Are the geese lined up in the word "one" or "person" when flying really to save effort?

When talking about geese lining up to fly from childhood to adulthood, the most famous saying is that the head geese break the wind to help the geese save physical strength. This is true, even because it is too famous to find the original research paper. Since the specific description of the labor-saving principle requires complex hydrodynamic calculations, we will not expand on it here, but the general statement is that when the front geese fly, the wing tips will produce wingtips vortexes, providing lift for the rear geese. Interested readers can check out the reference links below.

Wingtip vortex of an aircraft, Source: References

But geese lining up to fly aren't just about saving effort. During the long-distance migration of geese, the flock is often led by experienced old geese to prevent getting lost or being attacked by predators. The leading old geese are less likely to get lost because they have experienced migration; when they encounter predators, they can also command the geese to avoid danger. Young geese are basically in the team, saving physical strength and protecting adult geese.

Resources:

Why do geese fly in various formations

Why do geese fly in a "human" glyph

Wingtips of birds vortex

The wingtip vortex of the aircraft

By hiding stupidity