Let the artifacts speak,
Let history speak,
Let the cultural relics enter the public,
Let the public perceive the history and culture.
Editor's Note:
Lanzhou, known as Jincheng in ancient times, is a Key Silk Road place that "controls the main thrust and connects the Western Regions", and is a witness to the process of the Chinese nation's pluralism and integration, with a rich history and culture and rich cultural relics. In order to further implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's instructions on the protection of cultural relics, the spirit of the instructions and the major decisions on ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, the Lanzhou Cultural Relics Protection Center edited the "Treasures of the Golden City" series of pictures and texts, and strived to better present the cultural relics that carry civilization and witness history to everyone, let the cultural relics enter the public, let the cultural relics "come alive", publicize and promote Lanzhou's cultural relics resources, disseminate the scientific ideological and cultural values contained in the cultural relics, and inherit and carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Yellow River. We look forward to cultivating the connotation of public culture, cultivating the feelings of home and country, enhancing cultural self-confidence, and promoting the in-depth integration of culture and tourism and the comprehensive modernization of our city.
No.1 Lanzhou History and Cultural Relics
Lanzhou, known as Jincheng in ancient times, is the capital of Gansu Province, an important industrial base in northwest China, a comprehensive transportation hub and an important node city in the Silk Road Economic Belt. It is located in the transition zone from the Loess Plateau to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, with an altitude of between 1450 and 2500 meters, and belongs to the temperate continental climate. It is distributed in the Yellow River, Datong River, Huangshui River, Zhuanglang River, Agan River, Yuanchuan River and other river systems, showing the landforms of Liang, Ya and Hills and rivers, valleys and gorges. The total area is 13,100 square kilometers, the urban area is 1,631.6 square kilometers, and the permanent population of the city is about 4.36 million people, with 56 ethnic groups living in the city. This land nourishes a long historical civilization, gives birth to the inclusive, open and enterprising Yellow River spirit of "integrating hundreds of streams, not returning, and persevering", and also leaves behind a rich historical and cultural heritage created by the ancestors.
Cultural relics, carrying civilization, condensing spirit, witnessing history.
In the Neolithic Era, the ancestors of Lanzhou region have created a splendid faience culture. In Lanzhou, a number of ancient sites of Majiayao culture and Qijia culture dating from about 5300 to 3800 years have been found in Lanzhou, and a large number of colorful pottery with diverse vessel types, rich ornamentation and brilliant colors have been excavated.
Ancient ruins on the western slope of Qilihe District
Hongshan Daping Ancient Ruins in Honggu District
Jinya Town, Yuzhong County, unearthed a swirling pottery pot with a human face vessel mouth
Yingpanling in Chengguan District unearthed a swirling serrated amphora pottery urn
Faience pottery drums were unearthed from Leshanping in Yongdeng County
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Lanzhou belonged to the land of Qiangrong, and the cultural relics of this period included Xindian culture and Shajing culture, and the local cultural types were distinctive.
In the thirty-third year of Qin Shi Huang (214 BC), Qin set up Yuzhong County in Lanzhou (the county rule was in the area of Donggang Town, Chengguan District), and the area south of the Yellow River in Lanzhou began to enter the Qin Dynasty's version; in the second year of the Han Dynasty 's Yuan Hunt (121 BC), Huo went ill to attack the Xiongnu in the west, and the area north of the Yellow River in Lanzhou was included in the territory of the Han Dynasty; Fulongping in Chengguan District unearthed Eastern Han ink paper, Yongdeng County Chengguan Town General Shan Han Tomb unearthed glazed pottery pots, donkey machines and other precious cultural relics, Yongdeng County left a large number of Han Great Wall ruins, It shows that during the Qin and Han dynasties, the Lanzhou area was already the border area of the Central Plains Dynasty, and the politics, economy, society and culture of the Central Plains and Lanzhou were further integrated.
Yongdeng County Zhongbao Town Han Great Wall
Eastern Han Ink Paper was unearthed from Fulongping, Chengguan District
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were frequent wars and social unrest, and Lanzhou was successively divided by Former Liang, Former Qin, Later Liang, Southern Liang, Later Qin, and Western Qin, among which, The capital of Western Qin was in Lanzhou, lanzhou was the northwestern powerhouse, and all ethnic groups were further integrated. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Lanzhou was an important commercial port of the Silk Road, with endless streams of merchants and tourists, economic and social prosperity, Tang Xuanzang went west to Tianzhu through Lanzhou, Central Asian Hu merchants were active in Lanzhou commercial trade, Tang Puzhao Temple, Jiafu Temple, Zhuangyan Temple were famous, and the Tang Sarcophagus Tomb in Yuzhong County and the ruins of Qingshijin Ancient Ferry Port in Xigu District could also confirm the development of Lanzhou society. By the first year of Emperor Guangde of the Tang Dynasty (763 AD), Tubo occupied Lanzhou, and the Han and ethnic minorities in the northwest were further integrated.
In the Song Dynasty, Lanzhou was an important "tea and horse mutual market" place of the Song Dynasty, and it was also a place where the Western Xia, Jin, and Song regimes repeatedly competed, and social development was affected, but the Five Springs Mountain Jintai and Tiezhong were enough to show that Lanzhou's metallurgical technology was relatively developed at that time.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Ming Dynasty moved to Lanzhou, Lanzhou's urban construction and economic culture developed rapidly, the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1666 AD) analyzed Shaanxi Province to Gansu Province, Lanzhou became the capital of Gansu Province, Qianlong Twenty-ninth Year (1764) Shaanxi and Gansu Governor moved from Xi'an to Lanzhou, Lanzhou became a strategic place for the state to operate the Great Northwest and northwest land thoroughfare. A large number of religious, cultural, educational, garden, residential buildings such as the Lanzhou Yellow River Water Wheel, the Golden Heaven Temple, the Lanzhou Fucheng God Temple, the Gansu Juyuan, the Qingcheng Academy, and the Wuquan Mountain Ancient Building Complex have been left to this day, which fully reflect the development of the feudal agricultural economy, urban construction, culture and education in Lanzhou in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The former site of the Lu Tusi Yamen and the Hongcheng Thanksgiving Temple reflect the toast system of the Central Government of the Ming Dynasty over the country's remote areas. The Lanzhou Yellow River Iron Bridge witnessed the change of Lanzhou to modern civilization in the late Qing Dynasty.
Lu Tusi Yamen complex
Tomb of King Mingsu
Xiachuan Yellow River waterwheel
Gansu lifted the court to the public court
Lanzhou Yellow River Iron Bridge
In the era of the Republic of China, the Kuomintang warlords ruled, Lanzhou developed in a hurry, the Communist Party of China established the Gansu Special Branch of the Communist Party of China in Lanzhou, and the Lanzhou Special Branch led the people of Lanzhou to carry out arduous and extremely arduous struggles, especially during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937-1945), the establishment of the Eighth Route Army office in Gansu, which further promoted the lanzhou revolution, and in 1949, Peng Dehuai commanded the Northwest Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army to liberate Lanzhou, Lanzhou won a new life, Yingpanling, Doujiashan, Shenjialing and other Lanzhou Battle sites record that period of blood.
Former residence of Zhang Yiwu
The former site of jiuquan road of the memorial hall of the Lanzhou office of the Eighth Route Army
Lanzhou Battle Camp Panling Ruins
After the founding of New China, Lanzhou was identified by the state as one of the key industrial bases in the country, during the "First Five-Year Plan", "Second Five-Year Plan" and "Third Line Construction", the layout and construction of a number of large and medium-sized enterprises such as the Lanzhou Oil Refinery of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry of china, Lanzhou Petrochemical Machinery Factory, which are known as the eldest sons of the Republic, created many "China's first" and "China's most" in the industrial field of the Republic, and became an important petrochemical base, a biopharmaceutical base and an equipment manufacturing base of the country. The industrial heritage of Lanlian Lanhua in Xigu District and Wanli Factory in Anning District remembers the brilliance of Lanzhou, the pearl of the Yellow River, during that period. After the reform and opening up, Lanzhou continued to develop vigorously, and achieved achievements that attracted the world's attention in politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology, agriculture and other aspects.
The former site of the state-owned Wanli Machinery Power Plant
The former site and machinery and equipment of the state-owned Wanli Machinery Power Plant
Introduction of large water conservancy projects into Qin
The large number of cultural relics left over from the evolution of civilization are our precious spiritual wealth today. Up to now, Lanzhou has found a total of 861 cultural relics of various types, including 458 ancient ruins, 204 ancient buildings, 67 ancient tombs, 111 important historical sites and representative buildings in modern and modern times, 15 cave temples and stone carvings, and 6 others. At present, there are 10 national key cultural relics protection units, 40 provincial-level cultural relics protection units, and 109 city-level and county-level cultural relics protection units. There are 29 museums (memorial halls) in Lanzhou that are included in the list of museums in the province, of which 21 are Chinese museums (10 museums directly under the cultural departments of cities, counties and districts; 11 are industry museums), and 8 are non-state-owned museums. The museums and memorial halls directly under the cultural departments of the city, county and district have a total of 18,987 collections, 105 first-class products, 225 second-class products, and 1,141 third-class products. There are four famous Chinese historical and cultural towns in Lanzhou, namely Liancheng, Qingcheng, Jinya and Hongcheng, and there are four traditional Chinese villages in Qingcheng Town, Chenghe Village, Liancheng Village, Hekou Village in Hekou Town, and Yongfeng Village in Jinya Town, and Hekou Village is a famous historical and cultural village in China.
China's famous historical and cultural town - Qingcheng Ancient Town
Today, in the comprehensive construction of socialist modernization, Lanzhou's large number of cultural relics and treasures will continue to provide us with spiritual strength. Protect and inherit the Yellow River culture and make Lanzhou's tomorrow better.
The pearl of the Yellow River, an important town on the Silk Road
Source | Lanzhou Cultural Tourism