The eight methods of fish farming are "water, species, bait, dense, mixed, wheel, defense, and pipe", and water is the foundation, of which the biggest impact on water is the sediment. This is because all kinds of sediment, dead branches and leaves, aquatic weeds, fish and shrimp manure, dead fish and shrimp, medicines, feed, fertilizers, etc. that enter the water may sink into the mud. A small amount of material deposition can play a role in fertilizer water, and when a large amount of sediment cannot be effectively decomposed, problems arise.
Why is there always a problem of deterioration of the substrate?
This problem has been discussed too many times in our previous articles, and it can be summarized as 5 points: one is not to insist on clearing the pond, the second is not to pay attention to scientific feeding, the third is to use drugs at will, the fourth is high-density breeding, and the fifth is not to pay attention to cleaning up debris impurities.
Problems with the substrate will often be manifested from the water quality. If there is a problem with the substrate, a simple water exchange cannot be solved. First, the water change is too slow to change the bottom, can not consume harmful substances in a short period of time, and the fish may be affected by the deterioration of the bottom mass in a short period of time; second, the water change has not fundamentally solved the problem of the deterioration of the bottom, the symptoms are not cured, and the situation will be repeated. Therefore, we still need to use the bottom product. However, although some chemicals have a fast effect on the bottom, they also have the disadvantage of not treating the root cause completely and introducing more substances.
In the end, how to change the bottom of the breeding
1. Quick method to change the bottom
The so-called rapid method is to alleviate the deterioration of the substrate in a short period of time and improve the change in water quality caused by the deterioration of the substrate. The following are commonly used:
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > (1) quicklime</h1>
Quicklime has the effect of improving the substrate, adjusting the PH value, disinfecting and sterilization, and supplementing the calcium of shrimp and crabs. In addition, quicklime also has the effect of clarifying water quality. When used as a bottom to divert water, the amount per mu is 8-10 kg.
Quicklime is easy to absorb water and rehydrate, and the effect of quicklime in moisture is significantly reduced, and it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of dry places.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" >(2) calcium peroxide</h1>
In general, the bottom of the fish pond is most prone to lack of oxygen, which makes the bottom deterioration more serious. Calcium peroxide has the effect of releasing oxygen, thereby alleviating the hypoxia of the water body and accelerating the decomposition of the organic matter accumulated on the sediment. Like quicklime, calcium peroxide also has the effect of sterilization, adjusting PH value, and supplementing calcium. Another important role of calcium peroxide is that it can be used as an emergency oxygenator to rescue fish floating heads. Dosage: 300-400 grams per acre.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" >(3) sodium thiosulfate</h1>
Sodium thiosulfate can reduce harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrite in water. Dosage: 500-600 grams per acre, after use, turn on the aerator to oxygenate.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" >(4) zeolite powder</h1>
Similar to activated carbon, zeolite powder has adsorption properties and can adsorb harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, and methane in water bodies. Zeolite powder can also adsorb small particles of sediment and impurities, which can play a role in clarifying water quality. Dosage: 10-15 kg per acre.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="17" >(5) using microbial agents</h1>
Microbial preparations are greener and more natural in effect and do not impose additional burdens on water bodies. Commonly used are EM bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, etc., and some are algae biological fertilizers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="19" >2, indirect bottoming method</h1>
The indirect method is to prevent in advance and take precautions, requiring us to optimize our breeding management technology in ordinary times and pay attention to the maintenance of the substrate. Specifically, there are the following aspects:
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="21" >(1) clear ponds and sun ponds</h1>
Fish ponds should remove too thick and blackened and smelly silt, especially the silt that has turned black and smelly, indicating that there has been a deterioration of the substrate in the last breeding, so it should be removed. The thickness of the bottom mud of the fish pond is more suitable at 10-15 cm, which can not only fertilize the water, but also regulate the water quality. After the silt is removed, the pond should be sunburned, and the pond can be frozen in the northern region, both of which can loosen the soil and promote the decomposition of harmful substances.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="23" >(2) regular water changes</h1>
Regular water changes are made to increase oxygen, so that there is sufficient oxygen at the bottom of the fish pond, so that the accumulation on the sediment will be decomposed at an accelerated rate. Entering the high temperature period, it is more important to pay attention to changing the water frequently. You can change it every 10 days or so, and each time you change it to 80 cm.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="25" > (3) raise and stabilize the water level</h1>
Water level can affect water temperature, which in turn affects water quality. The water level of the fish pond should be adjusted according to different seasons to adapt to changes in ambient temperature. Summer temperatures are high and the water temperature rises with the ambient temperature. If the water temperature is too high, one is to affect the dissolved oxygen of the water, the second is to reduce the appetite of the fish, and the third is to weaken the activity ability of the fish.
In the high temperature season, you can raise the water level to more than 2 meters, and when changing or draining water in the future, you must always maintain this water level to make the water environment stable.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="28" >(4) start the aerator</h1>
There are 3 advantages to opening an aerator, one is to oxygenate the fish pond, and increasing oxygen can help decompose harmful substances; the second is aeration, releasing the ammonia, methane, and sulfur-containing gases in the water into the air; the third is to flip the bottom mud and the bottom water body to accelerate the exchange of water bodies.
During the high temperature season, the aerator can be turned on at noon for 3 hours continuously. Rainy weather opens in the middle of the night and stays open until around 8 a.m.
We have repeatedly said that the problem of substrate and water quality lies in the usual maintenance, using direct methods to improve substrate, only for a short time, in the long run, or to focus on indirect bottoming methods.