early and mid-April, or the buds that are formed by local stimulation leading to the formation of closed buds (hidden buds) are easy to form long branches, so it is necessary to deal with them as soon as possible. A handful of buds in the spring, a bundle of firewood in the winter. This also shows the importance of growth period management.
Secondary branches, also known as temporary branches. Generally, a few more branches are left on young trees as temporary branches to restrain the growth of the tree body and increase the fruit area. It's like a daughter in the family, who will have to move away at a certain time. This provides a good support for a good yield. However, in the usual work must be clear, many people in the process of work, finally reluctant to remove, and blindly comb out the lower fruit branches, artificial fruit branches moved out, the main branch under more than a meter is artificially bare, so that the fruit skin is thin and small, affecting the yield and quality.
The secondary branches mostly take permanent branches that are weaker than the same level, and more inhibitory methods are adopted for him, often throwing, or light shearing and heavy pulling, to promote the aging of the results.
Our commonly used tree types are:
1. Natural happy type;
2. Multi-main branch-like;
3. "Y" or inverted "person" font.
(In the next issue, we'll cover the layout of these branches in the tree type.) ）