1. Sodium laureth sulfate:
Sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) is an excellent anionic surfactant that can be obtained from coconut. [1] The formula R(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na (R is 12 alkyl [7-8]), a pale yellow viscous liquid, easily soluble in water, with excellent decontamination, emulsification and foaming properties. It has good thickening characteristics and foaming ability, such as adding 2% to 5% sodium chloride can easily increase the viscosity of SLES system. [2] It is commonly used in daily chemical industries such as liquid washing, meal washing, shampoo, and bath washing, and is also used in textile, paper, leather, machinery, oil extraction and other industries. [3] In cosmetics, SLES has a certain irritation and is not suitable for long-term use on sensitive and dry skin.
2. Cocamidopropyl betaine:
A zwitterionic surfactant, which has excellent stability under acidic and alkaline conditions, presents cationic and anionic properties respectively, and is often used in combination with anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants, and its compatibility performance is good. Small irritation, easy to dissolve in water, stable to acid and alkali, foam, strong detergent, with excellent thickening, softness, sterilization, antistaticity, resistance to hard water. It can significantly improve the softness, conditioning and low temperature stability of washing products.
(1) Performance and application:
An amphoteric surfactant with good cleaning, foaming, conditioning effect, good compatibility with anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants.
This product is less irritating, mild performance, delicate and stable foam, suitable for the configuration of shampoo, shower gel, facial cleanser, etc., can enhance the softness of hair and skin.
When this product is compatible with an appropriate amount of anionic surfactant, it has obvious thickening effect, and can also be used as a conditioning agent, wetting agent, fungicide, antistatic agent and so on.
Because this product has a good foaming effect, widely used in oilfield exploitation, the main role is as a viscosity reducer, oil repellent and foaming agent, make full use of its surface activity, infiltrate, infiltrate, peel off the crude oil in the oily mud, improve the recovery of three recovery
(2) Uses:
Widely used in the preparation of medium and high-grade shampoos, shower gels, hand sanitizers, foaming cleansers, etc. and household detergents; it is the preparation of mild baby shampoos and babies
Children's foam bath, the main ingredient of baby skin care products, in the hair care and skin care formula is an excellent soft conditioning agent; can also be used as detergent, wetting agent, thickener, antistatic agent and fungicide.
3. Glycerin
Glycerol, also known as glycerin, the chemical formula is C3H8O3, colorless, odorless, sweet, the appearance is clear and viscous liquid, is an organic substance, can absorb moisture from the air, can also absorb hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide and sulfur dioxide. Insoluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether and oil, is the backbone component of triglyceride molecules.
(1) Properties and stability:
1. Colorless, transparent, odorless, viscous liquid, sweet taste, with hygroscopicity. It is miscible with water and alcohols, amines, and phenols in any proportion, and the aqueous solution is neutral. Soluble in 11 times the ethyl acetate, about 500 times the ether. Insoluble in benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether, oil, long-chain fatty alcohols. Flammable, when encountering strong oxidants such as chromium dioxide and potassium chlorate, it can cause combustion and explosion. It is also a good solvent for many inorganic salts and gases. It is non-corrosive to metals and can be oxidized to acrolein when used as a solvent.
Chemical properties: esterification reaction with acid, such as esterification with phthalate to form alkyd resin; ester exchange reaction with ester; reaction with hydrogen chloride to generate chlorinol; glycerol dehydration in two ways: intermolecular dehydration to obtain diglycerol and polyglycerol, intramolecular dehydration to obtain acrolein. Glycerol reacts with alkali to form alcohol, and reacts with aldehydes and ketones to form acetals and ketals. Oxidation with dilute nitrate to generate glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone; oxidation with periodic acid to formaldehyde and formaldehyde; contact with strong oxidants such as chromic anhydride, potassium chlorate or potassium permanganate can cause combustion or explosion; glycerin can also play a role in nitrification and acetylatation.
2. Non-toxic. Even drinking a dilute solution with a total amount of 100g is harmless, and it is oxidized after hydrolysis in the body and becomes a source of nutrition. In animal experiments, when it is drunk in large quantities, it has the same anesthetic effect as alcohol.
3. It is present in flue-cured tobacco leaves, burley tobacco leaves, spice tobacco leaves, and smoke.
4 Naturally occurring in tobacco, beer, wine, cocoa.
(2) Usage
Gas chromatography fixative solution (maximum use temperature 75 °C, solvent is methanol), separation and analysis of low boiling point oxygen compounds, amine compounds, nitrogen or oxygen heterocyclic compounds, can completely separate 3-methylpyridine (boiling point 144.14 °C) and 4-methylpyridine (boiling point 145.36 °C), suitable for aqueous solution analysis, solvents, gas gauges and hydraulic press cushioning fluids, softeners, antibiotic fermentation nutrients, desiccants, lubricants, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics formulation, organic synthesis, plasticizers. It can be dissolved in any proportion with water, and the low concentration of glycerol solution can be used as a lubricating oil to moisturize the skin.
Edible grade glycerin, one of the highest quality bio-refined glycerol, in addition to containing glycerol, as well as esters, glucose and other reducing sugars, belongs to polyol glycerols. In addition to moisturizing and moisturizing functions, it also has special effects such as high activity, antioxidant and pro-alcoholization.
Complete oxidation of glycerol per gram produces 4 kcal of calories, which are absorbed by the body without altering blood sugar and insulin levels. Glycerin is a sweetener and moisturizer commonly used in the food processing industry and is mostly found in sports foods and dairy substitutes.
4. Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride is an inorganic ion compound with the chemical formula NaCl, colorless cubic crystalline or fine crystalline powder, salty taste. The appearance is white crystalline, and its source is mainly seawater, which is the main component of table salt. It is easily soluble in water, glycerin, slightly soluble in ethanol (alcohol), liquid ammonia, insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure sodium chloride is deliquescious in air. [1] The stability is relatively good, its aqueous solution is neutral, and the industry generally adopts the method of electrolysis saturated sodium chloride solution to produce hydrogen, chlorine and caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and other chemical products (generally known as chlor-alkali industry) can also be used for ore smelting (electrolytically melted sodium chloride crystals produce active metal sodium), medically used to configure normal saline, and can be used for condiments in life.
5. Guar gum hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride
Cationic guar gum is a water-soluble polymer with the chemical name guar hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. It uses natural guar gum as raw material, removes the epidermis and germ after the remaining endosperm part, mainly contains galactose and mannose, after drying and crushing and hydrolysis with 20% ethanol solution precipitation, centrifugal separation and drying and dehydropharetic glycidyl ether trimethylammonium chloride reaction to prepare. Guar gum, known in English as "guargum", is a highly purified natural polysaccharide extracted from a legume widely grown in the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent, the guar bean. Due to its unique molecular structure characteristics and naturalness, it has quickly become a new type of environmentally friendly papermaking additive with superior performance; at the same time, it is also widely used in food, petroleum, medicine and other fields. Guar gum is a macromolecular natural hydrophilic colloid, which belongs to natural galactomannan, one of the quality improvers, and a natural thickener. The appearance is a free-flowing powder from white to yellowish, which can be dissolved in cold or hot water, and after encountering water, it forms a colloidal substance to achieve rapid thickening effect. It is mainly divided into two types: food grade and industrial grade (the oil field use belongs to the industrial grade). The general export packaging is 25KG/bag, outer layer of kraft paper, inner layer of PE film bag. Widely used in oil fracturing, drilling and other thickening purposes, as well as food additives, printing and dyeing and architectural coatings and other industries. Guar gum is the most effective and water-soluble natural polymer known. At low concentrations, high viscous solutions can be formed; exhibit non-Newtonian rheological properties, and form acid reversible gels with borax Due to its unique properties, it is used in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal health, petroleum, vista mosquitoes, papermaking and textile printing and dyeing industries
6. Serine
Serine, named [1] because of its earliest derivation from silk, is also known as β hydroxyalanine [2], or L-2-amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid [3]. Serine is a neutral aliphatic hydroxyl amino acid, is a non-essential amino acid [4], chemical formula C3H7NO3, molecular weight 105.09, melting point 496 ~ 501 K, soluble in water, almost insoluble in non-polar solvents. [2]
Serine plays a role in the metabolism of fats and fatty acids and in the growth of muscles, in the manufacture and processing of cell membranes, in the synthesis of muscle tissue and sheaths that surround nerve cells. It is mainly used in compound amino acid preparations for supplementing amino acids. [4] D-serine is also an important neurotransmitter, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is an important endogenous ligand, both of which play an important role in the central system. [5] Production methods usually include fermentation, protein hydrolysis extraction, chemical synthesis, biological enzyme method, etc. -As a basic amino acid constituting protein, serine is widely used in medicine, food, cosmetics and other industries. At present, the global market demand for L-serine is 10000t/year. [8] L-serine is a non-essential amino acid, which is an important precursor involved in the synthesis of intracellular biological substances such as purine, pyrimidine, and phospholipids. [6-7] L-serine is a raw material for compound amino acid infusions and can also be used as a raw material for the light chemical industry [11]. In addition, because L-serine has special wetting and moisturizing properties, it is widely used in high-grade cosmetics at home and abroad. [7] D-serine is one of the most important D-type amino acids in mammals, about 1/3 of the total amount of free serine in the body. The study found that the higher centers of higher animals, including humans, have regionally high concentrations of D-serine and play an important neurotransmitter role. Studies have found that D-serine plays an important role in the corpus cavernosum of the penis and the subesophageal sphincter in mice. [5]
7 Glycine.
Glycine (glycine, abbreviated glycine), also known as aminoacetic acid, is a non-essential amino acid with the chemical formula C2H5NO2. Glycine is a constituent amino acid of endogenous antioxidant reduced glutathione, which is often exogenously supplemented when the body is severely stressed, and is sometimes called a semi-essential amino acid. [1]
Solid glycine is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is odorless and non-toxic [2]. It is easily soluble in water and almost insoluble in ethanol or ether. Used in the pharmaceutical industry, biochemical testing and organic synthesis, is the simplest structure in the amino acid series, a kind of amino acid non-essential in the human body, both acidic and alkaline functional groups in the molecule, can be ionized in water, has a strong hydrophilicity, but belongs to non-polar amino acids, soluble in polar solvents, and difficult to dissolve in non-polar solvents [3], and has a high boiling point and melting point, through the regulation of the acidity and alkalinity of the aqueous solution can make glycine present different molecular forms.
8.. Sea salt
The main role of sea salt hot compresses is to promote local blood circulation, accelerate metabolism, and promote the absorption of inflammation. The salt itself has an anti-inflammatory effect. After heating, it is packed into a cloth bag for warm compresses, and the clinical anti-inflammatory effect is better. Therefore, hot sea salt compresses for the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease will play a role, however, the diagnosis must be made before hot compresses. Hot compresses should be applied only in case of pelvic inflammatory disease. Other diseases may play the opposite role with hot compresses. If there is uterine cancer or other pelvic tissue, hot compresses will play the opposite role, accelerating the spread of cancer cells, so hot compresses can only be applied after clinical diagnosis.
Salty taste sweet and warm, with the effect of tonifying the kidneys and solidifying the essence, nourishing the liver and bright purpose. Chinese medicine believes that salt enters the kidneys, and the processing with salt is mainly to enhance the function of entering the kidney meridians. Salt is an important drug for solidifying sperm. Therefore, the treatment of premature ejaculation and sperm loss in the form of renal yang deficiency can be used as the drug of choice. For example, it is the main drug of the famous prescription golden lock sperm pill that tonifies kidney solid essence. In addition to treating impotence and premature ejaculation, it can also treat kidney deficiency, frequent urination, low back pain, enuresis, excessive vaginal discharge and blurred vision. However, due to the tendency of astragalus to warm up, it should be used with caution for those who are prone to excessive internal heat. Because salt has a solid function, people who have difficulty urinating also need to use it carefully.
9. EDTA- disodium
Disodium EDTA- undetate, also known as EDTA-2Na, is a good blend in chemistry. The chemical formula is C10H14N2Na2O8, the molecular weight is 336.206, it has six coordination atoms, the complex formed is called chelate, EDTA is often used in coordination titration, generally to determine the content of metal ions. EDTA has important uses in dyes, food, pharmaceuticals and other industries.
Disodium EDTA is a tasteless, odorless or slightly salty white or milky white crystalline or granular powder, odorless and odorless. It is soluble in water and extremely insoluble in ethanol. It is an important chelating agent that chelates metal ions in solutions. Prevents discoloration, deterioration, turbidity and oxidative loss of vitamin C caused by metals, and can also improve the antioxidant properties of oils and fats (trace metals such as iron and copper in oils and fats have the effect of promoting the oxidation of oils and fats).
10. Phenoxyethanol
Phenoxyethanol is an organic compound with the formula C8H10O2 that can be synthesized by etherification of ethylene glycol and phenol.
Phenoxyethanol is a colorless, micro-viscous liquid with an aromatic odor, slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol and sodium hydroxide. [1]
Phenoxyethanol has antimicrobial properties (generally used with quaternary ammonium salts) and is often used as a substitute for highly toxic sodium azide in biological buffer solutions because of its low toxicity and chemical inactivity against copper and lead. Preservatives are commonly used in cosmetics, skin care products, vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Phenoxyethanol, in perfume can be used as a fixative, can be used as an insect repellent, external disinfectants, solvents of cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, resins, preservatives and other medical uses. It is also used in aquaculture as an anesthetic for fish. It is also listed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an ingredient in a variety of U.S. vaccines. In Japan, the amount of phenoxyethanol used in cosmetics is monitored.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" > solventborne</h1>
Phenoxyethanol has good solubility and miscibility, often used as a diluent for fragrances, is the best solvent and permeation aid for hair coloring materials and nail polish pigments, solvents and improvers for inks, ballpoint pen oils and penmetrants for printing table inks. [7]
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > antiseptic and bactericidal</h1>
Phenoxyethanol has a specific bacteriostatic effect on P. aeruginosa, and has an inhibitory effect on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Because it has considerable solubility in water, white mineral oil, isopropyl brown bertic acid vinegar and other cosmetic components. Coupled with its highly effective broad-spectrum, low toxicity and non-allergic irritation (2.2% aqueous solution is not irritating to the skin), it is widely used in cosmetic creams and shampoos.
11. Methylisothiazolinone
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H5NOS and a molecular weight of 115.15. It is a white to yellow powder, has a certain odor, is a highly effective fungicide, has a good effect on inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, and can inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, mold and mold.
It is generally used as a preservative in bath liquids, shampoos and washing liquids, and can be used in cooling water, circulating water, papermaking and paint coatings in industry. It is also an efficient antimicrobial drug with broad-spectrum bacteriostatic ability, which is used for sterilization and antiseptics such as paper coatings, oilfield water injection, and daily chemicals