According to a report by Fujian Daily on April 6, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during his recent inspection in Fujian that it is necessary to cultivate industries with special advantages based on the diversity of agricultural resources and the advantages of suitable climate. It is necessary to adhere to the system concept, find the positioning in the service and integration into the construction of a new development pattern, and optimize and upgrade the industrial structure. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech has pointed out the direction for the development of Zhangzhou's edible mushroom industry.
In recent years, Zhangzhou has promoted the edible mushroom industry to factory cultivation and industrialization development and upgrading with "industrialization concept and industrialization thinking". At present, the edible mushroom industry has a complete chain of fresh product sales, processing and production, employing more than 350,000 people, and has been among the pillar industries of Zhangzhou's agriculture of 10 billion yuan since 2016. Zhangzhou has also become the country's largest production and export base for bisporus mushrooms, white-backed fungus, and factory apricot abalone mushrooms.
Demonstration leads the transformation
In recent days, mushroom farmers in Jiaomei Town, Zhangzhou Taiwan Investment Zone, have been busy picking mushrooms, and in the Jiudong Mushroom Industrial Park, machines have methodically sent culture materials to mushroom racks. Here, thanks to the standardized temperature-controlled mushroom room, anti-seasonal cultivation flourishes.
"Traditional mushrooms to watch the sky to eat, with a temperature-controlled mushroom room, you can grow mushrooms all year round, usually feeding, mushroom picking has special equipment to assist, much easier." Last year, mushroom farmer Lin Wenwu and several other mushroom farmers jointly established the Zhongxing Cooperative, settled in the Jiudong Mushroom Industrial Park, and the park uniformly provided cultivation materials and technical guidance.
Jiaomei Town is a key production base of mushrooms in Zhangzhou, and the cultivation of bisporus mushrooms has a long history. Since 2015, the Zhangzhou Taiwan Investment Zone has promoted the transformation and upgrading of the mushroom industry to factory, facility and standardization through the establishment of mushroom industrialization development funds, leading enterprises and industrial parks.
Tongfa Group took the lead in building a demonstration base and training center for "bisporus mushroom factory", adopted advanced production technology, established primary and secondary fermentation tunnels, uniformly supplied culture materials to scattered mushroom farmers, and provided standardized mushroom room transformation construction and technical guidance. Since 2019, with the Jiudong Mushroom Industrial Park as the demonstration base, the government subsidy funds have provided environmentally friendly mushroom culture materials through the sale and rental of standardized mushroom houses, and some mushroom farmers have been concentrated in the park to produce and guide them to move closer to standardized cultivation.
"Traditional mushroom farmers can plant one stubble mushroom a year, while factory cultivation can grow 5 to 6 stubble mushrooms a year, and the annual production of mushrooms per square meter can reach more than 180 kilograms, and a temperature-controlled mushroom room can top four or five traditional mushroom rooms." Wang Cuijuan, assistant to the president of Tongfa Group, introduced that although the production cost of standardized mushroom rooms is higher, it can reduce land use and labor costs, solve environmental protection problems, and ensure the yield and quality of mushrooms, and have obvious advantages in planting mushrooms in the anti-season and exploring the cultivation of rare mushrooms, and the overall benefit is 8 to 10 times that of traditional planting.
Today, 4 cooperatives have been settled in the Jiudong Mushroom Industrial Park, with an annual output value of more than 7 million yuan. Driven by the model demonstration, many nearby mushroom farmers have also successively established cooperatives to build temperature-controlled mushroom rooms and explore industrial transformation. Since 2020, the Zhangzhou Taiwan Investment Zone has further supplied cultivating materials to decentralized mushroom farmers in the form of unified preferential prices and direct supplementary supply of state-owned enterprises, and promoted the transformation and upgrading of the mushroom industry in the region. Up to now, the supply of culture materials is about 8,000 tons, and 108 radiation farmers. In 2020, the local edible mushroom planting area is about 3.02 million square meters, with an annual output of 84,500 tons.
Technology helps upgrade and transition
In the production workshop of Fujian Wanchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., located in the agricultural Silicon Valley on both sides of the Zhangpu Strait, workers are working in an orderly manner on the automated bottle planting production line of Enoki mushrooms. Raw material warehouses, mushroom workshops, sterilization rooms, packaging workshops, etc. are connected through conveyor belts and implement closed management. Through the Internet of Things central control platform, data collection, monitoring and intelligent control of each production link can be carried out, so as to realize the simulation of the natural growth environment to cultivate Enoki mushrooms, without the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the daily output can reach 90 tons.
As a gathering area of edible mushroom factory enterprises, Zhangzhou has 63 edible mushroom factory production enterprises, with a daily output of 400 tons, and 3 of the 10 provincial leading enterprises are mainly engaged in the production and processing of edible mushrooms. In recent years, through technological transformation and expansion, the establishment and improvement of the production quality monitoring system and traceability system, the production mode of edible mushroom factory enterprises has changed to green and intelligent. Especially with the construction of intelligent automation of bacterial package production and the popularization of sterile inoculation workshops, the degree of intelligent production has been further improved, the shortage of labor has been solved, and the production efficiency and efficiency have been improved. In 2020, the total output of edible mushroom fresh products in the city reached 795,000 tons, an increase of 5.38% year-on-year; the output value was 4.05 billion yuan, an increase of 8.71% year-on-year.
To embark on a road of efficient, safe and environmentally friendly development of the edible mushroom industry, scientific research is indispensable.
In recent years, the agricultural department of Zhangzhou City has continued to promote the demonstration of high-yield and stable product species such as bisporus mushroomSYSYS W38 and W192, and the white-backed fungus "Zhang'er 43-28", and cooperated with Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University to breed the enoki mushroom "Nongwanjin No. 8" and "Nongwanjin No. 88" and the apricot abalone mushroom "Chengxing 2015-6" to further optimize the local edible mushroom variety structure.
"Due to the large number of mushroom residues in Zhangzhou City, we also carry out the formula test of the cultivation of bispora mushrooms of Enoki mushroom residue and apricot abalone mushroom residue, the new varieties of Xiuzhen mushrooms and the formula test of culture materials, screen out the formula suitable for high yield of mushroom cultivation, find more raw materials for mushroom cultivation, help mushroom farmers reduce costs and increase income, realize the recycling of waste mushroom residue, and promote the sustainable development of production." Chen Guoping, director of the Zhangzhou Comprehensive Experiment and Promotion Station of the Provincial Modern Agricultural Edible Mushroom Industry Technology System, introduced that Zhangzhou can produce 180,000 tons of fungal residue per year, which can replace 60,000 tons of straw cultivation of bisporus mushrooms and create an output value of 600 million yuan.
In addition, the waste material produced by the cultivation of edible mushrooms can be sold as high-quality organic fertilizer after degradation. From paying people to clean up the fungus residue, to scrap can also sell for a good price, today's edible mushroom cultivation is more green and environmentally friendly.
Extend the chain Industrial value-added
Can the market fully digest the increase in production capacity? With the increase in the demand for edible mushrooms in the consumer market, the development of cold chain logistics, and the sales network of leading enterprises, the sales scope of edible mushrooms in Zhangzhou has been expanding. The price of fresh mushrooms is high, and most of them are sold directly into the market. After grading, other mushrooms or parts that cannot be digested by the fresh mushroom market are still promising in the deep processing industry, which has also spawned a number of processing enterprises that produce canned mushrooms, mushroom crisps, pickled mushrooms and other foods.
Zhangzhou also actively guides leading enterprises to extend the industrial chain through the research and development of new technologies and new processes. Tongfa Foods uses the mushroom pre-cooking solution through the process of filtration, concentration and separation to produce mushroom soy sauce and mushroom monosodium glutamate; Haishan Group and Katazai have jointly developed the health food "mushroom essence sugar tablets". According to statistics, only a variety of canned mixed edible mushrooms developed by Tongfa Food have driven farmers to increase their income by more than 70 million yuan.
Since 2007, the annual "Chinese Mushroom Festival" has been held in Zhangzhou for 13 sessions, which has built an important platform for information and business exchanges in the edible mushroom industry at home and abroad. The brand effect of "China Mushroom Festival" has been expanding, becoming a grand event in the edible mushroom industry with certain international influence, and has also driven the export of edible mushrooms in Zhangzhou. At present, Zhangzhou is the most concentrated area for the production, processing and export of canned mushrooms in China, and the export volume of canned mushrooms accounts for 80% of the country, and edible mushroom fresh products, dried products, canned products and fungal packages sell well at home and abroad.
By extending the industrial chain and upgrading the value chain, zhangzhou edible mushroom industry has been able to achieve quality improvement and upgrading. At present, Zhangzhou edible mushroom industry has realized a specialized division of labor in strain breeding, technical services, specialized production, preservation, processing, marketing, equipment manufacturing, etc., forming a characteristic industry with a complete upstream and downstream relationship chain. At present, there are more than 200 edible mushroom processing enterprises in the city, and 2 enterprises concentrate on the production of mushroom packages (culture materials), more than 10 professional service technical teams, 3 edible mushroom machinery manufacturing enterprises, and the output of edible mushroom machinery accounts for 40% of the country. In 2020, the output value of the whole industrial chain of Zhangzhou edible mushroom industry exceeded 16.8 billion yuan. (Reporter Huang Rufei Su Yijie Correspondent Guo Qingliang)