Speaking of the "death-taking organ", the fire fighter Shu Huang thought of the hidden mechanism in the ancient tomb of the martial arts novel, and coldly shot a poisonous arrow to kill people. In fact, a high-rise building on fire is like a trap with heavy mechanisms, and firefighters will encounter various hidden weapons after rushing into the fire. So what are the "hidden weapons"?
1 glass
The height of high-rise buildings is generally relatively high, and the glass is thick and heavy, which is more dangerous than the glass of general buildings. In a fire, broken glass can hurt people downstairs or firefighters who are putting out fires.
2 Collapse
In fires, floors, walls, ceilings and suspended ceilings are prone to deformation, flaking or collapse. The collapse of building structures is another major cause of firefighter casualties.
floor
The enormous heat generated during a fire can cause floor slabs to bend, burst and protrude. Such an area could collapse at any time, injuring firefighters.
wall
Walls rarely collapse completely, and in most cases the wall finishes and wall parts (cement, sand) peel off. If the flame spreads from one window to another along the exterior wall of the building, heating the wall from the front, the granite slabs embedded in the wall are prone to peel off and fall onto the sidewalk, causing casualties among firefighters and the masses.
ceiling
The heat generated in the fire can cause the concrete structure of the ceiling to lose water, expand the aggregate and cause the cement to peel off. During a fire at the Empire State Building in New York, the ceiling peeled off and large chunks of cement hit firefighters who were putting out the fire, seriously injuring firefighters.
3 stuffy tops
For the space between the suspended ceiling and the floor slab, we call it the stuffy roof. It is commonly used to place ventilation ducts and cables in central air conditioning systems. When the fire extends to the muffled peak, it ignites these flammable end-of-edge materials, and the flame propagates along the ventilation pipe, so that the fire spreads rapidly in the muffled ceiling. After a burned-out ceiling collapses, it may trap firefighters inside.
4-storey layout
With the development of multifunctionality of high-rise buildings, their structures have become more and more complex. Huge atriums, promenades, bag-shaped corridors and complex room layouts have emerged. Firefighters entering such fire sites are often trapped in the fire field due to disorientation.
Bag-shaped corridor
For a corridor that is closed at one end and has only one road leading to the exit, we call it a bag corridor. As firefighters move through the smoke-filled bag-shaped corridors, they are likely to miss the door leading to the exit and get stuck at the enclosed end.
Room group
In dark or smoke-filled environments, firefighters can get lost because of the complexity of the room layout.
5 shafts
In high-rise buildings, there are many large shafts, such as elevator shafts, luggage and mail passages, smoke wells, garbage dumps, multi-purpose cables and pipe wells. Generally speaking, such shafts will extend to 20 to 30 floors high. Although they have some safety protections, such as railings, plaster walls, automatic doors, and trapdoors, in the event of a fire, these safety measures are highly vulnerable to destruction and failure, and firefighters may die by falling into these shafts in dark or smokey environments.
6 hot
In high-rise building fires, a high temperature enclosed environment can cause some degree of harm to firefighters. While protective gear protects firefighters from smoke and fire, these gear prevent the dissipation of body heat, causing more and more heat in the body. At the same time, because these equipment is very clumsy, it often accelerates the accumulation of heat. Therefore, in the fire fighting of high-rise buildings, people are often exhausted and even faint.
7 smoke
In recent years, the interior furnishings and decoration materials of high-rise civil and commercial buildings are mostly combustible or flammable items, and the flammable and combustible materials used and stored in comprehensive high-rise buildings are more flammable and combustible, and their fire load is very large, and the stairwells, pipeline wells, cable wells, exhaust pipe wells, exhaust pipes, garbage channels and other vertical pipe wells in the building, just like chimneys, are an important way to burn rapidly and spread and expand; coupled with the influence of air pressure and wind speed, the fire is more violent, spreads more rapidly, and it is very easy to make the whole building form a three-dimensional fire field, "wind helps the fire." Fire borrows wind and power", especially in high-rise buildings. These not only bring great obstruction to the rescue of firefighters, but also become a "hidden weapon" to hurt firefighters.
It can be seen that we should learn to save ourselves, especially in the early stage of a fire, self-help is the most effective way to save lives.
Self-help method for high-rise building fires
Wear: High temperatures and smoke occur in the event of a fire, and it is important to wear protective eyepieces. This protects the eyes from burning and irritating gases.
Second cover: a large amount of toxic smoke will be generated when a fire occurs, and covering the mouth and nose with wet masks, wet towels and other items is an important measure to prevent inhalation damage.
Three holds: When a fire breaks out, be resourceful to escape. When passing through areas of intense flames, be sure to hold your breath temporarily, which is also a measure to avoid lung damage caused by inhalation of toxic gases.
Four wraps: When a fire occurs, the body can be covered with water-soaked clothing quilts, blankets, etc., which can effectively prevent "ignition of fire".
Five lows: When a fire occurs, a large amount of toxic gases will be generated, mostly spreading from bottom to top, so it should be taken in a low posture and flee down along the fire passage.
Six hiding: When a fire occurs, due to the restrictions of the fire site, you cannot leave the place where the fire occurred, and you should choose a relatively safe place such as a washroom or balcony with water windows to avoid and wait for rescue.