What Is Anal Cancer?
What is cancer?
Anal cancer is an uncommon malignancy that starts in the anus -- the opening at the end of the rectum.
cancer is a rare malignancy that begins in the anus, an opening at the end of the rectum.
Anal cancer occurs under the dental line as perianal cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma mostly occurs around the anal canal and around the anus. It occurs from the anal canal and perianal squamous epithelium. It is often caused by long-term chronic irritation injury of anal fistula, hemorrhoids, surgical scars, condyloma, suppurative sweating adenitis and latent hair cysts.
cancer occurs below the tooth line for perianal carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma mostly occurs in the canal and around the anus, by the canal and perianal squamous epithelium, often due to fistula, hemorrhoids, surgical scars, genital warts, purulent sweat glanditis and latent hair cysts long-term chronic irritation damage caused.
The American Cancer Society estimates that 8,200 cases of anal cancer will be diagnosed in 2017 and about 1,100 deaths will occur that year from anal cancer.
The American Cancer Society estimates that 8,200 cases of cancer will be diagnosed by 2017, and 1,100 people will die of cancer that same year.
By contrast, some135,730 people are predicted to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the U.S. in 2017, and about 50,260 people are predicted to die of the disease the same year.
In contrast, about 135,730 people in the United States are expected to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2017, and about 50,260 people are expected to die from colorectal cancer in the same year.
Approximately half of all anal cancers are diagnosed before the malignancy has spread beyond the primary site, whereas 13% to 25% are diagnosed after the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, and 10% are diagnosed after the cancer has spread to distant organs, or has metastasized.
About half of cancers are diagnosed before the malignancy spreads to the primary site, while 13 to 25 percent are diagnosed after the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, and 10 percent are diagnosed after the cancer has spread to distant organs or metastasis.
When it is found early, anal cancer is highly treatable.
Upon early detection, cancer is highly treatable.
The overall five-year survival rate following diagnosis of anal cancer is 60% for men and 71% for women.
The 5-year overall survival rate after diagnosis of cancer is 60% for men and 71% for women.
Who Gets Anal Cancer?
Who gets cancer?
Most anal cancers (80%) are diagnosed in people who are over age 60. Prior to age 35, anal cancer is more common in men. However, after age 50, anal cancer is slightly more common in women.
Most cancers (80%) are diagnosed in people over the age of 60. Before the age of 35, cancer is more common in men. However, after age 50, cancer is more common in women.
The incidence rate of anal cancer is six times higher in single men as compared to married men.
Single men have a 6-fold higher incidence of cancer than married men.
Receptive anal intercourse is strongly related to the development of anal cancer.
Receptive anal sex is closely related to the occurrence of anal cancer.
Anal infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) resulting in genital warts is a major risk factor for the cancer.
Genital warts caused by anal infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) are the main risk factors for cancer.
Immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV disease, are prone to get anal cancer. In this subgroup, the prognosis is worse, than for non-immunocompromised patients.
Immunocompromised patients, such as those living with HIV, are predisposed to cancer. In this subgroup, the prognosis was worse than that of non-immunocompromised patients.
Gardasil, one of the HPV vaccines originally approved for the prevention of cervical cancer, is also approved for the prevention of anal cancer in men and women.
Gardasil was one of the original hpillomavirus vaccines approved to prevent cervical cancer and was also approved to prevent anal cancer in both men and women.
What Are the Symptoms of Anal Cancer?
What are the symptoms of cancer?
The most common symptom associated with anal cancer is bleeding.
The most common symptom associated with cancer is bleeding.
Because anal itching can also be a symptom of the cancer, many people initially attribute their bleeding and itching to hemorrhoids. This can delay the diagnosis of anal cancer.
Because itching of the anus can also be a symptom of cancer, many people initially blame hemorrhoids for bleeding and itching. This delays the diagnosis of cancer.
Other signs and symptoms of anal cancer may include:
Other signs and symptoms of cancer may include:
Pain or pressure in the anal area：
Pain or compression in the area
Unusual discharges from the anus
Abnormal discharge
Lump near the anus
Lump near the anus
Change in bowel habits
Changes in stool habits
How Is Anal Cancer Diagnosed?
How is cancer diagnosed?
Anal cancer may be detected during a routine digital rectal exam or during a minor procedure, such as removal of what is believed to be a hemorrhoid.
cancer can be detected in routine digital rectal examinations or minor surgeries, such as removing something that is considered hemorrhoids.
The cancer may also be detected with more invasive procedures such as an anoscopy, proctoscopy, or endorectal ultrasound.
Cancer can also be detected by more invasive procedures, such as irregular microscopy, proctoscopy, or intra-rectal ultrasound.
If cancer is suspected, a biopsy should be done and the specimen examined by a pathologist.
If cancer is suspected, a biopsy should be performed and the specimen examined by a pathologist.
Staging workup may include an abdominal and pelvic CT scan, a pelvic MRI scan to assess the pelvic lymph nodes, a chest x-ray, and liver function studies. PET scans are sometimes performed.
Staging may include CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, pelvic MRI scan to evaluate pelvic lymph nodes, chest X-ray, and liver function studies. Pet scans are sometimes performed.
The main differences between anal cancer and hemorrhoids：
The main differences between cancer and hemorrhoids:
First. Hemorrhoids refer to one or more soft venous masses formed by varicose venous plexus in the bottom of the anus and rectum and the mucosa around the anus. Hemorrhoids occur in people of all ages regardless of age and sex. Rectal cancer is more common in men than in women over 40 years of age.
1. Hemorrhoids refer to one or more soft venous masses formed by varicose plexuses at the bottom of the anorectum and the mucous membrane around the anus. The onset of hemorrhoids can occur in people of any age, regardless of age and sex, and rectal cancer is more likely to occur in people over the age of 40, more men than women.
Second. The most common symptoms of hemorrhoids are that the mass falls out of the anus during defecation, and can be returned by itself after defecation, or pushed back by hand, but not in the late stage; or when defecation is relieved, there are bloodlines or bloodstains on the toilet paper, and sometimes bright-coloured blood drips or sprays into the urinary pool, and in both cases.
2. The most common symptom of hemorrhoids is that the lump comes out of the anus when defecating, and can be returned to the toilet after the stool, or can be pushed back by hand, and cannot be returned in the late stage; or there is blood on the paper when the stool is dissolved, or there is blood on the paper or blood stains, sometimes there are brightly colored blood dripping or sprayed into the urinal, some of the above two conditions.
The last. The effective way to differentiate rectal cancer from hemorrhoids is by means of examination. If you feel that there are some protruding soft granules inside, it is hemorrhoids. If you feel an ulcer with a lump or a central depression on the edge of the intestine, the intestinal cavity becomes very narrow; after examination, blood, concentrated fluid and mucus on the finger cuff should be considered for rectal cancer.
3. The effective way to distinguish between rectal cancer and hemorrhoids is to refer to the examination, if you feel that there are some bulges and soft particles inside, it is hemorrhoids. If you feel a hard lump in the intestine or an ulcer with a central depression on the edge, the intestinal lumen becomes very narrow; after examination, the finger cover is stained with blood, thick liquid, and mucus, and rectal cancer should be considered.
How Is Anal Cancer Treated?
How is cancer treated?
Anal cancer is primarily treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation. Surgery is typically reserved for patients failing the above therapy.
The main treatment for cancer is a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients who fail to pass the above treatment.