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Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

author:Xuan Xuan read history

After the "918" incident, the Japanese military plotted to provoke an incident in Shanghai in order to divert international attention from the Northeast issue. At that time, the Nineteenth Route Army stationed in Shanghai was an army full of anti-Japanese sentiment, with the commander-in-chief Jiang Guangnai and the commander Cai Tingkai. The officers and men were mainly from Guangdong, with three divisions of about 30,000 people. After the September 18 Incident, officers and men have been asking to go to the northeast to resist the enemy.

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance
Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

Cai Tingkai and Jiang Guangnai

On the night of January 28, 1932, the Japanese Marines raided Shanghai Zhabei in three ways, and the Songhu War of Resistance officially broke out in 128, and the 19th Route Army, under the command of Commander-in-Chief Jiang Guangnai and Commander Cai Tingkai, rose up to resist and gave the Japanese army a head-on blow.

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

Soldiers of the Nineteenth Route Army who resisted on simple fortifications

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

War threatens every ordinary Chinese, and the picture shows the two words "national disaster" on the street wall of Shanghai

The first Japanese attack was tiantong'an road, and the brigade commander of the nineteenth route army stationed here, Weng Zhaoyuan, ordered an immediate return. The fighting quickly expanded to the Zhabei area. In the early morning of the 29th, Japanese aircraft flying from the Japanese aircraft carrier bombed downtown Shanghai, and the North Railway Station and the Commercial Press were blown into ruins.

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

At the Commercial Press, which was blown up by Japanese aircraft, the loss of books and classics cannot be estimated.

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

Shanghai Zhabei, which was bombed to ruins by the Japanese army

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The machine gunners of the Nineteenth Route Army kept up with Japanese air raids

The citizens of Shanghai enthusiastically supported the 19th Route Army in combat, organized the rebel brave army, intelligence team, transport team, etc., and the citizens enthusiastically collected donations for the army. The Japanese army grabbed the car driver Hu Amao and forced him to deliver ammunition and other materials for the Japanese army, Hu Amao resolutely drove the truck full of ammunition and the Japanese army into the Huangpu River, and Hu Amao's spirit of dedication to saving the country inspired the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians in the battle.

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The Chinese army fought on the positions

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

Japanese sentry in the tree

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The Japanese attacked under the cover of chariots

The Nineteenth Route Army fought alone on the front line and repeatedly asked the Nationalist government for help. All circles were very dissatisfied with the National Government's practice of not moving, and they severely criticized it. Chiang Kai-shek could not explain to the chinese people without sending troops, and after 20 days of fighting alone in the Nineteenth Route Army, he decided to send his loyal units, the Eighty-eighth Division and the Eighty-seventh Division, to form the Fifth Army, led by commander Zhang Zhizhong, to Shanghai to participate in the battle.

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The Fifth Army was in position at Wusongkou

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

Zhang Zhizhong, commander of the Fifth Army

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The 19th Route Army repelled the Japanese attack near the Bazi Bridge, and the picture shows the soldiers of the 19th Route Army collecting their guns

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The Japanese army was defeated from the Bazi Bridge, and the soldiers of the Nineteenth Route Army were in pursuit

After repeated defeats, the Japanese Navy had to turn to the Japanese Army for help. The Japanese Ninth Division landed reinforcements in Shanghai and Wusongkou, and the division commander Kenkichi Ueda commanded the shanghai campaign. At this time, Zhang Zhi's Central Fifth Army had arrived on the battlefield, with Zhang Zhizhong as the commander-in-chief of the Left Wing Army, Cai Tingkai as the commander-in-chief of the Right Wing Army, and Jiang Guangnai as the commander-in-chief of the battlefield. The Fifth Army worked closely with the Nineteenth Route Army to inflict heavy casualties on the Japanese army and to make slow progress.

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The Japanese Marines who provoked the 128 Incident

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

Japanese Army reinforcements across the sea

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The Japanese suffered heavy casualties at the Battle of Jiangwan

With little progress in the war, the Japanese army continued to send the 11th and 14th Divisions to establish the "Shanghai Dispatch Army" headquarters, and Shirakawa Yoshinori landed behind the Chinese army behind the Qiyakou with the commander. By this time, the Japanese army had nearly 100,000 people, more than 100 aircraft, three aircraft carriers, and a large number of warships. The Defenders of Shanghai, China, were not only far inferior in equipment to the Japanese, but also inferior in numbers. The front-line generals again asked the Nanjing government for support, but Chiang Kai-shek was reluctant to transfer a large number of troops from the suppression of the Communists to the front line to resist Japan.

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

Yoshinori Shirakawa, commander-in-chief of the Japanese "Shanghai Dispatch Army", was later assassinated by The Korean patriot Yoon Bong-gil sent by Wang Yaqiao

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The Japanese plane that was shot down in Zhenru

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

The Japanese army landed at Wusongkou

After the 128 Incident, the stubborn resistance of the Chinese army was praised by world public opinion. In the months before that, the Northeast Army did nothing in the face of Japanese aggression, which humiliated the Chinese soldiers in front of the world. The Shanghai war has saved the reputation of chinese soldiers and proved that Chinese soldiers never lack the courage to defend the motherland.

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

In May 1932, nurses from the Guangdong School for Women and Children rushed from Guangdong to Suzhou to mourn the fallen Cantonese soldiers

Figure 1. The 28th Songhu War of Resistance

On May 28, 1932, the "Memorial Conference for the Anti-Japanese Fallen Soldiers of All Parties" was held in Suzhou, and the Girl Scouts hung up the link sent by the Girl Scouts

The great powers were concerned about the war in Shanghai and their own interests in China, and warned of Japanese aggression in Shanghai. Fearing international isolation and the stubborn resistance of the Chinese army, Japan accepted the mediation of the British minister, and the representatives of China and Japan held armistice negotiations on British warships. An armistice was declared on 3 March, and the Shanghai Armistice Agreement was signed on 5 May.

China's troops participated in the battle, with about 50,000 troops and 14,104 casualties. The Japanese army participated in the battle with nearly 100,000 troops and 10,254 casualties.

The Songhu War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression brought unprecedented embodiment to the first climax of the nation's anti-Japanese salvation movement. The cohesion of going to the country together and resisting Japan has been transformed into the fighting strength of fighting with the same enemy and resisting courageously, and the unity and self-confidence of the Chinese nation have been enhanced. The heroic resistance of the Chinese soldiers was completely different from the rout and flight after the September 18 Incident, which swept away the low mood of national subjugation and extinction that pervaded the whole country.