Located in southeastern France, the Principality of Monaco is the second smallest country in the world by territory, only a little larger than the Vatican.
In 1215 Monaco was ruled by colonists from Genoa, Italy. The establishment of the dynasty began in 1297 and became an independent principality in 1338. Invaded by the Spaniards in 1525, Monaco united with france in 1641 to drive out the Spaniards. In 1793 Monaco was incorporated into France. In 1861, France recognized monaco as independent, and its territory was reduced to 1.98 square kilometers.
In 1878, in order to solve the financial crisis, Prince Charles III of Monaco built the Monte Carlo Grand Casino, but the law stipulated that the natives were not allowed to gamble. After the casino was built, Monaco's economy was like a rocket, quickly becoming a rich European country.
In 1919 Monaco and France signed a treaty in which Monaco would be incorporated into France if there were no male heirs. Since then, the princes of Monaco have made the birth of a son a top priority. In 2002, the two sides signed a treaty again, and even if Monaco had no male heir, it was still an independent country, and the Prince of Monaco breathed a long sigh of relief.
In 2018, Monaco's per capita GDP reached $180,000, making it the highest per capita income in the world. This is the history of Monaco.