The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), located in the north of Asia, borders the Arctic Ocean to the north, with an area of 3,103,200 square kilometers. It is now the largest administrative region in Russia and the largest provincial-level administrative region in the world. The capital is Yakutsk. Occupied by Russia in the 18th century, this place has a history of Cossack explorers on the banks of the Lena River in the first 25 years of the 17th century. Subsequently, wintering places and castles built by the Russians (Yakutsk, Zhihansk, Kautyansk, Zahiversk, and Middle Koremsk) became outposts for Tsarist russia towards northeastern Asia, the Far East, and northwestern America. In 1632, the Russians built yakutsk castle on the right bank of the Lena River, which was the basis for the later city of Yakutsk, the capital of the present-day Sakha Republic (Yakutia). In that year Yakutia was incorporated into Tsarist Russia.
The Yakuts, who live in the sakha (Yakutia) Republic, belong to the Siberian type of yellow race, look similar to Chinese species, and are the second largest yellow species in the world after China. In the late 20th century, there were about 380,000 people, speaking Yakutia, which is divided into various dialects, belonging to the Altaic Turkic language family.
The Yakuts were originally shamanic, and after the conquest of the Russian Empire in the 18th century, most converted to Orthodox Christianity, but a small number still adhered to their original shamanistic beliefs. The early history of the Yakuts is rarely passed down, but their narrative poetry dates back to the 10th century AD.
Historians believe that the Yakuts originated in the Baikal area, and in the Middle Ages (10th century), in order to prevent the Buryats from moving north to the Arctic Circle to the Lena River, the Aldan River, the Vilyui River and the Yakutia Republic, which is also the coldest place in the world, Vikoyansk (the temperature can drop to -60 degrees Celsius in winter), they have 80 tribes, and each tribe has many clans. Subsequently, the Yakuts expelled most of the Tunguska and fused a part of the Evenk with the Evans, who were descendants of the Gaoche people in Chinese history.
When it comes to gao cheren, today's Chinese will think of the famous "Song of Shule": Shule River, under the Yin Mountain. The sky is like a vault, and the cage covers the four fields. The sky is clear and the wilderness is vast. Wind blowing grass low to see cattle and sheep. This song was sung by Huo Lujin, a member of the Shule people, and in Chinese historical records, Shule and Gaoche are a nation. The New Book of Tang and the Tale of the Uighurs: "Hui, its predecessor Xiongnu also, used to ride high-wheeled vehicles, and the Yuan Wei Dynasty was also called the High Car Department, or Shu le... Its tribes are Known as Yuan Qi, Xue Yantuo, QiFu Yu, Du Bo, Bone Li Gan... Where there are five kinds of ten, they are scattered in the north of the moraine. ”
The ancestors of the Yakuts came from one of the Sul tribe, the Kölikan, who lived from the Angara River to the south of Lake Baikal, where there was almost no sunset in the summer and good horses. In 647, Bone Li sent envoys to sacrifice horses, and Tang used his land as Xuanque Prefecture. Later, part of the Kōrigan was integrated into the Uighur Khaganate, and the other part became the Yakuts.
In the "Tang Huijiao", it is said: "The bone ligan is located in the north of the Han sea in the north." The two of them live together. Four thousand five hundred victorious soldiers. Mouth more than 10,000 people. Grass lily. The land is famous for horses. Its country is bordered by the Sea of Ice to the north. The days are long and the sunsets are short. Days out. It was getting dark. Cook a lamb blade until it is cooked. And the East has dawned. Cover recently out of the place also. Zhenguan twenty-one years of the first month attached. "Meaning, there is a country in the north called Bone Ligan, with a population of more than 10,000. The country is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north. The sun went down, the afterglow was still there, a lamb shoulder was cooked, and the sun came out again. This country was annexed to the Tang Dynasty within twenty-one years of Zhenguan.
Xuanque Prefecture was the northernmost state of the Tang Dynasty, where the polar diurnal phenomenon could be seen. Old Book of Tang And Astronomical Chronicles: "In the north, its land is only fifteen degrees, it is faint in the west of the Haizhi, and it is seen in the east of the ugly in the morning, and it is pushed by the number of people, and it is already in the north of Huiyi, and it is 9,810 miles south of Luoyang, then the long day of May, its sunset is always bright, but the bone is still in the south." This means that the sun is 15 degrees high, the dusk is in the west, the morning is in the east, and if it is calculated in miles, it has reached the north side of Huiyi, and it is estimated that it is 9810 miles away from Luoyang. In May, there are no nights. The bone dried should be a little to the south of it.
The "Youyang Miscellaneous Tricks" says that the horses of the Bone Ligan tribute to the Tang Dynasty were very good, "the Bone Li Gan State offered a hundred horses, ten You Jun, and the name was made on it." The Book of Tang also refers to Bone Ligan as "Bone Li", and its land was renamed Yuwu Prefecture in Longshuozhong (661-663 AD), which belonged to the Governor of Hanhai.
The Yakuts were known for producing iron because they attributed supernatural power to blacksmiths, believing that the skills of blacksmiths were divinely gifted. But they also made pottery, which is unique in the history of the Siberian tribes. Initially, they raised only horses and cattle, and later reindeer farming was introduced from the Evenks.
The Arctic climate is harsh, the Yakuts have always lived a nomadic life, because livestock have to stay in the pen for most of the year to feed, river and lake fishing has become their second most important economic activity, and some handicrafts have been developed and passed on, such as ivory carving, engraving, gem making and so on.
The existence of hundreds of thousands of yellow species by the Yakuts can at least provide a reference for people today to study the origin of ethnic minorities and the color of the ethnic minorities in northern China, such as what the original skin color of Gaoche or Shule was, whether they were a people with the same Ding Zero, and what kind of relationship they had with the Turks.