Grammar Notes for Standard Japanese Elementary (Part 1) Unit 1 (1)

In the first unit of the standard day (part 1), the two basic sentence patterns in Japanese, the judgment sentence and the existential sentence, are explained, and the corresponding question, negative and response methods are explained. Sentences that use nouns as predicates are called judgment sentences (noun sentences), and sentences that use the existential verb ある (inanimate objects) or いる (living objects) as predicates are called existence sentences.

Unit 1 Xiao Li goes to Japan

Grammar learning notes

Lesson 1 Mr. Lee is Chinese.

1. Name phrase: N is N. This is the main part,~. The assistant is the mains of the presentation for the use, and the 读 [Wa]

Mr. Lee is Chinese.

2. Famous expression denial expression: N is not N / Not / ~ Disapproval ~

Mr. Mori is not a student.

3. Formal question format and answer: Is N N? / Assistance or doubt. "Useless in the daily phrase phrase"? ”。 Answers For "Yes", "No", /"Yes, it is", "No, no," "I do not know".

Is Mr. Kim Chinese?

- No, I'm not Chinese.

Are you Mr. Ono?

- Yes, I'm Mr. Ono.

4. Connecting nouns, the usage of the auxiliary word "の" that indicates the affiliation of things: N の N/table subordinate, the preceding noun is the institution, country, or attribute to which the subsequent noun is subordinate.

Mr. Lee is an employee of JC Planning.

Lesson 2 This is a book.

1. Instructional material fee: This, it, that,,"Considerable 于汉语这, 这个", "Na, Na, Na".

Sentence type: This/It/That is N.

<col>

classify

Recently

Medium

Far-reaching

Indefinitely

thing

This

That

That

which

instructions

This

that

Excuse me

which

This is a book.

It's a bag.

That is television.

2. Shu-na Najiki: This, that,

Sentence pattern: This/That/That N is N.

This camera is Mr. Smith's.

The bicycle is Mr. Mori's.

Whose is that notebook?

3. When you don't know what specific things or people you are indicating, you need to use the question words when asking the other person:

What, who, which, which

どれ、どの is a question word used when you are not sure which one is one of more than three things.

Which is Mr. Mori's bag?

Which desk is Mr. Ono's?

4.N の N/adverb の connects nouns and nouns to indicate belonging.

▶ My key

Lesson 3 This is a department store.

1. Here/there/there is N.

Instructions,For here/there/over there. The display position system give this, it, and that homology.

This is a department store.

It is a library there.

That's the entrance.

2. N is location N.

The dining room is on the 7th floor of the department store.

Mr. Ono is in the office. /Ono Woman Presenting Place.

The Japanese です has a broader meaning than the Chinese looking for the "yes" denotes, and the example sentence above indicates the location of Ms. Ono, not that Ms. Ono is the office.

3. Where is N?

Used to inquire about the place of existence.

Where is the toilet?

- That's it.

Where is your bag?

---My bag is here.

4. N is also N.

も is basically equivalent to the Chinese word "also"

▶ This is a building planned by JC.

　That is also a building of JC project.

▶ Mr. Lee is Chinese.

　Zhang-san is also Chinese.

▶ Are you Chinese, too?

5.Is N1 N2 or N3?

When you ask one of the multiple possibilities for answers, you can reuse the predicate ~ですか. Since the question is asked, you cannot answer with はい or いいえ.

▶ Is the bag section on the first floor or the second floor?

▶ Is it Wednesday or Thursday today?

▶ Is Mr. Hayashi Korean, Japanese, or Chinese?

――I'm Japanese.

6. How much is N?

How much for 询问价钱

▶ How much is the dress?

Lesson 4 There is a desk and a chairs in the room.

1. There is >/being

Represents the existence of a thing.

ある is used for flowers, grasses, and other things that do not have a will.

いる is used for people, animals, or insects with will.

Style:

There is N (thing / person) in N (place).

▶ There is a desk in the room.

▶ I have a child in the park.

N (thing/person) is in N (place).

▶ The iss is located in the room.

▶ Where is the dog?

2. N とN (juxtaposition)/adjuvant と加 represents a juxtaposition between two nouns.

▶ Beer and whiskey

3. Top/Bottom/Front/Back/Next/Medium/Outside

Display specific position time,For "N+ + top / bottom / front / back / next / middle / outside"

▶ There is a cat on the desk.

▶ There is a florist next to the company.

▶ The shop is outside the station.

*In Japanese, "up" only means vertically above.

4. Ne (confirmation)

When the speaker asks the listener for permission on something, use the auxiliary word "ね" at the end of the sentence.

▶ There is a bank in front of the station.

5. Questionable + also + verb (negation)

Indicates a full negative.

▶ There is nothing in the fridge.