Source: Procuratorial Daily
Original title: Procuratorial Daily: Achieve innovation in corruption governance driven by big data
With the rapid development of information technology and the Internet, mankind has entered the era of big data.
The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Upholding and Improving the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics and Promoting the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity, which was deliberated and adopted by the Fourth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, which was recently concluded, put forward the overall goal of upholding and improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Big data technology will certainly play an important role in achieving the goal.
At present, big data technology is widely used in various fields of national governance. Among them, in the field of corruption governance, the application practice of big data has developed rapidly in recent years, showing a unique model and landscape. At present, exploring the application of big data in the field of anti-corruption from the technical level has become one of the directions of practice in various places, and it is also regarded as a new trend in technological anti-corruption.
The application of big data in the field of anti-corruption is mainly distributed in five aspects
In recent years, with the continuous deepening of anti-corruption work, the discipline inspection commissions of various localities have carried out many innovative practices with the help of big data technology, and these practices have played a more obvious role in improving the current anti-corruption work.
On the whole, the current application of big data technology is mainly distributed in the following five aspects:
First of all, petitions and reports. Petitioning and reporting work is an area where the use of big data is more concentrated. In local practice, the local discipline inspection commissions have innovated the form of letters and visits through the establishment of big data platforms, and used new media to improve the convenience and speed of letters and visits. Specifically, as an important information data, petitions and reports have gradually shifted from the original manual reception and screening to the collection and collation of computer platforms. Through the classification and preliminary screening of these information by big data technology, the efficiency and probability of finding clues in corruption cases have been improved.
Second, discipline accountability. Using big data, the discipline inspection commissions of various localities have established an information management system for supervision and discipline enforcement, traced traces, and implemented dynamic tracking of examination and approval, so that the discipline inspection commissions can obtain reliable data in the investigation and evidence collection links, and improve the efficiency of case handling.
Third, supervise and warn. The use of big data technology in various localities has achieved more important innovations in the prevention of corruption. For example, a big data supervision and early warning system has been established, which has creatively realized new models such as "zero-distance supervision" and "embedded supervision", and improved the effectiveness of prevention.
Fourth, mass supervision. The combination of mass supervision and big data technology is mainly reflected in the use of self-media and new media to achieve bottom-up supervision. For example, the "village-level power supervision WeChat group" opened by WeChat, the "four winds" hand-clapping function using mobile phones, and the WeChat one-click communication have all extensively stimulated the initiative and enthusiasm of the masses to supervise.
Fifth, information disclosure. Information disclosure is an important safeguard mechanism for realizing the supervision of power. The practical cases in various places show that various localities have established a variety of information disclosure platforms such as big data information disclosure platforms and financial sunshine supervision systems. Through the establishment of the platform, the information is disclosed, and the transparent power operation mechanism is used, so that the abuse of power has been effectively regulated.
Through the induction, collation and analysis of these specific work contents, the author found that from the perspective of the process of corruption governance, the application of big data is mainly distributed in the prevention and punishment stages, and from the perspective of the path of power supervision, the work done with the help of big data is specifically divided into two dimensions: one is the "top-down" supervision with the Discipline Inspection Commission supervision commission as the main body, and the other is the "bottom-up" supervision with the masses as the main body. The establishment of a big data information platform with the Discipline Inspection Commission as the main body can give play to the advantages of integrating organizational resources and realize the overall planning of big data management. Taking the masses as the main body has mobilized the enthusiasm and initiative of the people to participate in anti-corruption, using new media and self-media to supervise, and after summarizing massive amounts of information, it has further provided data support for the anti-corruption work of the Discipline Inspection Commission, the Discipline Inspection Commission, and other departments.
The application of big data in the field of anti-corruption has more obvious characteristics
Through the in-depth summarization, summary and analysis of practical cases, the author finds that the application of big data technology in the field of anti-corruption has more obvious characteristics.
First of all, the application of big data has innovated anti-corruption methods to a certain extent and solved the problem of information barriers in the field of anti-corruption. In the early years, the most difficult thing about the application of big data to anti-corruption work was that it was impossible to share information in practical work, so as not to solve the so-called information island problem. From the cases in recent years, it can be found that through the construction of cross-departmental data interconnection and sharing mechanisms, local provinces, cities and other levels have broken through the barriers of information sharing. For example, the big data platforms established in various places, the Internet + supervision platform, the five-in-one data platform, the two-level linkage data platform, the community "e+ comprehensive platform for serving the people", etc., have realized the automatic collection and sharing of entered data on the platform, thus solving the problem of data incompatibility in different departments and gradually breaking down information barriers.
Second, big data has cracked the "difficulty of supervision" problem in some areas of power supervision. For example, the problem of supervising the power of the "number one" and the problem of inadequate implementation of the "two responsibilities" in managing the party and governing the party have always been important difficult problems plaguing governments at all levels. Previous studies have shown that the reason why these problems are difficult to solve effectively is the lack of effective supervision and management of the process of power operation. On the one hand, this stems from the backwardness of means and technologies and the inability to supervise; on the other hand, it stems from the lack of social integrity systems, barriers of interests, lack of sharing mechanisms, and the introduction of corresponding policies and regulations on data openness. At present, in the practical cases of various places, the application of big data has actually solved the lack of technical means, such as the whole process of supervision and all-round supervision of the operation of power explored by various places, all of which are to digitize and digitize the "trajectory" of power operation, so as to achieve effective supervision. The breakthrough of the technical bottleneck is conducive to accelerating the cracking of the deficiencies of other supporting mechanisms, and then gradually forming a landable operation.
Third, big data effectively improves the probability of problem discovery. In the past, anti-corruption agencies found that the clues or means of corrupt officials were limited, and big data technology provided more effective methods and means in this regard. For example, in the exploration of various places, there are many places that through the collection, comparison, analysis and supervision of people, things and things related to discipline enforcement and law enforcement through big data, data abnormalities are found, so as to dig out problem clues and make discipline enforcement work more accurate.
Fourth, big data effectively combines the anti-corruption forces of the state and society to achieve a new model of anti-corruption. Michael Johnston, an authoritative scholar in the field of corruption research in the United States, believes that for the ideal model of corruption governance, a consortium of social action needs to be established. The consortium emphasizes two factors: both the firm determination and will of the leaders and the active participation of the public. Clearly, the active participation of the public is conditional. The era of self-media and new media provides convenient conditions for the people to achieve political participation, and the collection, integration, analysis and processing of their massive amounts of information will enable the anti-corruption subjects to expand to the individual people and form the effect of social supervision.
Under the background of the reform of the national supervision system, the four development directions of big data technology in the field of anti-corruption
In the era of big data, various functions such as prevention, supervision, and education in the field of anti-corruption can be realized. In the process of reforming the national supervision system, the accurate identification of supervision objects, the full coverage of the supervision system, and the improvement of supervision capabilities with the help of big data technology will become an important direction for future development.
First of all, with the help of big data technology, the accurate identification of the supervision object is realized. A significant change brought about by the reform of the supervision system is the substantial increase in the number of supervision targets. In specific practice, it is necessary not only to distinguish between the objects of supervision by Party members and the objects of supervision by Non-Party members, but also to exclude personnel in some fields who do not hold public power. The problem of accurately identifying the objects of supervision has become a major challenge facing the supervision work. Big data technology is conducive to finding out the base number of supervision objects, updating the account of supervision objects in real time, and achieving dynamic identification and accurate confirmation, so as to achieve full coverage of supervision.
Second, the field of information and early warning based on the perspective of advance or prevention needs to be broadened. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the anti-corruption goal of reducing the stock and curbing the increase has achieved initial results. With the continuous deepening of anti-corruption work, the focus of anti-corruption work will gradually shift to the prevention and early warning of corruption in the future. Therefore, based on big data from a prior or preventive perspective, anti-corruption early warning mechanisms will play an important role. At present, for the application of big data technology, it is mainly focused on the reporting link, and the anti-corruption early warning mechanism based on the prevention function not only requires the collection of petition information, but also broadens the information for public employees such as bank records, travel records, accommodation registration records, social media sharing and chat records, and the type of early warning of corresponding information is also an important research issue.
Third, the application of big data technology lies not only in the establishment of the platform, but more importantly in the in-depth and effective development and analysis of information. In the analysis of the local innovation cases of the discipline inspection commission adopting big data technology in recent years, the author found that although the forms of big data platforms are different, the commonality is that the innovation of information data collection has been realized with the help of the Internet. The information is not only extensive, but also enormous. However, for these ever-increasing information data, in-depth and systematic development, that is, screening out effective information, has become a thorny problem. Taking petitioning and reporting information as an example, the information on anti-corruption collected by various localities relying on network technology is actually mixed with many other information. This brings many difficulties to the sorting, screening and further in-depth analysis of information. In the existing local practice, the big data information platform has been established, but the in-depth development and prudent analysis of data in the later stage will be a problem that needs urgent attention and solution in the future.
Fourth, supervise the integration and sharing of the people's livelihood service platform. At present, the practice of various places shows that some of the application platforms of big data technology play a single function, such as the big data platform for reporting and petitioning, the supervision and accountability early warning system, etc. However, there are also some local discipline inspection commissions that try to integrate professional platforms such as discipline inspection and supervision with other local public service platforms for people's livelihood. This is particularly reflected in the application and practice of mass supervision. The integration of the supervision and discipline enforcement function of discipline inspection and supervision with the public service platform can achieve the greatest advantage of information sharing, and at the same time, it can also make it easier for the public to participate in supervision, thus promoting the in-depth development of anti-corruption work. This form of practice has a large space for development in future local practice.
(The author is Associate Professor, School of Politics and Public Administration, China University of Political Science and Law, and Vice President of the National Institute of Supervision, China University of Political Science and Law)