"Shi Ji", one of the twenty-four histories, originally known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu" or "Tai Shi Gong Ji" and "Tai Shi Ji", is a ji chuan style history book written by the Western Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian, the first general history of ji chuan style in Chinese history, recording a total of more than 3,000 years from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to the four years of the first four years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the disciples of Jonny</h1>
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Confucius said, "There are seven out of seventy who have received karmic attainments", all of whom are men of extraordinary ability. Virtue: Yan Yuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, Zhonggong. Political affairs: Ran You, Ji Lu. Words: Kill me, Zigong. Literature: Ziyou, Zixia. Shi also dispelled the evil spirits. ], Samye Lu, Chai Ya Yu, Yu Ya 喭 [喭: 刚勐, 卤莽. ], the return is also empty, the gift is not destined and the goods are multiplied, billion [billion: speculation. ] is repeated.
Confucius's strict affairs: Yu Zhou Ze Laozi; Yu Wei, Yu Boyu; Yu Qi, Yan Pingzhong; Yu Chu, Lao Laizi; Yu Zheng, ZiChan; Yu Lu, Meng Gongqiu. Several are called Zang Wenzhong, Liu Xiahui, Tong Yan Bohua, Jieshan Ziran, Confucius are all descendants, not the same.
Yan Hui, Lu Ren ye, Zi Yuan. The young Confucius was thirty years old.
Yan Yuan asked Ren, Confucius said: "Self-denial and retribution, the world belongs to benevolence." ”
Confucius said, "Xianya Huiya! 箪 [箪:Ancient bamboo utensils used to hold meals.] Food, a scoop of drink, in the dark alley, people are overwhelmed, and they will not change their pleasures. "It is like foolishness to return; it is enough to withdraw and save one's own selfishness, and it is not foolish to return." "If you use it, you can do it, and if you give it up, you can hide it, and I am a husband with Er!"
At the age of twenty-nine, he turned white and died. Confucius wept and mourned, saying, "Since I have returned, the doormen are beneficial." Lu Aigong asked, "Who are the disciples to study?" Confucius said to him: "Those who have a face are eager to learn, do not move their anger, and do not pass the test." Unfortunately, he died short-lived, and now he is also dead. ”
Min lost character Zi Qian. Confucius was fifteen years old.
Confucius said, "Filial piety Min Zi Qian! People are not the same as their parents Kundi [Kundi: Brother. Words. "Don't be a doctor, don't eat the filthy king's lu." If there is any restoration of me, he will be in Wenshang. ”
Ran Gengzi Bo Niu. Confucius thought there was virtue.
Bo Niu had a bad disease, Confucius asked him, and said to himself: The window. Holding his hand, he said, "Fate! The Slovak people also have scurried, fateful! ”
Ran Yong character zhong bow.
When Zhonggong asked about the government, Confucius said: "When you go out, you will see the guests, and the people will be like a great sacrifice." No complaints in the state, no complaints at home. ”
Confucius used the middle bow as a virtue, saying: "Yong can also make the south [south: refers to the governance of princely states." 】。 ”
Father of the Middle Bow, ***. Confucius said: "Plough cattle [plough cattle: cattle with variegated hair cannot be used for sacrifice, but can only be used to cultivate land." The son of the son of The Horn and the Horn [Horn: Refers to the horn growing Zhou Zheng. Although you want to use it, the mountains and rivers are abandoned? ”
Ran Qiuzi has a character, and Confucius is twenty-nine years old. For Ji ShiZai.
Ji Kangzi asked Confucius, "Ran Qiu Renhu?" "A thousand rooms, a hundred multipliers [multiplying: refers to the chariots of the Spring and Autumn Period." The house, asking can also make it endowed. Ren Zewu did not know also. He asked, "Zilu Renhu?" Confucius said, "If you ask." ”
Ask, "What did you do?" Zi Yue: "Yes." Zilu asked, "What did Wen Si do?" The son said: "There is a father and brother, so how well they are!" "Zihua weird," dare to ask the same and answer differently? Confucius said, "If you ask for it, you will retreat, so you will enter it." From also a person, so withdraw from it. ”
Zhongyu Zi Road, Bian Ren also. The young Confucius was nine years old.
Zilu despises, is brave, zhizhi straight, crowned rooster, pei pig [pig: boar. The ancients wore the image of the pig to show bravery. ], Tomb Storm Confucius. Confucius set up a ceremony to tempt the Zi Lu slightly, and after the Zi Lu Confucian obedience was entrusted, because the disciples were invited to be disciples.
Zi Lu asked the government, Confucius said: "First, labor." "Please benefit. A: "Tireless. ”
ZiLu asked, "Gentleman shang yonghu?" Confucius said, "Righteousness is supreme." A gentleman is brave but unrighteous is chaotic, and a villain is brave but unrighteous is a thief. ”
The sub-road has heard, but it cannot be done, lest it be heard.
Confucius said: "A piece of speech can break the prisoner, and its origin is also related to it!" "Yu is brave enough to beat me, and there is nothing to learn." "If it is also true, it must not be dead." "Robes: Robes: Robes made of messy linen. Refers to shoddy winter coats. The one who stands with the fox and is not ashamed, and its origin is also with! "Yuya ascended to the hall, not in the room also."
Ji Yasuko asked, "Naka Yu Renhu?" Confucius said, "The kingdom of a thousand multiplications can make it rich, but it does not know its benevolence." ”
Zilu Xi from the tour, encounter long depression, drowning, lotus < life strange characters (艹 stripe) up and down the structure of the > Zhangren.
Zilu was Ji Shizai, and JiSun asked, "Zilu can be described as a minister and a minister." Confucius said, "It can be described as a subject." ”
Zi Lu is Pu Dafu, resigned from Confucius. Confucius said, "Pu duo is a strong man, but it is difficult to cure." Ranwu Yuru: Respectful, you can be brave, and you can be more lenient than the crowd [compared to the crowd: make the crowd intimate. Gongzheng is quiet and can be reported. ”
At the beginning, Wei Linggong had a favorite, Ji Nanzi. Prince Linggong was able to overcome Nanzi and was afraid to run away. and LingGong and Lady wanted to set up Gongzi Yin. Yin refused, saying, "The son of the prince of the dead is here." "So Wei Li became a king, for the sake of public service." Twelve years after leaving the public office, his father was not allowed to enter the house. Zilu is the Wei Dafu Kong WuZhi Yi Zai. Huan Yunai rebelled with Kong Wu and plotted to enter Kong Wu's house, so he attacked and attacked Gong with his disciples. Out of the Gong Ben Lu, and Bao Yun into the Standing, is for the Duke of Zhuang. Fang Kong was in turmoil, and the sub-road was outside, smelling it and rushing towards it. When the Lamb of the Encounter comes out of the gate of the city, he says to the Son: "When you go out of the public and go to the gate, and the door is closed, the Son can return it, and there is no room to suffer from it." Zi Lu said: "Those who eat their food do not avoid their difficulties." "The Lamb goes. An emissary entered the city, the gates of the city were opened, and the sub-roads followed. Make a gourd, and Kong Yun and Kong Wu take the stage. Zi Lu said, "Jun Yan uses Kong Wu?" Please kill it. "Listen. Therefore, the sub-road wanted to burn the platform, and the gourd was afraid, but he attacked the sub-road under the stone beggar and the pot, and broke the wisp of the sub-road. Zi Lu said: "A gentleman dies and the crown is inevitable." "He died of knots."
Confucius heard the chaos and said, "Oh, by death!" "Death is already the fruit." Therefore, Confucius said: "I have my own reasons, and evil words are not heard in my ears." "It was Shi Zigong who made Yu Qi an envoy to Lu.
Zaiyu word me. Sharp arguments. Having been employed, he asked, "How long has it been three years of mourning?" If a gentleman does not do it for three years, the etiquette will be bad; if he does not enjoy it for three years, he will collapse. The old valley is neither there, the new valley is rising, and the drilling flint is changed to fire [drilling flint to fire: In ancient times, wood was drilled for fire, and different wood was used according to different seasons. ], the period can be over. Zi Yue: "Yu Ru'anhu?" "Ann." Ru'an did it. Gentlemen live in mourning, eat unwillingly, and smell pleasures, so They are also happy. Slaughter me out, the son said: "Give it is not benevolent!" The child is born for three years and then is freed from the arms of his parents. The three-year mourning of the husband, the universal righteousness. ”
Zaiyu day sleep. Zi Yue: "Rotten wood cannot be carved, and the wall of dung cannot be carved [圬: Wipe the wall. Also. ”
Zai I asked the virtue of the Five Emperors, and the son said, "Give to the non-human beings." ”
Slaughtering me as a doctor of Linjing and rebelling with Tian Chang [Rebellion with Tian Chang: The Zuo Zhuan records that it was Kan Zhi who was killed during Tian Chengzi's rebellion, and his character is also Zi I. Sima Qian may have mistaken him for Zaiyu. ], yiqi tribe, Confucius shamed.
Duan Mu Ci, Wei Ren, Zi Gong. Confucius was thirty-one years old.
Zi Gongli spoke cleverly, and Confucius often deposed him. Asked, "Which is the cure for Ru or Hui?" "How dare you look back!" Back also smell one to know ten, give also smell one to know two. ”
Zigong, having already received his karma, asked, "Who is it to give?" Confucius said, "Ru ware also." "What instrument?" "Hu Lian also." ”
Chen Ziyao asked Zi Gongyue, "Zhongni Yanxue?" Zi Gong Yue: "The way of literature and martial arts has not fallen to the ground, in people, the sages know their greatness, and the unwise know their small ones, and there is no way of literature and martial arts." The master does not learn [not learning: refers to learning everywhere. And what a constant teacher! He also asked, "Confucius is a country that must hear his government." Ask for it? Or with it? Zi Gong Yue: "The master is gentle and frugal and lets him get it." What the Master wants is also what he wants, and what he wants is different from what others want. ”
Zigong asked, "Rich but not arrogant, poor and unsympathetic, how is it?" Confucius said, "But also; it is better to be poor and happy, and to be rich and courteous." ”
Tian Chang wanted to cause chaos in Qi, and was afraid of Gao, Guo, Bao, and Yan, so he moved his troops to valu. Confucius heard this and said to his disciples: "Fulu, where the grave is, the country of the parents, the danger of the country, what is the second and third son?" "Zi Lu please come out, Confucius stops." Zi Zhang, Zi Shi please go, Confucius Fu Xu. Zigong please do it, Confucius promised it.
Sui Xing, zhi Qi, said Tian Chang yue: "Junzhi Valu has passed." Fulu, the country of difficulty, its city is thin and humble, and its land is narrow to vent [its land is narrow to leak: "Yue Zhi Shu" and "Wu Yue Chunqiu" are written as "its pond is narrow and shallow". His kings are foolish and unkind, his ministers are false and useless, and his soldiers are evil armored soldiers [armor: armor and weapons. Borrowed to refer to war. This is not to be fought. It is better to cut down Wu. Fu Wu, the city is thick and thick, the earth is wide and deep, the armor is strong and new, the soldiers are full, and the heavy weapon [heavy weapon: treasure weapon.] A metaphor for valuable talent. The elite soldiers are in it, and the Ming Doctor is guarded, and this is easy to cut. Tian Chang said indignantly: "What is difficult for the Son is easy for man; what is easy for the Son is difficult for man: and what is difficult for teaching is always the same?" Zi Gong Yue: "The subject hears that those who are worried about the inside attack the strong, and those who are worried about the outside attack the weak." Now the king is worried. I have heard that the king has three seals and three failures, and the ministers have those who do not listen. Now the king breaks the lu with the broad qi, defeats the proud lord, and breaks the country with honor, and the king's merits do not coincide, and the day is neglected by the lord. It is the king who prides himself on the lord's heart, and the subordinates who want to achieve great things, and it is difficult. The husband is arrogant and arrogant, and the subject is proud, but the king and the lord have [but: the same "gap", figuratively the emotional crack. ], the next and the minister also quarreled. In this way, the king will stand in danger. Therefore, it is better to cut Down Wu. The people are invincible, the people die outside, the ministers are empty inside, there is no enemy of the strong ministers in the king, there is no fault of the people under the people, and the only one who is alone in the lord is the king. Tian Changyue: "Goodness." Although, my soldiers have already added to The Road, go to Wu, the minister doubts me, why not? Zi Gong Yue: "The king did not cut down the soldiers, and the subjects asked the envoys to the king of Wu, and lingzhi saved Lu and cut them down, and the king greeted him with soldiers." "Tian Chang Xuzhi, so that Zi Gongnan saw King Wu."
It is said: "The subject hears of it, the king is endless, the overlord has no strong enemy, and the weight of a thousand juns is added to two baht [baht two: one baht one or two." By extension, it is an extremely light weight. and move. Now with the Unity of Ten Thousand Multipliers and the Private Thousand Multipliers of Lu, he contended with Wu qiang and stole the king's danger. And the husband saves Lu, the name is also; Vaqi, Dali is also. To soothe the princes of Si, to curse the tyrannical Qi to serve the strong Jin, Li Mo da Yan. The name survives, but the real is strong. The wise man does not doubt it either. Wu Wangyue: "Goodness." Although, I tasted the Vietnam War, the perch will be audited. The Yue King has a hard time raising a soldier, and he has a heart for me. The Son waits for me to cut over and listen to the Son. Zi Gong Yue: "The strength of yue is not lu, wu is not strong enough, and the king is qi and the yue is cut, then Qi has been flat Lu." And Wang Fang is in the name of survival and survival, and he is afraid of Qiangqi and not Yongye. The brave do not seek refuge, the benevolent do not impoverish, the wise do not lose time, and the king does not cease to live, so as to establish his righteousness. Now that the princes have shown their benevolence, saved Lu Vaqi, and weijia jinguo, the princes will lead the way to Wu, and the hegemony will be completed. And the king will be evil, and the subject asks the king of The East to see the king of Yue, and orders the army to be subordinate, and this is the real emptiness, and the name is from the princes to the king. "King Wu said that it was the son of a tribute.
The King of Yue, in addition to the outskirts of the dao, asked, "In this barbarian country, why did the doctor come to it as if he were humiliated?" Zi Gong Yue: "Now I say that king Wu wanted to save Lu Vaqi, and his desire was to fear Yue, and he said, 'It is okay to wait for me to cut down yue'. In this way, the more the more it breaks, the more it will be. And the husband has no intention of repaying the people and makes people suspicious; there is the will of the people, let people know, and perish; before the incident is heard, it is also dangerous. The three are a big problem. The sentence suddenly bowed again: "Lonely taste unexpected force [material force: measuring force. It is a battle with Wu, trapped in the guild, painful in the bone marrow, day and night scorched lips and dry tongue, in vain want to die with King Wu, lonely wishes. So he asked Zigong. Zi Gong Yue: "The king of Wu is a tyrannical man, and the subjects are unbearable; the country is in several wars, and the soldiers are forbearant; the people are resentful, and the ministers change internally; Zi Xu dies with advice, Dazai uses things, and shunjun's transgressions are to settle their own interests: it is the rule of the cruel country." Present Wang Chengfa Shisa No. Zozhi [徼: Inspire, inspire. His will, his treasure to speak of his heart, his humble words to honor his courtesy, his Vaqi biye. He is invincible, and the king is blessed. If you are victorious, you will come to Jin with your troops, and your subjects will ask you to see the Jin Emperor in the north, so that you will attack them together, and the weak Wu will be weak. Its sharp troops are exhausted in Qi, the heavy armor is trapped in Jin, and the king controls his enemies, and this destroys Wu. The Yue King said, promise. Send a son tribute to the hundred yokes, sword one, good spear two. Zigong was not affected, and proceeded.
Reporting to King Wu: "The subject respectfully told the king of Yue with the words of the great king, and the king of Yue was terrified, saying: 'Lonely and unfortunate, less lost in the ancestors, not self-measured, atonement against Wu, the defeat of the army, the perching of the guild, the kingdom is vain and reckless [false mang: hill ruins and grass mang.'" Refers to a decaying and desolate place. ], thanks to the gift of the great king, so that the sacrifice of the bean is cultivated, and the death does not dare to forget, and the conspiracy dares to worry! Five days later, the Yue envoy Seed Doctor first said to King Wu: "The East Sea Servants practice the envoys' kinds of things, and dare to cultivate the officials to ask around." Now the eavesdropping king will be prosperous and righteous, the strong will save the weak, the trapped and violent And caress the Zhou Room, please know the three thousand soldiers in the territory, and please be stubborn and sharp, so as to receive the arrow first. Because of the Yue Inferiority, the ancestors are hidden, the A Twenty Collars, and the Hammer [鈇: Axe. The Spear of Qulu, the Sword of Light, and the HeJun. King Wu said, "The king of Yue wants to cut down from the widows, but can he?" Zi Gong Yue: "No." The kingdom of the empty man, the multitude of the knowers, and the king, unrighteous. The king accepts his currency, allows his teacher, and resigns his king. "King Wu promised, it was King Xie Yue. Therefore, King Nai of Wu sent nine counties to fight Qi.
Zi Gong went to the Jin Dynasty, which was said to be the Jin Emperor: "When the subject hears about it, he cannot respond to the pawn without worrying about it first, and he cannot defeat the enemy without first discerning it." Now that Qi qi and Wu will fight, they will not win the battle, and the more chaos they will be, the more they will be victorious; if they win the war with Qi, they will come to Jin with their troops. Jin Jun was terrified, "Why bother?" Zi Gong Yue: "The cultivators will wait for them." Jinjun promised.
Zigong went to Lu. Wu Wangguo and the Qi people fought in Ai Ling, broke the Qi division, and won the soldiers of the seven generals and did not return, and Guo came to Jin with his troops, and met the Jin people on the top of the Yellow Pond. Wu Jin competed for strength. The Jin people attacked and defeated Wu Shi. When the king of Yue heard about it, he waded down the river to attack Wu and went to the city of Seven Mile to march. King Wu heard of it, went to Jin and returned, and fought the Vietnam War in the Five Lakes [Five Lakes: Refers to Taihu Lake. 】。 The three battles were not won, the city gates were not guarded, and the more they besieged the royal palace, killing the husband and killing the poor. Broken Wu for three years, eastward and hegemonic.
As soon as the old zigong came out, Cunlu, chaotic Qi, broken Wu, strong Jin and hegemony. In the past ten years, the five kingdoms have changed.
Zigong is good to abolish the lift, and the time to transfer the goods. Celebrate the beauty of people, and cannot hide the faults of people. Chang Xiang Lu Wei, the family is tired of thousands of gold, and the pawns are finally together.
Yan Yan, Wu Ren, Zi Zi You. The young Confucius was forty-five years old.
Ziyou has been employed as Wucheng Zai. Confucius passed, smelling the sound of strings and songs. Confucius Guan'er: Smile. And laughed: "Cut the chicken with a cattle knife?" Zi You said: "In the past, the masters knew that the gentleman learned the Tao, and the lover loved the man, and the villain learned the Tao. Confucius said, "The second and third sons [second and third sons: refers to the retinue." ], yan said yes also. Foreword to the ear of the play. "Confucius thought that Ziyou was accustomed to literature.
Bu Shang Zi Xia. The young Confucius was forty-four years old.
Zi Xia asked, "'Smiling and smiling, beautiful eyes, always thinking that it is brilliant', what is it?" Zi Yue: "Painting after the fact[Painting after the fact: Zheng Xuan notes: painting, painting text also, where painting, first cloth the colors, and then distribute the elements in between, in order to become its text, although the beauty of the beautiful woman has the beauty of Qianpan, it must also be made of courtesy. 】。 "After the ceremony?" Confucius said: "Shang Shi Ke and Yan "Poetry" have been completed." ”
Zigong asked, "Master and Shang?" Zi Yue: "The master has also passed, and the shang has not reached." "Then the master heals?" A: "Too late." ”
Zi Zi Xia Yue: "Ru is a gentleman's Confucianism, and no one is a villain's Confucianism." ”
Confucius did not, Zixia Ju Xihe professor, for wei Wenhou teacher. His son died, and he cried blind.
Zhao Sun Shi, Chen Ren, Zi Zi Zhang. Confucius was forty-eight years old.
Zi Zhang asked Gan Lu [Gan Lu: Seek the Lu position.] Confucius said: "If you hear more doubts and be cautious about the rest, you will be widowed[ If you see the gap, be careful about the rest, then you will be remorseful. Words are too much, deeds are remorseful, and Lu is in it. ”
He was in Chen Cai's room, sleepy, and asked for a line. Confucius said: "Faithful in words and respectful in deeds, although barbaric [barbarians: In ancient times, they called the backward tribes of the south and the north." The deeds of the kingdom are also unfaithful, the deeds are not respectful, although the state is doing well! Standing sees its participation in the front, and in public opinion, it is seen leaning on the balance [Heng: the horizontal wood at the front of the rut. ], husband and then line. "Zi Zhang Shu Gentlemen [Gentleman: The big belt of the ancient scholar-doctor's waist.] 】。
Zi Zhang asked, "Shi He Rusi can be said to be da yi?" Confucius said, "Ho Zha, what is the so-called attainer?" Zi Zhang said to him: "It must be heard in the country, and it must be heard at home." Confucius said, "It is Wen Ye, not Da Ye." He who is righteous and righteous, who observes what he says and looks at the color, who cares about the following, will attain in the kingdom and at home. Whoever hears of it, takes the color and acts in violation of the law, and there is no doubt in the dwelling, and it will be heard in the country and at home. ”
Zeng Shan, a native of Nanwu City, is a chinese poet. Confucius was forty-six years old.
Confucius thought that he could pass through filial piety, so he gave it karma. Wrote the Book of Filial Piety. Died in Lu.
Tangtai Extinction Ming, Wucheng people, Zi Yu. Confucius was thirty-nine years old.
It's very bad. Wanting to do something to Confucius, Confucius thought it was thin. Having already been employed, he retreated to practice, and he could not do anything, and he did not see Dr. Qing for non-official affairs.
Swim south to the river, from the disciples of three hundred people, set up to give to go, the name of the princes. Confucius heard this and said, "I take people by my words, and I take what I lose; I take people by appearance, and I lose my son Yu." ”
Mi is not the same word. The young Confucius was thirty years old.
Confucius said, "Gentleman! Lu Wujun, Si Yan TiSi? ”
The son is a single father, and the opposite is "anti-life: resurrection". Yu Confucius said, "There are five people in this country who are not equal in their wisdom, and those who are not in harmony with teaching." Confucius said: "Those who are not evenly ruled by each other are small, and those who are ruled by the great are few." ”
The original constitution character Zi Si.
Zi Si asked shame. Confucius said: "The state has the Tao, and the valley [gu] refers to the qilu." 】。 The country has no way, the valley, the shame also. ”
Zi Si Yue: "Keva resentment is not good, can it be benevolent?" Confucius said, "You can be embarrassed, Ren Ze Wu Fu Zhi Ye." ”
Confucius died in the grass. ZiGong xiangwei, and jiesi [jiesi: four horses and one car. Ride even, row quinoa into poverty, and pass xie yuanxian. Xian Regents see Zigong in our clothes. Zi Gong was ashamed, and said, "Is the Master sick?" The original Constitution said: "I have heard that those who have no wealth are called poor, and those who learn the Tao but cannot practice are called diseases." If the constitution, poor also, not sick also. "Zi Gong is ashamed, does not shy away, and is ashamed of his words for life."
Gongye long, Qi people, long characters.
Confucius said: "Chang Ke's wife is also in The Middle Age[ Tired: The rope that binds the prisoner, borrowing the finger to detain him." Among them, not his sins also. "With his sons and wives."
Nangong bracket Zi Rong.
Ask Confucius: "Yi Shan shoots, swings the boat [swing boat: charge the battle with a warship.] ], can not be killed; Yu Ji is a farmer and has the world? Confucius replied. Allowing it out, Confucius said, "Gentlemen are like people!" Shangde Yaruo! "The state has a way and is not abolished; the country has no way and is free from torture." The three -- "White Gui's Defilement" (白桂之玷), with his brother's son and wife.
The season of the word of mourning.
Confucius said: "There is no way in the world, most of them are courtiers, and they are in the capital; only the seasons have not tasted the shi." ”
Zeng Yao character 皙.
Serving Confucius, Confucius said: "Yan Erzhi." "Spring clothes are complete, five or six crowns, six or seven boys, bathing in Yi, wind like dancing, and singing home." Confucius sighed, "I and Koya! ”
Yan WuXuan character road. Passers-by, Yan Hui Father, Father and Son taste different current affairs Confucius.
Yan Hui died, Yan Lu was poor, and asked Confucius to bury the car with a car: it refers to the burial with the money from the sale of the car. 】。 Confucius said: "The material is not the material, and each of them also speaks of its son." The carp is also dead, and there is a coffin but no rafters, and I do not do what I think is in vain, and I cannot do it after I have gone from the doctor. ”
Shang Qu, Lu Ren, Zi Zi Mu. Confucius was twenty-nine years old.
Confucius passed on "Yi" to Qu, Qu chuan churen to the arm of zihong, Hongchuan to the Jiangdong people to correct the zi yong defects, the defects to the Yan people Zhou Zijiazhu, the vertical transmission of chun to the people Of The light son chengyu, the yuchuan qi people Tian Zi Zhuang He, He Chuan to the Dongwu people Prince Zhongtong, and the same transmission of the Chuanchuan people Yang He. He Yuanshuozhong was the Doctor of Hanzhong under the title of Yi.
High chai word lamb. The young Confucius was thirty years old.
The lamb is not five feet long, and Confucius thinks that he is stupid.
Zi Lu made Zi Lamb a Fei Haozai, and Confucius said, "Thief [Thief: Mutilation." Son of the Lady! Zi Lu said: "There are people and people, there are social people, why should we read and then learn!" Confucius said, "He is the evil husband." ”
Lacquer carving open characters open.
Confucius made Kaishi say, "Wu Sizhi failed to believe." Confucius said.
Gong Bo Zi Zi Zhou.
Zhou v[ lawsuit : same as "lawsuit", which here refers to bad words. Zi Lu Yu Ji Sun, Zi Fu Jing Bo to inform Confucius, said: "The master is inherently confused, and the zhi also Wu Li can still be wanton [Wanton: In ancient times, it was said that people were sentenced to death and then violently displayed to the public. 】 Zhushi Dynasty. Confucius said, "The Tao will be done, and the fate will be fulfilled; the Tao will be abolished, and the fate will also be fulfilled." Gong Bo Is Like Fate! ”
Sima Gengzi cattle.
The cow is more talkative and impatient. Ask Ren Yu Confucius, Confucius said: "The benevolent person also speaks slowly and cautiously. 】。 "His words are also praised, but si can be described as benevolent?" Zi Yue: "It is difficult to say, and it is not surprising!" ”
Ask the gentleman, the son said, "The gentleman is not worried or afraid." "Don't worry or be afraid, Si can be described as a gentleman?" Zi Yue: "Introspection is not guilty, why worry and fear!" ”
Fan Su word late. The young Confucius was thirty-six years old.
Fan Chi asked to learn to harvest [Crop: Planting grains.] Confucius said, "I am not as good as the old peasant." "Please learn to garden [garden: grow vegetables.] ], "I am not as good as the old garden." Fan was late, Confucius said: "The little man Is fan su ye!" If the courtesy is good, the people will not dare to be disrespectful; if they are righteous, the people will not dare to disobey; if they are good, the people will not dare to be merciful. If this is the case, then the people of the four directions will bear their sons and come to the end, and they will reap the harvest! ”
Fan Chi asked Ren, "Lover." Ask Zhi, "Know people." ”
Confucius was forty-three years old. There is a saying: "The use of etiquette, harmony is precious, and the way of the first king is beautiful." Small and big are not good, and knowing and harmonizing, not with etiquette, is not feasible. "Faith is close to righteousness, and words can be repeated; courtesy is close to courtesy, far from shame; because [cause: dear, close.] Without losing his relatives, he can also be zongye. ”
Confucius is neither, the disciple is contemplative, there is a resemblance to Confucius, the disciple is established as a teacher, and the teacher is like a master. On his day, the disciple came in and asked, "When the old master did what he did, let the disciple hold the rain gear, and the rain was already fruitful." The disciple asked, 'How does the Master know this?' The Master said: "Isn't the poem cloudy?" "The moon is far away from Bi, and it is tuotuo." Didn't stay overnight in the twilight moon yesterday? He died day and month, and it did not rain. Shang Qu was old and childless, and his mother was a room. Confucius made it qi, and Mother Qu asked for it. Confucius said: 'No worries, after the age of forty, there should be five husbands and sons.' And sure enough. Dare to ask the Master how he knows this? "There is nothing to do with it. The disciple said, "There is a son to avoid, and this is not the seat of the son!" ”
Gongxi deficit Zihua. Confucius was forty-two years old.
Zihua envoyed Yu Qi, and Ran You asked for millet for his mother. Confucius said: "Kettle with [Kettle: Ancient capacity units. Six buckets of death rose to a cauldron. 】。 Please benefit, "With Yu [Yu: Ancient capacity units. Sixteen buckets for one yu. 】。 "Ran Zi and Su Wu Bing [Bing: Ancient Capacity Units. Sixteen Hu is one bing. 】。 Confucius said: "Red Shi Qi Ye, ride on a fat horse, and dress lightly." I heard that the gentleman Zhou was anxious not to succeed in wealth. ”
Wu Ma Shi Zi Banner. The young Confucius was thirty years old.
Chen Si Defeat [Si Defeat: Official name, that is, Si Kou. He asked Confucius, "Does Lu Zhao know the etiquette?" Confucius said, "Zhi Li." Retreating to the Wu Ma Banner, he said, "I heard that gentlemen are not party, and gentlemen are also party members?" Lu Jun married Wu Nu as his wife and was given the title of Mencius. Mencius's surname is Ji, which is secretly called the same surname, so it is called Mencius. Lu Jun knows the etiquette, but he does not know the etiquette! He told Confucius, who said, "Qiu is also fortunate, and if you have had it, you will know it." The subject shall not speak of the evil of the king's relatives, for the one who is secretive, the courtesy. ”
Liang eel word uncle fish. Confucius was twenty-nine years old.
Yan Xing zi liu. Confucius was forty-six years old.
Ran Zi Lu, less Confucius fifty years old.
Cao Zi Zi Zi Xun. The young Confucius was fifty years old.
Bo Qian zi analysis, less Confucius fifty years old.
Gongsun Dragon Character Stone. The young Confucius was fifty-three years old.
Zi Shi has thirty-five people on the right, who have a name and a profession, and are heard in the book. Of its forty, there are two people, who have no years and do not see the book, Ji Yuzuo:
Ran Ji zi zi production.
Gongzu Zizi zizhi.
Qin Zu zi nan.
Lacquer carved character 哆字子哆.
Yan Gaozi is proud.
Lacquer carving disciple father.
Soil deficit disciples.
Shangze.
Shi Zuo Shu character Zi Ming.
Any word is not selected.
Gongliang Zi Zi Zheng.
In the next word.
Qin Ran opened the word.
Gongxia first word multiplied.
傒容箴字子皙.
Male shoulder fixed word.
Yan Zu zi xiang.
Zi Zi Jia.
Sentence Well Frontier.
Han Father Black Zi Suo.
Qin Shang Zi Pi.
Shen Dang Zi Zhou.
Uncle Yan's servant character.
Rongqi character prayer.
The county is written as Zi Qi.
Left ren yin character line.
Swallow word thoughts.
Zheng Guozi disciple.
Qin Fei Zizhi.
Shi Zhi Chang Zi Heng.
Yan Whispering.
Uncle Bu took the word car.
Originally a book of characters.
Happy word sound.
Incorruptible word mediocrity.
Shu Zhonghui word period.
Yan He Zi Ran.
Di Hei Zi Hao.
Bang Xun zi zi zi.
Kong Zhong.
Gongxi public opinion is like a word.
Gongxi Leaf character on.
Tai Shi Gong Yue: Scholars mostly call the disciples of the Seventy Sons, the one who is praised or exaggerated, the one who destroys or damages its truth, and the one who has not seen the appearance of Jun, then he talks about the disciples, and the ancient text of the Kong clan is near. Yu took the disciple's name and surname as a text to take the "Analects" disciple's question and sub-article, and the doubters were confused.
Translation:
Confucius said, "Seventy-seven of the students who studied with me were proficient in the Six Arts," and they were all talented people. Among them, those who are outstanding in moral behavior are: Yan Yuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, and Zhonggong. Those who are good at administrative affairs are: Ran You, Ji Lu. In terms of rhetoric and eloquence, the outstanding ones are: Zai I and Zi Gong. Those who are good at literature are: Ziyou and Zixia. On the other hand, Zhao Sun was extreme, Zeng was dull, Gao Chai was stupid, Zhongyu was rude, Yan Hui was often poor, and Duanmu Ci did not accept the Mandate of Heaven and went to business, but the market he predicted was often accurate.
The people whom Confucius respected and admired were: Lao Tzu in the Zhou Dynasty; In the Wei Kingdom, it was King Wu Bo; in the State of Qi, it was Yan Pingzhong; in the State of Chu, it was Lao Laizi; in the State of Zheng, it was ZiCheng; in the State of Lu, it was Meng Gongqiu. He often praised Zang Wenzhong, Liu Xiahui, Tong Yi Bohua, and Jieshan Ziran, confucius was born later than them, not people of the same era.
Yan Hui is a native of Luguo, ziyuan. Yan Hui was thirty years younger than Confucius.
Yan Yuan asked Confucius about the meaning of benevolence, and Confucius said: "Restrain and restrain your own desires and words and deeds, so that all words and actions are returned to the etiquette system, then everyone in the world will praise you as a person with benevolence." ”
Confucius said, "What a virtuous man Yan Hui is!" Eating only a small bamboo basket of rice, drinking only a scoop of soup, living in a simple alley, ordinary people can't stand this kind of hardship, but Yan Hui does not change his pleasure of learning from the Tao. "Yan Hui was like a stupid person when he listened to my teachings; observing his private words and deeds after class, he was also able to deliberately play, and Yan Hui was actually not stupid." "When I appoint you, I will practice what I preach; when I don't appoint you, I will hide it, and only I and you will have such an attitude toward the world!"
When Yan Hui was twenty-nine years old, his hair had all turned white, and he was still very young when he died. Confucius cried very sadly and said, "Since I have had Yan Hui, the students have become closer and closer to me. Lu Aigong asked, "Who among the students is the best to learn?" Confucius replied, "There is a best student named Yan Hui, who never transfers his anger to others, nor does he make the same mistake." Unfortunately, his life expectancy is short, and there are no people like him anymore. ”
Min loss, word Zi Qian. Min was fifteen years younger than Confucius.
Confucius said, "Min Ziqian is a very filial piety! He served his parents and obeyed his brothers, and no one else could say divisive words before his parents and brothers. He did not go to Dr. Qing to be a courtier and refused Ji's appointment. He once said, "If anyone comes to recruit me again, I will definitely flee to the State of Qi, north of Wenshui." ”
Ran Geng, the word Bo Niu. Confucius thought he had virtue.
Bo Niu fell ill with leprosy, and Confucius went to visit him, took his hand outside the window, and said, "This is fate!" It is fate that such a person has such a disease! ”
Ran Yong, the word Zhonggong.
Zhonggong asked Confucius how to handle political affairs, and Confucius said: "When you go out to run errands, you should behave as if you were meeting a distinguished guest, and the people should be as pious and cautious as if they were going to undertake solemn sacrifices." In this way, no one will resent you when you serve in the fiefdom of the princes, and no one will resent you when you serve in the family of The Qing Doctor. ”
Confucius believed that Zhonggong had achievements in moral behavior, saying: "Ran Yong, you can let him be an official like Qing Dafu, act alone, and lead one side." ”
Zhonggong's father was a lowly man. Confucius used an analogy: "The calf born of a cultivating cow has pure red hair and two horns that grow in a good way, even if you don't want to use it as a sacrifice, will the gods of the mountains and rivers abandon it?" ”
Ran Qiu, the word has, twenty-nine years younger than Confucius. He served as the head of the Jisun clan.
Ji Kangzi asked Confucius, "Is Ran Qiu worthy of benevolence?" Confucius replied, "A city with a thousand households, and a qing doctor's house with a hundred military vehicles, allow ran to manage the military endowment there." As for whether he is called benevolent or not, I don't know. Ji Kangzi asked again, "Is Zilu worthy of rende?" Confucius replied, "Same as Ran Qiu." ”
Ran qiu asked Confucius, "Should we act as soon as we hear about things?" Confucius said, "When you hear it, you act." Zilu asked, "Should I act as soon as I hear about it?" Confucius said, "If a father and brother are alive, how can they act as soon as they hear about it?" Zihua was surprised by this and said, "I take the liberty of asking, why do the same questions have different answers?" Confucius said, "Ran Qiu is afraid of doing things, so I want to encourage him." Nakayuki is competitive and competitive, so I want to restrain him. ”
Zhongyu, Zilu, is a Bian di person. Zhongyu was nine years younger than Confucius.
Zi lu was rough in nature, brave and courageous, strong and straightforward in heart, wearing a rooster feather on his head and wearing a boar-shaped ornament, and once abused Confucius. Confucius practiced etiquette and gradually induced Zilu, who later wore Confucian clothes and hats, carried gifts from the teacher, and requested to become a student of Confucius through the introduction of Confucius's students.
Zilu asked Confucius about political affairs, and Confucius said: "I first set an example for the people, and then I can make the people work hard." Sub-road asked for further detailed answers. Confucius said, "Persevere tirelessly." ”
Zilu asked, "Does a gentleman advocate bravery?" Confucius said, "What gentlemen most admire is morality." A gentleman who only advocates bravery and does not advocate morality will cause trouble; a villain who only advocates bravery and does not advocate morality will become a robber. ”
Zilu heard one thing, but before he could do it, he was afraid of hearing another thing.
Confucius said: "Only by hearing one-sided words can decide a case, I am afraid that only Zhongyu is it!" "Zhongyu's spirit of advocating bravery exceeds my use, so it does not apply." "A disposition like Nakayu's will not end well." "The only one who stands with a man in a fur coat in a ragged robe made of messy linen, and who is not ashamed, I am afraid, is Nakayuki!" "Nakayuki's learning is like ascending to the main hall, but he has not yet been able to enter the inner chamber."
Ji Kangzi asked Confucius, "Does Zhongyu have rende?" Confucius said, "A country with a thousand military vehicles can let Zhongyu manage the military and political affairs there, and as for whether he has benevolence or not, I don't know." ”
Zilu liked to travel with Confucius, and once met an old man who was depressed, drowning, and carrying a bamboo basket.
When Zilu was the head of Jisun's family, Jisun asked Confucius, "Can it be said that Zilu is a minister with both moral integrity and ability?" Confucius said, "It can be said that it is a reserve minister." ”
Zilu was to serve as The Great Card of Puyi and resigned to Confucius. Confucius said, "There are many brave and warrior people in this place of Puyi, and it is difficult to govern. But I tell you: be respectful and humble, you can control the brave and martial; be generous and upright, you can bring the people close; you can be respectful, upright, and the society is quiet, you can repay your superiors. ”
At the beginning, Wei Linggong had a favored Ji named Nanzi. Wei Linggong's crown prince, Huan Yun, had offended her and fled abroad for fear of being murdered by her. Wait until Duke Wei Linggong is dead, and Lady Nanzi wants to make Gongzi Ying king. Gongzi Yin refused to accept it, saying, "Although the prince has fled, the prince's son is still in the country." "So Wei Guo became the monarch, and this was Wei Chugong." Duke Wei succeeded to the throne for twelve years, and his father, Huan Yun, had been living abroad and could not return. At this time, Zilu served as the chief of the Weiguo Grand Master Kong Wu's Caiyi. However, Huan Yun and Kong Wu rebelled together, trying to find a way to bring people into Kong Wu's house, and followed his party members to attack Wei Qigong. Duke Wei fled to the state of Lu, and Huan Yun returned to China and became king, which was the Duke of Weizhuang. When Kong Wu was in trouble, Zilu was still working outside, and when he heard the news, he immediately rushed back. Just as the Lamb came out of the gate of the Wei Kingdom, the Lamb said to the Zilu, "The Duke of Wei has fled, and the gate has been closed, you should return, and do not suffer for him in vain." Zilu said, "When I eat his grain, I cannot avoid his danger." The lamb finally left. Just in time for an emissary to enter the city, the gates of the city were opened, and the sub-road followed into the city. Zi Lu came to The Residence of The Dragon, just as The Dragon and kong ascended the high platform inside the Kong Mansion. Zi Lu said, "Where can the Great King use Kong Wu?" Please let me kill him. "He didn't listen to his persuasion. So Zilu wanted to set fire to the platform, and Huan Xuan was very afraid, so he let Shi Beg and Hu Di go down to the platform to attack Zilu and cut off Zilu's hat belt. Zilu said, "A gentleman is dead, and he can't let his hat fall off." "After saying that, I fastened the hat and died."
Confucius heard about the disturbances in Weiguo and said, "Oh, Zhongyu is dead!" Soon, the news of Zhongyu's death came. So Confucius said, "Ever since I had Zhongyu, I have never heard any evil words." At this time, Zigong was sending an envoy to the State of Qi on behalf of the State of Lu.
Zaiyu, the word I. He was articulate and good at words. After accepting The study of Professor Confucius, he said: "Isn't it too long for a person to serve three years of mourning after the death of his parents?" If a gentleman does not practice etiquette for three years, the etiquette will certainly be corrupted; if he does not play music for three years, the music will be wasted. Since the old grain has been eaten, and the new valley has matured, the wood used for the fire has been changed, and it is enough to serve for a year. Confucius said, "Can you be at ease with your funeral for only one year?" Zaiyu replied, "Peace of mind." Confucius said, "Since you feel at ease, do so." During the mourning period, even if the gentleman eats delicious food, he does not feel sweet, and he does not feel happy when he hears beautiful music, so the gentleman does not do this. Confucius said, "Zaiyu is not a benevolent gentleman!" A child is born three years before it can be freed from the arms of its parents. Keeping filial piety for parents for three years is a common etiquette for the whole world. ”
When I slept during the day, Confucius said, "It is impossible to carve from decaying wood, and the filthy walls can no longer be painted." When I asked about the virtues of the Five Emperors, Confucius said, "You are not the one who asks such questions. ”
Zai I served as the doctor of the State of Qi, and together with the chancellor Tian Chang launched a rebellion, and was thus exterminated, which Confucius was ashamed of.
Duan Mu Ci is a Weiguo person, and the character Zigong. Thirty-one years younger than Confucius.
Zigong was articulate and good at rhetoric, and Confucius was often poor in his arguments. Confucius asked Zigong, "Who is stronger than you and Yan Hui?" Zigong replied, "Where do I dare to compare with Yan Hui!" Yan Hui learned that one truth can deduce ten truths, and I learned that a truth can only deduce two truths. ”
After Zigong finished his studies, he asked Confucius, "What kind of person am I?" Confucius said, "You are like a vessel." Zigong said, "What kind of vessel?" Confucius said, "During the temple sacrifice, the Hu Lian of Huang Ji is placed." ”
Chen Ziyao asked Zigong, "Where did Zhongni learn his knowledge?" Zigong said: "The path of benevolence and righteousness of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou has not been completely lost, and it is still circulating in the human world, and the virtuous people have remembered the great truth as the main trunk, the unwise people have remembered the small truths in the details, and the path of benevolence and righteousness of King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou does not exist everywhere." He can learn anywhere, and he needs a fixed teacher! Chen Ziyao asked again: "When Confucius comes to a country, he must know the political affairs of this country." Is this a request for someone to tell him? Or did someone else take the initiative to tell him? Zigong said: "Sir is based on the virtues of gentleness, kindness, courtesy, frugality, and humility. This method of finding is different from the method of ordinary people. ”
Zigong asked Confucius, "What about such a person who is rich but not arrogant, who is poor but not flattering?" Confucius said, "To do is to do, but it is still better to be poor but willing to abide by the way of the sages, and to be humble and courteous in all things although rich." ”
Tian Chang planned to rebel in the State of Qi, but feared the power of the Gao, Guo, Bao, and Yan clans, so he wanted to mobilize their armies to attack the State of Lu. When Confucius heard this news, he said to his disciples: "The country of Lu is the place where the graves of our ancestors are located, the country that nurtured us, and the country has reached such a dangerous point, why don't you guys come forward?" Zilu asked to go, but Confucius stopped him. Zi Zhang and Zi Shi asked to go, but Confucius did not agree. Zigong asked to go, and Confucius agreed.
Zigong then set out and came to the State of Qi, lobbying Tian Chang to say, "Your plan to attack the State of Lu has failed. The kingdom of Naru is a difficult country to attack, its walls are thin and short, its moats are narrow and shallow, its monarch is ignorant and unkind, its ministers are hypocritical and incompetent, its soldiers and people hate to fight, and such a country cannot fight with it. You might as well attack the State of Wu. The Kingdom of Wu, with its walls high and thick, its moats wide and deep, its soldiers' armor strong and new, its warriors selected and well-armed, talented and well-armed in them, and the dispatch of wise ministers to guard him, such a country is easy to attack. Tian Chang was very angry when he heard this, and his face changed, saying: "What you think is difficult is what others think is easy; what you think is easy is what others think is difficult." What is your intention in teaching me with these words? Zigong said: "I have heard such a saying, if the worry comes from within the country, attack the strong country, and the worry comes from outside the country and attack the weak country." Today, your worries come from within the country. I have heard that you have asked for the seal three times but have not succeeded three times because some ministers do not obey orders. Now, you want to conquer the state of Lu to expand the territory of the state of Qi, if you win, your monarch will be more arrogant, defeating the state of Lu makes the ministers of the state of Qi more respected, but your credit is not among them, then your relationship with the monarch will be estranged day by day. In this way, you have an arrogant psychology towards the upper envoy and a subordinate, and it is too difficult for you to indulge the subordinates and want to achieve great things in this way. The arrogance of the monarch will do as he pleases, and the arrogance of the courtiers will fight for power and profit, so that there is a contradiction between the superior and the monarch, and the subordinate and the minister compete with each other. In this case, your situation in the country of Qi is very dangerous. Therefore, it is better to attack the state of Lu than to attack the state of Wu. If you can't win the attack on the State of Wu, the people die abroad, the ministers lead their troops to fight outside, and the country is empty, so that you have no strong ministers to confront, no people to blame, and you are the only one who can isolate the monarch and control the State of Qi. Tian Chang said, "Good." Even so, but my army has already gone to the country of Lu, and now that I have withdrawn from the country of Lu and entered the country of Wu, the ministers will suspect me, what should I do? Zigong said: "You do not move, do not launch an attack, I ask the state of Wu to send troops to aid the state of Lu and attack the state of Qi, and you will take the opportunity to send troops to meet it." Tian Chang took Zigong's advice and sent Zigong south to meet King Wu.
Zigong lobbied King Wu, saying: "I have heard that the country that practices the royal way cannot make the princely states extinct, the country that exercises hegemony cannot let another powerful enemy appear, and the two sides that compete with each other will have a shift in center of gravity no matter which side they add a baht or two." The State of Qi, which now owns 10,000 military vehicles, tries to occupy the State of Lu, which owns a thousand military vehicles, on its own to compete with the State of Wu, and I privately feel dangerous for the king. Moreover, going to rescue the State of Lu is a matter of fame and reputation; attacking the State of Qi is something that can be greatly profited. In order to appease the princes north of Surabaya, to subdue the powerful Jin state by crusading against the violent State of Qi, there is no way to gain greater benefits than to do so, nominally preserving the soon-to-be-extinct State of Lu actually hinders the expansion of Qiang Qi, and the wise people will not hesitate. King Wu said, "Good. Even so, I once went to war with the Yue kingdom and forced the Yue king to retreat on Mount Huiji. The Yue King himself endured hardships and hardships, and the warriors were treated preferentially, with the intention of revenge on me. You wait until I have attacked the Country of Vietnam and then do as you please. Zigong said: "The strength of the State of Yue is not as strong as the State of Lu, and the strength of the State of Wu is not as strong as that of the State of Qi, and the Great King has set aside the State of Qi and attacked the State of Yue, by which time the State of Qi has already pacified the State of Lu." Moreover, the great king attacked the weak Yue state in the name of preserving and perpetuating the dying state, but was afraid of the powerful state of Qi, which was not a sign of bravery. The brave do not shy away from hardships and obstacles, the benevolent do not put the constrained in trouble, the wise do not lose their time, and the king does not let a nation go extinct from the world, and use these to establish their morality. Now, by preserving the Kingdom of Yue to show your benevolence to the princes, by rescuing the State of Lu and attacking the State of Qi to exert pressure on the State of Jin, the princely states will surely compete to meet the State of Wu, so that the great cause of dominating the world will be successful. If the great king is really afraid of the Yue kingdom, I ask the east to meet the yue king and persuade him to send troops to follow you, which can actually make the Yue kingdom empty, nominally following the princes to fight against the state of Qi. King Wu was very happy, so he sent Zigong to Yueguo.
King Yue cleared the road, went to the outskirts to greet Zigong, and personally drove to the mansion where Zigong was staying and asked, "This is a small barbarian country that is not civilized, why did the doctor solemnly condescend to come here?" Zigong said: "Now I have persuaded King Wu to rescue the State of Lu and attack the State of Qi, and he wants to do this in his heart, but he is worried about the State of Yue, saying that 'it will not be feasible until I have captured the State of Yue'." If this is the case, it is inevitable that the country will be conquered. Moreover, it is clumsy to make people suspicious of him without an attempt to retaliate against others; it is dangerous to make people realize that there is an attempt to retaliate against others, and it is a failure, and it is dangerous for things to be done and the news is passed out first. These three situations are the greatest scourges of doing things. He bowed his head and bowed his head twice, saying, "I once did not measure up to my strength, but I actually fought with the State of Wu, so I was trapped on the Mountain of Huiji, hated the State of Wu to the bone marrow, and sooner or later my lips were dry, and I only planned to die with King Wu, and this is my wish." So he asked Zigong. Zigong said: "King Wu was fierce and cruel, and the ministers could not bear it; the country was very tired because of the frequent wars, and the soldiers could not stand it; the people resented the king, and the ministers had infighting; Wu Zixu was killed for his direct advice, and Dazai Was in charge of government affairs, pandering to the mistakes of the monarch to preserve his own selfish interests: this was a political situation in which the country was about to perish." Now if the great king could send an army to help king Wu, to inspire his ambitions, to win his favor with valuable treasures, and to honor his courtesy with humble words, then his attack on the state of Qi would be unquestionable. If that war could not be won, it would be a blessing for the king. If victory is achieved, he will definitely lead his troops to attack the State of Jin, please let me go north to meet the King of Jin, persuade him to attack the State of Wu together, and will definitely weaken the power of the State of Wu. All of Wu's elite troops were depleted in the State of Qi, and the main force was pinned down in the State of Jin, and the King took advantage of the fatigue and difficulties of the State of Wu to attack it, so that the State of Wu would be destroyed. The King of Yue was very happy to hear this, and agreed to send troops according to Zigong's plan. The King of Yue gave Zigong a hundred pieces of gold, a sword, and two good spears. Zigong did not accept it and went on his way.
Zigong returned to King Wu and said, "I solemnly informed the King of Yue of the words of the Great King. The King of Yue was very frightened, and said, "I was very unlucky, I lost my father when I was a child, and I did not measure up to my strength, and offended the state of Wu and was guilty, so that the army was defeated, and I myself was humiliated, and I perched on the Huiji Mountain, and the country became a desolate ruin, fortunately, thanks to the gift of the king, I was able to hold sacrifices and sacrifice ancestors. Five days later, the State of Yue dispatched the Great Master Wen Chuan to prostrate himself to King Wu and said, "The envoy of the East China Sea Campaign sent an emissary Wen Chuan, and took the liberty of saying that the subordinates of the Great King would extend greetings to the Great King." Recently, I had heard privately that the great king was going to revitalize Dayi, sent the division of great righteousness to suppress rape, save the weak, besiege the brutal State of Qi and appease the Zhou Dynasty, and asked for permission to dispatch all three thousand soldiers of the entire army in the territory of the Yue Kingdom. Therefore, he sent the lowly courtiers of the Yue Kingdom to present the treasures treasured by the ancestors, twenty pieces of armor, the bow and the spear of Qulu, and the rifle light sword, which were used as a congratulatory gift for the officers and men of your army. King Wu was very happy to hear this, and relayed Wen's words to Zigong, saying, "King Yue wants to personally follow me in his crusade against the State of Qi, is it okay?" Zigong said, "No. It is not moral to make the country empty, to use all the horses of others, and to let the monarch of the family follow you on the expedition. The king could accept its gifts, allowing it to send troops, but refusing to allow its monarch to accompany him. King Wu listened to Zigong's advice and resigned from King Yue. So King Wu mobilized the forces of nine counties to attack the State of Qi.
Zigong then left the state of Wu for the state of Jin and said to Jin Jun: "I have heard that without planning a good plan in advance, it is impossible to cope with the sudden changes in the rush, and it is impossible to defeat the enemy without properly managing the army in advance. Now that the State of Qi and the State of Wu were about to go to war, if the State of Qi defeated the State of Wu, the State of Yue would certainly take the opportunity to disturb the State of Wu; if the State of Wu defeated the State of Qi, the State of Wu would certainly lead its troops to the border of the State of Jin. Jin Jun was very panicked and said, "Then how can it be good?" Zigong said: "Sort out the weapons, recuperate the soldiers, and wait for the arrival of the Wu army." Jin Jun agreed.
Zigong left the Jin state for the state of Lu. King Wu did indeed fight with the Qi army at Ai Ling, defeated the Qi army, captured the soldiers and horses of seven generals, and refused to return to China, and then led the army to approach the border of the Jin state and met the Jin people in Huangchi. The Kingdoms of Wu and Jin fought for victory. The Jin army attacked the Wu army and defeated the Wu army. When the King of Yue heard this news, he crossed the river to attack the State of Wu and fought until he was seven miles away from the capital of the State of Wu before setting up camp. When King Wu heard this news, he immediately left the Jin state and returned to the state of Wu to fight the Vietnamese army in the Five Lakes area. The Wu army failed in three battles, and as a result, the city gate was lost, and the Vietnamese army surrounded the palace and killed Wu Wang Fuchai and his Xiangguo. Three years after the destruction of the State of Wu, the State of Yue became hegemonic in the East.
Therefore, Zigong sent an envoy this time, preserved the state of Lu, disturbed the state of Qi, destroyed the state of Wu, made the state of Jin strong and made the state of Yue hegemonic. Zigong sent an envoy to break the old situation in various countries, and in the past ten years, the situation in the five countries of Qi, Lu, Wu, Jin, and Yue has undergone major changes.
Zigong likes to do business, buy cheaply and sell expensively, and convert goods and materials at any time according to the timing. He likes to praise the merits of others and cannot hide the faults of others. He once served as the minister of the State of Lu and the State of Wei, and the accumulation of family wealth reached thousands of gold, and finally died in the State of Qi.
Yan Yan is a Wu guoren, zi you. Yan Yan was forty-five years younger than Confucius.
After Ziyou completed his studies, he became the governor of Wucheng. When Confucius passed by Wucheng, he heard the sound of playing orchestral strings and singing poetry. Confucius smiled and said, "Why use a knife to slaughter a cow to kill a chicken?" Ziyou said: "Once upon a time I heard my husband say: 'When a gentleman learns the way of liturgy, he will love others; when a villain learns the way of liturgy, he will be easily enslaved.' Confucius said, "Students, what you say is very correct. What I said earlier was just a joke. Confucius believed that Ziyou was familiar with the literature.
Bu Shang, Zi Xia. Bu Shang was forty-four years younger than Confucius.
Zi Xia asked, "'How beautiful are the dimples with a beautiful smile, and how clear are the black and white eyes, as if the white raw silk is dyed with gorgeous and colorful pictures' What do these three poems mean?" Confucius said, "To paint this matter, we must first apply multicolor colors, and then we must apply white." Zi Xia said, "Is it true that etiquette also arises after benevolence and righteousness?" Confucius said, "Bu Shang, I can now discuss the Poems with you." ”
ZiGong asked, "Who is more virtuous, Master Sun or Shang?" Confucius said, "Master Zhao Sun has gone too far in doing things, and the merchants have not met the requirements." Zi Gong said, "This is a stronger Sun Master, right?" Confucius said, "It is equally imperfect to overdo things and to fail to meet requirements." ”
Confucius said to Zi xia, "You must be a talented and virtuous reader, not a shallow and unorthodox reader." ”
After Confucius's death, Zixia lived in Xihe to teach his studies and served as a teacher to Wei Wenhou. His son died, and he was blinded by crying.
Master Zhao Sun is a Native of Chen Guo, with the character Zhang. Master Zhao was forty-eight years younger than Confucius.
Zi Zhang asked how to seek an official position and obtain Feng Lu, and Confucius said: "Listen more, keep in mind the problems that are not solved, do not make comments in vain, and talk carefully about the rest of the problems that are certain, so that we can make fewer mistakes; look more, keep the problems that have not been solved in our hearts, do not make comments in vain, and implement the rest of the things that are certain about them carefully, so that we can reduce regret." Words are less negligent, and there is less remorse in behavior, then the official position is here. ”
One day, Zi Zhang followed Confucius and was besieged between Chen and Cai, and Zi Zhang asked how it would work. Confucius said: "Speak faithfully and credibly, and behave with kindness and respect, even in remote foreign places, it is feasible; speaking disloyal and honest, acting unkindly and respectfully, even in the native village, it will not work!" When you stand, it is as if you see the words 'faithful and respectful' side by side in front of you; when you sit in the car, it is as if you see the words 'faithfulness and respect' hanging on the horizontal wood in front of the car. To do this, it will work everywhere. Zi Zhang wrote these words on the tunic of his waist.
Zi Zhang asked, "What does a reader do to be called proficient?" Confucius said, "What do you mean by mastery?" Zi Zhang replied, "It must be famous in the princely states, and it must also be famous in the family of the great master." Confucius said, "This is smell, not accessibility." The so-called well-versed people should be simple and upright, but also love morality, be good at judging other people's speech, observing other people's expressions, and often thinking of humility and concessions. Such a person must be able to reach both in the princely states and in the doctor's house. As for the hearer, on the surface, he seems to be pursuing benevolence, but in practice he violates benevolence, regards himself as benevolent, and is at ease, convinced that such a person will be able to gain fame in both the princely states and in the family of the doctor. ”
Zeng San is a native of Nanwu City, and the character Zi you. He was forty-six years younger than Confucius.
Confucius believed that Zeng San could understand the principle of filial piety, so he taught him his studies, and Zeng Zhan wrote a "Filial Piety Classic". Zeng San finally died in the State of Lu.
Yutai Ming was a native of Wucheng and ziyu. He was thirty-nine years younger than Confucius.
The appearance of The Ming Dynasty is very ugly. He wanted to worship Confucius as a teacher, but Confucius thought he was inferior. After his studies were over, he returned home to practice self-cultivation, never took the evil door and crooked way in doing things, and did not go to see Dr. Qing without official affairs.
He traveled south to the Yangtze River, followed by three hundred disciples, and he was fair and selfless in his handling of things, and his reputation spread among the princely states. When Confucius heard these circumstances, he said, "I judge people by words, and my judgment of Zaiyu is wrong; when I judge people by appearance, my judgment of Ziyu is wrong." ”
Misaligned, poor characters. Mi Buqi was thirty years younger than Confucius.
Confucius commented on Zi Zhen and said, "What a gentleman! If there are no gentlemen in the country of Lu, where did this person learn the virtues of a gentleman? ”
After Zi Qi became the chief of the single father, he replied to Confucius: "There are five people in this place who are more intelligent than me, and they have taught me the way to govern the capital. Confucius said, "What a pity! The place you govern is too small, and if the place you govern is bigger, it's pretty much the same. ”
Original Constitution, Zi Zi Si.
Zi Si asked Confucius what shame was. Confucius said: "The country's politics are clear, and officials receive fenglu, but they have achieved nothing." The country's politics are dark, and it is a shame to be an official and receive a salary. ”
Zi Si said: "Competitiveness, self-boasting, resentment, and insatiable greed have not been revealed, can it be called benevolent?" Confucius said, "It can be said that it is rare and precious to achieve this point, but as to whether it can be called benevolence, then I don't know." ”
After the death of Confucius, Yuan Xian ran to the wilderness to live in seclusion. Zigong became the xiangguo of the defending country, driving a number of four-horse carriages, pulling aside the weeds that were higher than the head of the people, entering the remote and simple hut, visiting and greeting Yuan Xian. Yuan Xian sorted out the worn-out clothes and hats he was wearing to meet ZiGong. Zigong felt ashamed of him and said, "Don't you feel ashamed?" Yuan Xian said: "I have heard that there is no property called poverty, and learning the truth and not being able to practice it is called hardship." Like me, it's poverty, not hardship. Zigong felt ashamed and left unhappily, feeling ashamed of saying the wrong thing this time all his life.
Gongye Chang, a Qi national, has a long character.
Confucius said, "Gongye Chang is a man worth marrying his daughter to, and although he was once imprisoned in prison, it was not his fault." Confucius then married his daughter to him.
Nangong Kuo, zi Rong.
Nangong Kuo asked Confucius, "Yi is good at archery, and Yu is good at boating, but none of them have received a good death; why can Yu and Ji cultivate themselves but get the world?" Confucius did not answer him. After Zi Rong went out, Confucius said, "This man is a gentleman!" This man is virtuous! Confucius also said: "If the country's politics are clear, he will be appointed; if the country's politics are dark, he will not be punished or killed." Zi Rong often recited the verse "Bai Gui Zhi Jie", so Confucius married his brother's daughter to him.
Gong Gong lamentation, word season times.
Confucius said: "The scholars of the world have no virtue, and most of them have become the courtiers of the Qing dynasty and have become officials in the capital; only Ji Ci has not been an official." ”
Zeng Hao, the word 皙.
Zeng Yao served Confucius, and Confucius said, "Tell me about your ambitions." Zeng Said: "When I could wear spring clothes, I and five or six adults, six or seven children, took a bath in the Yi water, blew the wind on the dance stage, and then sang songs and went home." Confucius sighed and said, "I agree with Zeng Yao's ambitions!" ”
Yan Wuxuan, word road. Yan Lu is Yan Hui's father, and his father and son have studied under Confucius at different times.
When Yan Hui died, Yan Lu was very poor and begged Confucius to sell his car to bury Yan Hui. Confucius said, "Whether Kong Carp has talent or not, he is his own child." When the carp died, there was only an inner coffin, no outer coffin, and I could not sell the car and walk to buy him an outer coffin, because I was once a doctor, so it was impossible to walk on foot. ”
Shang Qu, is a Native of Lu, Zi Mu. Shang Qu was twenty-nine years younger than Confucius.
Confucius taught the Zhou Yi to Shang Qu, who passed it on to the Chu people, Zi Hong, the Qi, the Jiangdong people, the Yan people, the Zhou Zi JiaZhu, the Zhou Zi Jia Shu to chun Yu Ren Guangzi Chengyu, the Photon Chengyu to the Qiguo people Tian Zi Zhuang He, Tian Zi Zhuang He to the Dongwu prince Zhongtong, and the prince Zhongtong to the Yang He of the Jingchuan people. Yang He became a Zhongdafu of the Han Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Yuan Shuo of the Han Dynasty for his study of the Zhou Yi.
Gao Chai, zi zi lamb. Gao Chai was thirty years younger than Confucius.
Less than five feet tall, Zi Lamb studied under Confucius, who thought he was stupid.
Zilu sent Zi Lamb to serve as the chief of Feiyi and Yiyi, and Confucius said, "This is mutilating the children of others!" Zilu said, "There are people there, and there are earth gods and ceres that can be sacrificed, so why do you have to say that reading books is a study?" Confucius said, "So I hate those who use rhetoric and sophistry." ”
Paint carved open, words open.
Confucius asked Zi Kai to become an official, and Zi Kai replied, "I don't have confidence in being an official yet." Confucius was very happy when he heard this.
Gong Bo Ji, Word Zi Zhou.
Zi Zhou slandered Zi Lu in front of Ji Sun' family, and ZiFu Jingbo informed Confucius of this matter, saying: "Ji Sun's old man originally had doubts about Zi Lu, and for Gong Bo Ji, I still had the strength to kill him and put his body on the street for public display. Confucius said, "If the way of benevolence and righteousness can work, it is Providence; the way of benevolence and righteousness will be abandoned, and that is also providence." What can The Duke do with Providence! ”
Sima Geng, zi zi niu.
The cow is talkative and impatient. He asked Confucius what benevolence was, and Confucius said, "A man with benevolence, he speaks very cautiously. Zi Niu said, "Speaking cautiously, can it be regarded as benevolence?" Confucius said, "It is very difficult to implement, can we not be cautious when we say it?" ”
Zi Niu asked what it means to be a gentleman, and Confucius said, "A gentleman is not sorrowful or afraid." Zi Niu said, "Do not be sorrowful, not afraid, so that you can be called a gentleman?" Confucius said, "If you have done so, what is worth worrying about, what is worth fearing!" ”
Fan whiskers, words late. Fan Su was thirty-six years younger than Confucius.
Fan Su asked Confucius how to grow crops, and Confucius said, "I am inferior to the old farmer in this regard." Fan Su asked how to grow vegetables, and Confucius said, "I am not as good as a vegetable farmer in this regard." After Fan Chi withdrew, Confucius said, "Fan Su is a shallow-minded villain!" If the ruler advocates etiquette, then no one among the common people dares to disrespect him; if the ruler is benevolent and justified, then no one among the common people dares to disobey him; if the ruler is sincere and trustworthy, then no one among the common people dares to treat him with sincerity and sincerity. If this is the case, then the people on all sides will carry their children behind their backs, where they need to grow their own crops! ”
Fan Su asked Confucius what benevolence was, and Confucius said, "Benevolence is about loving others." Fan Su asked what wisdom was, and Confucius said, "Wisdom is the ability to understand others." ”
There are forty-three years younger than Confucius. It is said: "The application of etiquette is the most valuable when it is just right." Of the late kings' ways of governing, this is the wisest of them. But all matters, big and small things are handled according to this principle, and sometimes there are places where it does not work; it is also impossible to blindly pursue harmony blindly knowing the importance of harmony, without using etiquette to temper it. He also said, "The keeping of the covenant must be moral, so that the words spoken can stand the test of practice; respect must be in accordance with etiquette so as to avoid shame; and it is worthy of respect for relying on one's relatives without losing one's relatives." ”
After Confucius's death, the students missed him very much, because if he looked like Confucius, the students embraced him as a teacher and treated him as confucius did when he was alive. One day, the students questioned: "Once upon a time, Confucius asked the students to bring rain gear when he was traveling, and soon it did rain. The students asked, 'On what basis did sir know it was going to rain?' The gentleman said, 'Doesn't that say this in the poem?' "The moon is close to Bisu, and then it will rain heavily." Didn't the moon stay overnight in the overnight position? One day, the moon stayed overnight, and it didn't rain. Shang Qu was very old but still childless, and his mother wanted to marry him another wife. Confucius sent Shang Qu to the State of Qi, and Shang Qu's mother asked Confucius not to send Shang Qu to the State of Qi for the time being. Confucius said, 'Don't worry, Shang Qu will have five sons when he is forty years old.' And so it went. What does sir know about this? "If you are silent, you have nothing to answer. The students got up and said, "Sir, you should take shelter, this position is not for you to sit in!" ”
Gongxi Chi, Zihua. Gongxi Chi was forty-two years younger than Confucius.
Zihua sent an envoy to the State of Qi, and Ran You asked Confucius for some millet on behalf of his mother. Confucius said, "Give her a kettle." Ran had a request for an increase, and Confucius said, "Give him a Yu." As a result, Ran You gave her Wubing Xiaomi. Confucius said: "When Gong Xichi went to the State of Qi, he took a fat horse-drawn carriage and wore a light and warm leather coat. I have heard that gentlemen should give relief to those in urgent need, not to the rich. ”
Wu Ma Shi, the word zi banner. Wu Mashi was thirty years younger than Confucius.
Chen Sifu asked Confucius, "Does Lu Zhaogong understand etiquette?" Confucius said, "Understand etiquette." After Confucius went out, Chen Si defeated Wu Mashi and said, "I heard that a gentleman is not selfish and protects anyone, but can a gentleman also be selfish and protect others?" Lu Jun married a woman from the State of Wu as his wife and named her Mencius. Mencius's original surname was Ji, and it was taboo to use the same surname, so she was called Mencius. If Lu Jun knows etiquette, then who else doesn't know etiquette! Wu Mashi told Confucius what Chen Si had said, and Confucius said, "I am really lucky to have Kong Qiu, and if there is a fault, others will definitely let me know." As subordinates and sons of man, we cannot say that the kings and fathers are at fault, and those who avoid them are the ones who understand etiquette. ”
Liang Yu, the character Uncle Fish, was twenty-nine years younger than Confucius.
Yan Xing, zi liu, was forty-six years younger than Confucius.
Ran Ru ( Ran Ru ) , also spelled ZiLu , was fifty years younger than Confucius.
Cao Zi, the character Xun, is fifty years younger than Confucius.
Bo Qian, zi analysis, was fifty years younger than Confucius.
Gongsun Long, zizi shi, was fifty-three years younger than Confucius.
There were thirty-five people from Zishi and above, and their ages, names, and employment are clearly recorded in the literature. The remaining forty-two men, who are of no age and who are not documented, are reproduced below:
Ran Ji, word production.
Gongzu Sentence Zi, Zi Zhi.
Qin Zu, Zi Zi Nan.
Lacquer carving, characters.
Yan Gao, the character is proud.
The soil is red, and the character is disciple.
Shi Zuoshu, Yu Ziming.
Any uneven, word selection.
Gong Liang, the word is right.
In the back, in the words.
Qin Ran, the word opens.
Gongxia head, word multiplication.
傒容箴, 字子皙。
Male shoulder fixed, word in.
Yan Zu, zi xiang.
鄡單, zi jia.
Han father black, word suo.
Qin Shang, Zi Pi.
Shen Dang, Word Week.
Servant of Yan, Uncle Zi.
Glory flag, word prayer.
County Cheng, the word Zi Qi.
Left Ren Yin, character line.
Yan Ling, word si.
Zheng Guo, zi disciple.
Qin Fei, zizhi.
Shi Zhichang, the word Ziheng.
Yan, the word sound.
Step uncle ride, word car.
Origin.
Happy, word sound.
Incorruptible, word mediocre.
Shu Zhonghui, word period.
Yan He, the word Ran.
Di Hei, word 皙.
Bang Xun, the word 匯.
Gongxi youru, on the word.
Gong Xi Bao, on the word.
Tai Shi Gong said: Among the scholars of later generations, many people have described Confucius's seventy disciples, and among those who praise them, some of them are exaggerated; among those who slander them, some have damaged their true image, but no one has ever seen their true appearance, and the materials that discuss and explain the deeds of Confucius's disciples are more in line with the actual situation from Kong's ancient texts. I collected the names, words, deeds, and other situations of Confucius's disciples all taken from the disciples' Q&A in the Analects, and arranged them into one, and the places where there were doubts were vacant.
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