In the eleventh year of the Mandate of Heaven (1626), Nurhaci was defeated in attacking Ningyuan and withdrew with resentment, returning to Shenyang on the ninth day of the month. After this war, Nurhaci's life will come to an end, and his death, Ning Yuan's defeat, is actually the cause.
The Battle of Ningyuan was the first time since the Later Jin and Ming wars that the Ming dynasty fought such a great victory, and the great victory of Ningyuan spread to the Beijing Division and celebrated. Wang Yongguang, the Shangshu of the Bingbu Army, said: "The Liaozuo has made trouble, the cities have been looking forward to the wind and the wind, and in the past eight years, thieves have begun to fall, but they know that there are people in China." Ming XiZong also said heartily: "This has never been seen in the past seven or eight years, and it is deep enough to breathe for the feudal territory." The victory at the Battle of Ningyuan excited the Ming court, and Yuan Chonghuan was greatly shocked, and he was promoted to the position of Right Governor Yushi and was commended by Emperor Xizong's Seal Book. Yuan Chonghuan's victory in the Battle of Ningyuan under the unfavorable conditions of a strong enemy and a weak foreign aid was also a miracle.
The defeat of Nurhaci Yuyuan was first of all that the Eight Banner Soldiers were not good at attacking strong points and were accustomed to fierce battles in the wilderness, but the Battle of Ningyuan forced the Houjin soldiers to abandon their strengths and use their weaknesses and fight a difficult offensive
War, followed by Nurhaci, made the mistake of being proud of his army and defeating himself, and took the lord as his master
Passengers, cannons made of arrows, and eventually lost. As Liu Xuecheng, a later Jin minister, said: "Khan took Guangning from himself
Since the years of the soldiers of the horse infantry have not fought, the Lord will be lazy, and the soldiers will not have the will to fight. At the same time, the car ladder rattan brand is decayed, the equipment is not sharp, and the sweat is far from easy, so the heavens are laborious to Khan. ”
The Battle of Ningyuan had a great impact on the situation at that time. In the later Jin Dynasty, the Eight Banners Army was afraid of the Ming Army, especially timid in attacking tough battles. On the side of the Ming Dynasty, the military might was greatly enhanced, breaking the fear of the invincibility of the Later Jin army. The Mongol Chahar and Khalkha tribes mistakenly believed that Nurhaci's entire army was destroyed, and moved closer to the Ming Dynasty, intercepting and killing Houjin's envoys one after another, making enemies of Houjin. After the defeat of Nurhacinin, the King of Joseon changed from a superficial attitude of sitting on both sides to openly supporting the Ming army and receiving mao Wenlong's military salary
After the Battle of Ningyuan, Houjin's difficulty deepened. Nurhaci wondered if he was overthinking, physically tired, and pessimistic in his lack of confidence. In order to hide the bitterness of Ning Yuan's defeat, he led the dissatisfaction of his generals to the Mongols. He reneged on the Mongol oath of reneging on the oath of "marching with him, and making peace with him" (2), and asked for his guilt.
On the fourth day of the first month of April in the eleventh year of the Mandate of Heaven (1626), he personally led an expedition to the Mongolian Khalkha of Fried Flower and Bahrain. The blow to Khalkha was heavy. The remnants of the fried flowers "look to the northwest and run to the tiger chief (Lin Dan Khan). The "Ming History + Tatar Biography" records this battle: "The Qing soldiers attacked the fried flowers, and all the troops were scattered. "Nurhaci returned victorious. On May 21, Mongolian Horqin Obabel came to Shenyang, and Nurhaci went out of the city 10 miles to open a tent to greet him. However, none of this resolved the pain that Nurhaci had accumulated because of the defeat of Ning Yuan's army.
On June 24, Nurhaci exhorted his sons to make peace with each other, adhere to the principle of "eight points" distribution, and reaffirm the principle of "co-governance" of the eight baylors. This edict read quite a will, reflecting Nurhaci's complex mentality of restlessness, sadness, and disgust
Nurhaci became ill, and on July 23, the illness worsened, and he had to go to the Qinghe Hot Spring to recuperate Nurhaci to Qinghe, and on the first day of August, he sent Amin Belle to worship the temple with a book, begging for the blessing of the gods and ancestors, and the sacrifice text said: "Father, Er's son Khan is ill, because he set up a father statue to sacrifice him." The beggar's illness healed quickly, and everything was helped. After the child is healed, he will be sacrificed on the first day of each month. If I don't heal, I can't help it. "Amin finished reading the sacrifice text, killed the cow, burned the paper, and sacrificed the gods. But Nurhaci's condition is still getting worse.
On the sixth day of the first month of August, Nurhaci rushed back to Shenyang, took a boat down the Taizi River, and sent a message to The Great Fortune Jin Abahai to come and greet him at the Hun River. On August 11, when he arrived at The Chicken Fort, 40 miles east of Shenyang, he suddenly suffered a back gangrene (poisonous sore on the skin) and died at the age of 68.
Regarding nurhaci's death, there has long been a saying that when attacking Ningyuan, he was wounded and killed by shelling. This statement is not true, but it is because of the lack of emotional comfort after the defeat, resulting in carbuncle in the back and death. It has been proved by recent scholars.
Nurhaci is a national hero of the Manchus in China and an outstanding politician and military figure in Chinese history.
Nurhaci, the chief of a small tribe of Jurchens in Jianzhou, bent his bow and archery, and after 36 years of conquest war, unified the Jurchen tribes and ended the long-term division, turmoil and chaos within the Jurchen tribe. In the process of unifying the Jurchens, with the Jurchens as the core, some Han, Mongolian, koreans, etc. were absorbed, forming a Manchu community that dared to forge ahead, was brave and good at war, thus bringing the Jurchen society into a new historical period.