[It began in the third year of Chuping (192)]
Those who hold this view include Zhao Keyao, Xu Daoxun, Chen Shoushi, gao min, and so on.
Zhao Keyao and Xu Daoxun believe that in the three years of Chuping, "Cao Cao chased and defeated the Yellow Turban of Qingzhou", "How to solve the livelihood problems of many Yellow Turbans?" Cao Cao did not have enough grain to store, only to organize them to go into production." The performance is: "First, set Up Dong'a as the Tuntian area". "Second, the object of labor of the servants tun tian." "Third, obtain Dong'a and Jigu for military food." "It can be said that The East Atuntian is the result of Zaoqi using the manpower of the Qingzhou Yellow Turban to actually implement the mao jiutuntian proposal."
Chen Shoushi believes: "In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, as stated in the Book of Wei, 'since it was desolate, the rate was short of grain and grain'. This is one of the most serious problems. In December of the third year (192) of the Han XianDi Chuping Emperor, Cao Cao collected the Yellow Turban of Qingzhou, and received more than 300,000 soldiers, more than one million men and women. Collect its elite Qingzhou soldiers. This figure may be somewhat problematic, because the previous year's attack on bohai was defeated by Gongsun Zhan, and the Yellow Turban, which had many deaths and injuries, was also known as 300,000. But in any case, it is a big number. Cao Cao must have a certain grasp of the supply and a way to absorb it. At the same time, the strength of the Yellow Turban in Qingzhou exceeded Cao Wei's strength many times, so of course there was a special reason for surrendering to Cao Cao. "The design of tun tian, and the partial implementation, have already begun at this time." The distribution of tuntian for the Qingzhou soldiers and their families could have been started in individual areas before the first year of Jian'an.
Gao Min pointed out: "The Cao Wei Tun tian system was not established overnight, but underwent a process. Generally speaking, it sprouted when Mao Jiu proposed "cultivation and cultivation, livestock and military resources" in the third year of Emperor Chuping (192 AD), and continued to accumulate grain in Dong'a, and established and implemented in the tun tian promised in the first year of Jian'an. ”
[During the Xingping Period (194-195)]
Those who hold this view are represented by Li Hu and Zheng Peixin.
Li Hu believed that "Cao Cao used the Yellow Turban Army of Qingzhou for Tuntian, and the earliest could only be in the fourth year of Chuping, but never in the third year of Chuping." "Cao Cao began Tuntian during the Xingping period (194-195 AD). However, at that time, the military tun was implemented instead of the min tun, and the min tun was officially implemented in the first year of Jian'an. First, "In the second year of Xingping (195 AD), Cao Cao had already implemented Tun Tian in Yanzhou. In this year, Cao Cao and Lü Bu competed for Yanzhou, Cao Cao garrisoned Yu Chengshi, lü Bu and Chen Gong led tens of thousands of troops from Dongjiao to attack a military camp of Cao Cao", according to the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi Wu Emperor" notes the record of this military camp, "This 'Tun camp' is both a combat unit and a production unit. It clearly has the nature of 'fighting and fielding'" as a military telecommunications character." "Cao Wei Tun Tian generally called Mintun 'Tun' and Juntun 'Camp', and the 'Tun Camp' of the second year of Xingping was the prototype of Juntun.". Second, "Cao Cao's measures of tun tian, which were produced while fighting, should be said to have been implemented more widely in Yanzhou's sphere of influence." In the second year of Xingping, "Cao Cao accepted Xun Yu's advice, so he ordered his generals to 'harvest the wheat, resume the war with Bu, divide the troops into counties, and the cloth was defeated and taken away, and the Yanzhou tunnel was flat'. "Cao Cao ordered his subordinates to 'harvest wheat in a big way,' so we know that the above-mentioned 'tun camps' are no longer an isolated phenomenon, but are widely promoted among the units to which Cao Cao belongs." Third, "How did the 'great harvest' of the second year of Xingping get it?" It would not have been possible to have harvested it had not been planted in the previous year (the first year of the improvisational Ping Dynasty), and in fact Cao Cao had already begun to implement military tun in the first year of Xingping (194 AD). ”
Zheng Peixin believes: "Cao Wei's tun tian system is divided into two kinds: civil tun and military tun. Mintun began in 196 AD with the promise of Tun Tian, after which the Cao Wei government popularized this system throughout the country, making 'prefectures and counties upside down'. The implementation of the military tun began around 194-195 AD. ”
[Jian'an First Year (196)]
Historians mostly hold this view. Represented by Zhai Bozan, Zhao Youwen and Shu Shicheng.
Zhai Bozan believes: "The cruel exploitation of the landlord class has destroyed agricultural production. The long-term and powerful annexation war has made it even more difficult for agricultural production in the north to be carried out. "A large amount of wasteland cannot be cultivated, agricultural production is seriously decayed, and the people live in hunger." While all the separatists turned a blind eye to this difficult situation, Cao Cao took the advice of Zao Qi and Han Hao and set out to set out to tun tian JiGu. In the first year of Jian'an, Cao Cao attacked Runan, Yingchuan Yellow Turban, seized a large number of laborers and farming tools, and opened up tuntian fields near Xuchang, with great results. Subsequently, Cao Cao ordered the county to appoint a field official, recruit exiled Tun Tian, and use the Guoyuan Dian Tun Tian affairs. Guoyuan 'treated the people with the soil, counted the people as officials, and clearly understood the law of lessons', and extensively implemented the tun tian system. ”
Zhao Youwen said: "In the first year of Jian'an, Cao Cao took Xuchang and established a base area, so he gathered his staff and held a meeting on the profits and losses of the current government to discuss eliminating the crisis caused by the political and military grain shortage. Han Hao and Zao Qi accepted the historical experience of the Western Regions of Tuntian in the Han Dynasty, combined with the objective conditions that existed at that time, and put forward a preliminary plan for the establishment of Tuntian, which Cao Cao immediately accepted and put into practice. After the meeting, it was decided to set up Tun Tian, and he ordered Zao Qi to serve as the governor of Tun Tian. Using the manpower and material resources at that time, Tuntian was piloted outside Xuchang City. ”
Shu Shicheng said: "Cao Cao already had the determination to set up Tuntian, why did it not be held until the first year of Jian'an? This is related to the social system of the time. According to the tradition of the Han Dynasty, all the recruits and migrants were provided by the government to provide for their livelihood and arrange production until the people received a harvest, which was necessary for the rulers to ensure the acquisition of labor manpower. 'Recruiting people to tun tian' not only to supply production tools, but also to provide tenants with life, requires a large fee, so until the first year of Jian'an, 'breaking the yellow scarf, stipulating permission, and obtaining thieves' can be held. ”