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Protecting Life with Life: Comment on the film "Bomb Disposal Expert" (Part 1) Explosives and explosives disposal equipment
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After Zhang zaishan was reinstated, a large bomb was dug up during construction at a construction site and had to be dismantled. This is a 500-pound (226.8 kg) bomb used by the Air Force during World War II, which has rusted, but it is absolutely powerful, in the words of the film, "even the tanks are blown up." In the face of such a bomb, Zhang Zaishan did not wear a detonation suit and directly carried out the detonation operation. This is actually reasonable, too. Because the power of the bomb is too great, even wearing the most protective detonation suit is useless, it is better to simply not wear it but to act more conveniently. Zhang's way of detonating at the mountain is to use a silent electric drill to drill a hole in the fuze of the bomb, and then inject a fuze coagulant into it, and after the coagulant solidifies, the fuze is removed, and then the bomb is transported away for destruction. This method was the most suitable in the circumstances at the time.
Zhang used a silent electric drill to drill a hole in the bomb fuze in the mountain
But one detail in this scene is debatable, namely that the state of the bomb is not very reasonable. Generally speaking, after the air-dropped bomb detaches from the carrier aircraft, it will show a state of vertical downward falling of the warhead under the action of the tail of the bomb, so as to ensure that the fuze of the bomb head hits the ground to detonate the bomb. If the bomb does not explode for some reason, then the huge kinetic energy will allow it to drill into the ground a certain depth. Under the influence of the resistance of different media underground, the bomb will generally stop at a certain tilt angle. The bomb in the film is completely horizontal, which is not in line with convention, and more importantly, the tail wing of the bomb is still intact, which is even more unreasonable. When a bomb without explosion enters the ground, its tail wing will break or fall off due to bumps.
Zhang Zaishan injected the fuze coagulant into the inside of the bomb fuze
After the coagulant has solidified, the fuze is removed
The bomb in the film is placed horizontally, the tail fin is intact, and it is impossible to drop it from the air
After being kidnapped by Hong Jipeng's men, Li Jiawen was stuffed into the trunk of a taxi, still holding an MK2 grenade that had been pulled out of the insurance pin. Zhang Zaishan constantly reminded Li Jiawen to hold the safety grip and tie Li's hand with tape during the exclusion, which made the grenade not explode. Zhang then made a sandbag array, which was actually a barrel-shaped structure built out of sandbags to block shrapnel. In the end, the two men threw grenades into the sandbag formation together, successfully avoiding casualties. The MK2 grenade is a grenade used by the U.S. military in World War II, a typical defensive grenade that relies mainly on fragmentation to kill and injure the enemy. As long as the sandbag array blocks the debris generated by its explosion and the personnel are not dangerous to leave a certain distance.
Zhang Zaishan tied Li Jiawen's hand with tape so that he would not let go of his hand and explode the grenade
The sandbag array here actually plays the role of an explosion-proof tank. Nowadays, when we go to public places such as airports and train stations, we usually find a canned or spherical object in the corner, which is an explosion-proof can or explosion-proof ball. An explosion-proof tank is a kind of equipment used to hold explosives, which can resist its explosive power to achieve the purpose of protecting the safety of people and property. The JW series explosion-proof tank produced in China is one of the representatives. According to different models, the explosion-proof tank can resist 400g, 800g and 1200g TNT equivalent indoors, and 500g, 1000g, 1500g, 2500g and 4000g TNT equivalent outdoors. The self-weight of this series of explosion-proof tanks is 110kg~260kg, and the bottom is equipped with steering pulleys to push them away from important areas to reduce losses. Similar explosion-proof balls are used for long-distance transfer and transportation of explosives, and can be destroyed directly in the explosion-proof balls when the items do not need to be removed or are dangerous to transport. Explosion-proof balls also have a shielding function, if the mobile phone or some radio remote control to detonate the bomb, you can block its signal so that it can not detonate. The JBG series explosion-proof balls produced in China can resist 1.5kg, 3kg, 4.5kg and 6kg TNT equivalents, which is enough to cope with the general threat of explosive terrorism.
Some readers may ask that since Hong Jipeng is watching Zhang Zaishan, who is dismantling the rice cooker bomb from a distance, he can completely control the detonation bomb remotely when the dismantling is successful. This doubt can only be explained by Zhang Zaishan's use of radio frequency jammers, which are also necessary in contemporary detonation operations. It is used to interfere with radio signals within a certain distance nearby, including cell phone signals. U.S. forces in Afghanistan and Iraq have installed jammers on their main vehicles to counter radio-controlled bombs, the effect of which is to make radio signals unable to transmit normally, so that wireless remote-controlled bombs cannot detonate. For example, the MBB-200B portable radio frequency jammer produced in China can interfere with various existing remote control signals, and the range can reach 100m to prevent the detonation of remote control bombs and protect the safety of important personnel, places and detonators. In addition, there are vehicle-mounted jammers, which are more powerful and have a longer interference distance. However, there is a fatal blank spot in the film about the use of such equipment, that is, there is no use of radio frequency jammers in the submarine tunnel. Of course, the unique terrain conditions of the tunnel will indeed have a certain impact on the use of radio frequency jammers, but since mobile phone signals can be transmitted in the tunnel, the radio frequency jammers should have an effect. Unfortunately, the police did not use a radio frequency jammer at this time, so that Hong Jipeng could freely remotely start the vehicle bomb, which could not but be said to be a mistake.
In addition, judging from the composition of the bomb disposal team, the grouping method of the Hong Kong police in the film has the characteristics of a typical police department, which is quite different from the army's bomb disposal team. The U.S. military's bomb disposal team is generally composed of 3 people, including 1 detonator and 2 vigilantes. The detonator is in charge of the human detonation operation, and the other 2 are responsible for vigilance. While the detonators were working, 2 vigilantes armed with carbines guarded the surroundings in case someone suddenly attacked the bomb disposalers. The U.S. military faces a more serious external threat, so its bomb disposal team has stronger firepower and self-defense capabilities. In contrast, the bomb disposal team of the police department generally does not face a strong fire threat, only need to concentrate on the detonation operation, the bomb disposal team does not need to organize fire cover, and the police of other departments are sufficient to provide support. Zhang Zaishan's group in the film is like this, Zhang is the first platoon of explosives, his assistant Ah Bin is responsible for support, only 2 people form a team, and Ah Bin is more of a substitute team member, usually only responsible for communication and equipment support. Generally speaking, this assistant is also responsible for operating the detonation robot and completing the task together with the main detonator. When the rice cooker bomb is removed in the film, it is Ah Bin who controls the detonation robot to pass the canned liquid nitrogen to Zhang Zaishan.
Comment on the disposal of explosives in the film
and tactical performance
According to the statistics of relevant information, the proportion of explosive terrorist attacks in various types of terrorist attacks has been on the rise, and the lethality and destructive power are getting stronger and stronger. The targets of bombing terrorist attacks are generally government agencies, large shopping malls, sports venues, transportation hubs, transportation vehicles and squares and other crowded places, which are extremely harmful. Not only that, bombing terrorist attacks also have a huge impact on the politics, economy and diplomacy of various countries, and even some terrorist attacks have the risk of provoking war in some countries. To this end, all countries have generally attached importance to the handling of explosive terrorist attacks and have formed a number of effective principles for disposal.
Detonation is a very complex and extremely dangerous task that must be completed smoothly by following certain disposal procedures. The detonation procedure is generally divided into three steps: preparation before the detonation, implementation of specific detonation operations and aftermath after the detonation. The preparation work before the detonation should be meticulous, adequate and orderly. After the discovery of explosives, the first step is to seal off the scene and search for suspicious items at the scene to prevent a second or third explosive. In the film "Bomb Disposal Expert", after Hong Jipeng's car bomb was found in the Hung Hom undersea tunnel, the police sealed the tunnel while also launching a search for two other tunnels, the purpose of which is to prevent terrorists from having other explosives. Secondly, explosives professionals need to observe the placement method, shape, volume, outer packaging materials, etc. of the explosives without touching them, focusing on the types, weights and power of explosives. This work is generally carried out using detonation robots and high-magnification telescopes to reduce risk. In the film, the police took this approach to the rice cooker bomb in the square, first X-raying the inside of the robot, but because the detonation device was covered by chewing gum, and finally Zhang Zaishan manually inspected it and determined its specific structure. The third task is to observe the situation at the site and make a preliminary assessment of the possible consequences of the destruction of explosives as a basis for the next step. In the film, Zhang Zaishan observes the bomb at the entrance of the courthouse and believes that although its explosive force is weak, it will shatter the glass of the surrounding important buildings and cause adverse effects, which is a preliminary assessment of the destructive effect of explosives. The fourth task is to clean up irrelevant items and personnel outside the scene, which is what we usually call evacuation, especially the surrounding flammable and explosive materials. After the explosives were found in the film, the police evacuated the crowd every time, and did not hesitate to stop the detonation operation to persuade the personnel to leave the filming of the detonation site. The final preparatory work is the elaboration of a specific detonation plan based on the above situation.
Explosive ordnance disposal is a process in which certain technical means and measures are used to change explosives from a dangerous state to a safe state, and to invalidate them or destroy them. The most important principle in this process is to ensure the maximum security of persons and property. According to the specific situation, there are two main methods of explosive ordnance disposal (detonation scheme), namely, destruction in situ, exclusion or transfer second, or elimination or transfer, and destruction in situ. The former method is mainly used in the absence of important buildings or facilities around explosives, and the State has the ability to restore security and stability in this area in a short period of time; In terms of the safety of the detonation, it is best to destroy in situ, which can reduce the danger faced by the detonation personnel to a minimum.
The conditions for removing or transferring the main method and destroying in situ are: explosives in some important buildings, once the explosion will bring serious losses and impacts; The above conditions are not completely absolute, and can be comprehensively judged according to the specific circumstances before deciding which method to use for detonation.
Specific to the situation in the film "Bomb Disposal Expert", the bomb found at the construction site is very powerful, and the surrounding area is densely packed with buildings and people, although the evacuation was carried out, the explosion will also bring huge losses. In this case, Zhang Zaishan can only choose to eliminate the scene, first remove the fuze so that the bomb cannot explode, and then transfer it and destroy it. The subsequent discovery of bombs in the square and at the entrance of the courthouse (both of which could not be destroyed in situ) were two different situations. The bombs on the square had enough time to be cleared, so Zhang carried out the scene elimination on the mountain. The bomb at the entrance of the courthouse, although small, may shatter the glass of important buildings around it, causing serious adverse effects. At the same time, the bomb did not have enough time for on-site clearance, and could only be quickly transferred and thrown into Victoria Bay to remove the danger. In the Hung Hom Undersea Tunnel, Hong Jipeng took control of the tunnel with many terrorists, and the trucks filled with explosives were under its fire control, and after a fierce battle, there was no time to transfer the explosives, and the only way to eliminate the scene with luck elements was chosen, and the loss was ultimately minimized.
When faced with a short detonation time or complex setting of a timed device, the minimum sacrifice method can also be adopted. After the exposed police officer in the film is tied to the bomb and sent out of the tunnel, Zhang Zaishan, who originally intended to use the artificial invalidation method to eliminate it, found that the bomb would explode only 2 minutes after it was activated, so he had to encourage the police officers to bravely face death and give up the detonation operation.
After the operation is completed according to the above method, regardless of whether the bomb explodes or not, the aftermath work must be carried out on the scene, such as evacuating the wounded, cleaning up the scene and collecting evidence, etc., and the entire detonation operation is considered to be the final completion.
As for the tactical performance in the film, take the passage of the undersea tunnel to talk about it. In general, in the film, the police use Zhang Zaishan to attract the attention of bandits, and then rope down the "Flying Tigers" from the top of the tunnel, combined with the large number of police officers who attack from the entrances at both ends of the tunnel, it should be said that the tactical application is successful. However, there is a detail here that has failed, that is, the "Flying Tiger Team" member or Zhang Zaishan who surrendered should select Hong Jipeng, who controls the detonator, as the first target, and only by controlling or killing it at the first time can the bomb be ensured not detonated. However, after the police entered the battle, no one dealt with Hong Jipeng, and finally destroyed the detonator, unable to stop the countdown to the bomb.
In the case of hostage-taking or terrorist attacks with explosives, if an armed assault is launched, the first consideration is to ensure the safety of the hostages and prevent the explosion, which requires careful deployment of the primary target. This target is generally a bandit who directly threatens the safety of the hostages, such as the bandits with firearms near the hostages, and the bandits who control the explosives detonation device, and first eliminate or control them in order to minimize the possible casualties and losses.
When Zhang Zaishan confronted Hong Jipeng, the members of the "Flying Tiger Team" who had secretly entered the top of the tunnel should use the information they had in advance to confirm Hong's identity and location, and it was best to use the favorable position on the high ground to snipe him first. Even if this is not possible, it is necessary to attack Hong Jipeng, the most important target, at the first time when the rope descends, instead of exchanging fire with the small minions around him. The "Flying Tigers" can secretly move to the vicinity of Hong Jipeng after discovering his location, suddenly launch an attack, kill him or control him and seize the detonator, so that the explosion of the bomb can be avoided. And this plot setting of the film can only be a tragic ending. (End of full text)
(This article was published in the second half of the 8th issue of "Light Weapons" in 2017, and the public account article has been deleted and revised)
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