The explanatory content of the explanatory text has been clarified earlier, and the objects and characteristics of its explanatory text have been grasped, so today we will talk about the structure and order of the explanatory text.
First, the structure of the explanatory text
The structure of the explanatory text is relatively simple, and in general, it is enough to clarify the structural form of the explanatory text. The explanatory text has four structural forms: total score, parallel, progressive, and undertaker. The basis for the division is: according to the chronological and spatial order, the structure is divided in the corresponding order; in the logical order, the structure is generally "total one point and one total". The middle school stage mainly involves the following common order of instructions:
1. Total score formula (commonly used structural form of thing descriptions) such as:
(1) A total of one point, such as "Suzhou Garden".
(2) Total one point and one total, such as "China Stone Arch Bridge".
(3) Divide into one total, such as "What is an ecosystem".
2, parallel: the relationship between the layers is juxtaposed, equal.
For example:
In Fabre's "Cicadas" article, the first part, "The Crypt of the Cicada", introduces the growth process of cicadas from larvae to adults; the second part, "Eggs of Cicadas", introduces the growth process of cicadas from egg laying to larvae. From these two aspects, the life of the cicada is told side by side and in its entirety.
3. Progressive: (The commonly used structural form of the explanatory text)
The relationship between the layers is further explained from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence, and later on the basis of the front. The relationship between the layers is progressive, and the main forms of the progressive structure are:
Phenomena - essence, characteristics - uses, causes - effects, whole - part, primary - secondary, general - concrete.
"The Language of Nature", the cognitive process from phenological phenomena to phenological laws is a typical layered progressive structure from phenomenon to essence.
4. Undertaking type: Each layer arranges the level according to the relationship between the development process, time, cause and effect, conditions and other relationships of the development of things, and undertakes each other before and after. Mostly used for chronological instructions.
Question Format:
Analyze the structure of the explanations in this article and divide the hierarchies.
Answer Template:
Structure: The beginning leads out..., the middle details the explanation..., the end summarizes.... (Analyze the structure of the article, grasp the central sentence and connecting words, such as "first", "second", "also", "also", "in addition" and other words.) ）
2. The order of the explanatory text
The explanatory text must have a clear and reasonable order, which is the order of the explanatory text, which is a necessary condition for the organization of the explanatory content. There are generally three kinds of instructional order, namely chronological order, spatial order (program order is a kind of chronological order) and logical order. The order in which the descriptions are used depends mainly on the characteristics of the objects described by the author.
The chronological order is similar to the chronological order of the narrative, and the chronological order is easy to express clearly through some chronological words.
Spatial order, explaining the shape and structure of things, mostly used to illustrate the structure of buildings, pay special attention to clarifying the location of the space, pay attention to the appearance of things, size, up and down, before and after, left and right, southeast, northwest and so on the position and direction. Pay attention to the use of azimuth.
Logical order, more to explain the internal relationship between things, to explain the reason, often in the reasoning process to express. The specific classifications are: primary time, cause and effect, phenomenon one essence, characteristic one part, total one point. Pay attention to the use of associative words.
1. What kind of instruction sequence is used in this article?
2. Can I swap positions between paragraphs (word to word)? Why?
How to answer the questions:
Question 1: "Instructional Order of Use"
Answer format: This article uses... The order of the instructions, on ... To explain, first of all... secondly...... At last...... (It needs to be replaced according to the order of the instructions used in detail), so that the instructions are more organized and easy for the reader to understand.
The article "Suzhou Garden" first explains the Suzhou garden everywhere from the whole, and then introduces how to enter the painting everywhere from each part; first summarize the "four exquisite", and then specifically introduce the "four exquisite"; first say that the "four exquisite" is the main, and then say that the flower wall, the gallery and other secondary. Therefore, this article uses the logical order from the whole to the part, from the general to the concrete, from the main to the secondary, and explains the characteristics of "pictorial beauty" in Suzhou gardens in a very methodical manner.
Exam Question 2: "Deletion and Exchange of Sentences"
Answer format:
(1) Can not be exchanged (2) the original text is adopted by ... arrive...... The order of introducing things conforms to the law of development of things and the law of people's understanding, and it is illogical after swapping. (3) There is a certain correspondence with the structural layout of the whole text (such as the order of the total score in the total score relationship and the general theory of the previous text).
The specific content is as follows:
(1) Chronological order: that is, the order of time as the order of explanation, generally from ancient times to the present, from the past to the present and so on. It is mainly used to illustrate the development, evolution or production process of things, scientific observation records, such as articles about work procedures.
For example, "Cicadas" condenses the spirit of cicadas in chronological order from the growth process of "larvae - adults - laying eggs - larvae" into the simple phrase "four years of hard work in the dark, pleasure in the sunshine of a month".
(2) Spatial order: that is, according to the spatial existence form of things, or from the outside to the inside, or from top to bottom, or from front to back, sequentially explained. It is generally used to describe relatively static things, such as gardens, buildings, crafts, etc.
For example, in the article "Dream Back to Prosperity", the introduction of "Qingming Upper River Map" is explained from the direction of "the opening of the picture - the middle of the picture - the back paragraph" in the spatial order.
(3) Logical order: that is, arrange the order of explanation according to the internal relationship of things or the process of people's understanding of things. The logical order usually includes layer by layer, phenomenon to essence, cause to effect, effect to cause, main to secondary, total to point, shallow into deep, individual to general, etc., commonly used table cause and effect, table the order of the word, such as "because, so", "first, second" and so on.
"Chinese Stone Arch Bridge" from the introduction of general arch bridges to the specific introduction of Chinese stone arch bridges, in line with the logical order of "general to individual".
Of course, when encountering specific questions, we must answer specifically, pattern routines are the method, and basing ourselves on the text is the most important. "Learning and using" is the ability goal we want students to achieve.