The prefectural military system is a military system that originates from the Xianbei tribe that combines production and combat, similar to the later Ming Dynasty Weishou system and the Qing Dynasty Eight Banners military system, and there is not much difference between the Tuntian Army in the Han Dynasty!
The essence is the military household system that integrates production and combat.
(Fu Bing is the Production and Construction Corps)
The earliest documentary record of the prefectural military system comes from the Book of Wei
"It is established that in Zhongshan, more than 100,000 families of officials and apprentices, and more than 100,000 families of skill, each of them will be given cattle to cultivate, and the land will be dictated. At the beginning of Tianxing, the formulation of Jingyi, east to Dai County, west and Shanwu, Antarctic Yinguan, north of the united, for the field of Kiuchi; its outer four-dimensional four-dimensional eight marshals to supervise, persuade lessons to farming, measure school income, think that the temple is the most. ”
The meaning is also very simple, that is, the government gives the military households the means of production, as well as the means of production and land, which is the treatment for them, and the corresponding responsibility is to fight for the country!
It is the main way to teach fields in the Juntian system!
Therefore, the prefectural military system is a special period military system that complements the Junda system!
(Sui and Tang Dynasties Military System And Northern Wei)
And the size of their military system in the Tang Dynasty is also clearly stipulated, such as the Tang Dynasty Fu soldiers are based on the Folding Chong Province as a unit, a Folding Chong Province soldiers range from 800-1200 people, the collection of large armies according to the number of Folding Chong Province troops want to be added to the comprehensive calculation of the strength!
However, such a military system actually has advantages and disadvantages.
The advantage is that raising soldiers basically does not cost the state any money, the management of the army is more convenient, and there will be no phenomenon of self-respect for the army.
The disadvantages are also obvious, because it belongs to the semi-employment system, so whether the army training or cooperation is good, it is limited by the relationship between the Folding Chong Province and the connection is not close enough, and the organization is low!
Therefore, the two problems of coordinated operations and generals leading morale are the key problems in the victory or defeat of battles under the prefectural military system.
The prefectural military system is actually a product of the era when the Xianbei tribal military system changed from nomadic to agricultural methods.
Its most popular period was the Sui and Tang dynasties.
The reason is also very simple, at that time, the north was in chaos, the war situation was continuous, and there were large areas of unowned land that could be distributed by the economic base of the prefectural military system! Therefore, in the early Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, the army formed by the prefectural military system was still very effective.
(Combat effectiveness comes from the countless wealth of the Tang Dynasty's expansion period)
Because there is land to divide, there are battle achievements to take, and the soldiers feel that they have a head!
In the early tang dynasty, the Tang Empire's continuous expansion of territory was the embodiment of the superiority of this system!
For the early Tang Dynasty, the prefectural military system should be the most cost-effective recruitment system, the state does not have to pay for the land that has no owner to give the military households to maintain a large army, and the combat effectiveness of this army is still leveraged, because they are favored by the state.
This is one of them,
Second,
Following the battle has military merit, military merit and new fields, which is a practical interest!
As a result, countless soldiers were extremely excited when they heard that the Tang Dynasty was going to fight or go on an expedition, and the purpose was still driven by interests!
And all this became a false proposition after the continuous development and strength of the Tang Dynasty's economy!
The beneficiaries of the original prefectural military system, the earliest prefectural soldiers became the landlord class, their fighting enthusiasm decreased with the increase of wealth, and the comfortable life made them lose their martial courage!
The backward soldiers had no new impetus because of the reduction of farmland.
(The fall of the soldiers of the government, the temperance of the time came into being)
The continuous deepening of land annexation has destroyed the basic juntian system of the prefectural military system!
The prefectural military system has thus become a false proposition, just like the military household system of the later Ming Dynasty, which has become a peasant household from a warrior in the trend of history!
There is no interest driven, no new heaven and earth can be divided equally, and the prefectural military system has become a passing cloud!
In its place, the implementation of the conscription system was taken over, and the Tang Dynasty left a hidden danger of extinction because of the conscription system.
That is, the prevalence of the system of moderation, and finally the tail is too big to fall, becoming a stubborn disease of the empire!
It can be said that the prefectural military system followed the rise of the Tang Dynasty all the way, and finally declined in the peak of the Tang Dynasty, and was replaced by the emerging conscription system. This should be regarded as the inevitable result of economic development, and the absolute common denominator never existed.
At the end of the day, it's human nature!
(The Tang Dynasty finally declined at the end of the town)