Xia: Qi, Dudiqiu, Anyi
Shang: Tang, Du Bo [bó], Yin
Western Zhou: Fa (姬发, suspected irregular), King Wu of Zhou, Du Haojing (present-day southwest of Xi'an)
Eastern Zhou: Yi Usu (姬宜臼, suspected irregular), King Ping of Zhou, Duluoyi (present-day Luoyang)
Qin: YingZheng, Qin Shi Huang or First Emperor, Capital Xianyang (present-day northeast of Xianyang)
Western Han Dynasty: Liu Bang, Han Gaozu, Capital Chang'an (present-day Xi'an)
Eastern Han Dynasty: Liu Xiu, Guangwu Emperor, Du Luoyang
Three Kingdoms of Wei: Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, Du Luoyang
Three Kingdoms shu: Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie, chengdu
Three Kingdoms Wu: Sun Quan, Emperor, Du Jianye (present-day Nanjing)
Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin, Du Luoyang
Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sima Rui, Emperor Yuan of Jin, All Healthy (present-day Nanjing)
Sixteen nations, slightly
Southern Song Dynasty Song Dynasty, also known as Liu Song, Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of Song, all healthy (present-day Nanjing)
Southern Dynasty Qi, also known as Xiao Qi, Xiao Daocheng, Qi Gao Emperor, All Healthy (present-day Nanjing)
Southern Dynasty Liang, also known as Xiao Liang, Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang, all healthy (present-day Nanjing)
Southern Dynasty Chen, also known as Southern Chen, Chen Baxian, Emperor Wu of Chen, all healthy (present-day Nanjing)
Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba Jue, Daowu Emperor, Dushengle (present-day Hohhot City and Shengle Town, Linger County), later moved to Pingcheng (present-day Datong), and moved to Luoyang in 493
Northern Dynasty Eastern Wei, Yuan Shanmi, Emperor Xiaojing, Duyi (near present-day Linzhang)
Northern Qi, known historically as Northern Qi, Gao Yang, Emperor Wenxuan, Duyi (near present-day Linzhang)
Northern Dynasty Western Wei, Yuan Baoju, Emperor Wen of Wei, Capital Chang'an (present-day Xi'an)
Northern Zhou Dynasty, known historically as Northern Zhou, Yuwen Jue, Emperor Xiaomin, and the capital Chang'an (present-day Xi'an)
Sui, Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of Sui, Du Daxing (present-day Xi'an)
Tang, Li Yuan, Tang Gaozu, and the capital Chang'an (present-day Xi'an)
Five Dynasties of Liang, known historically as Later Liang, Zhu Wen, Liang Taizu, Du Bian (present-day Kaifeng)
Five Dynasties of Tang, known historically as Later Tang, Li Cunxun, Tang Zhuangzong, du Luoyang
Five Dynasties of Jin, known historically as Later Jin, Shi Jingyao, Gaozu of Jin, Dubei (present-day Kaifeng)
Five Dynasties Han Dynasty, known historically as Later Han, Liu Zhiyuan, Han Gaozu, Du bian (present-day Kaifeng)
Five Dynasties Zhou, known historically as Later Zhou, Guo Wei, Zhou Taizu, Du Bian (present-day Kaifeng)
Ten kingdoms, slightly
Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, Du Fenjing (present-day Kaifeng)
Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Zhao, Song Gaozong, Du Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou)
Liao, Yelü Abaoji, Liao Taizu, four-hour bowl system, the five capitals are Shangjing LinhuangFu (present-day Balin Zuoqi, Chifeng City), Zhongjing Dadingfu (present-day Ningcheng County, Chifeng City), Tokyo LiaoyangFu (present-day Liaoyang), Xijing Datongfu (present-day Datong), Nanjing Jingjinfu (present-day Beijing)
Western Xia, Li Yuanhao, Xia Jingzong, DuxingqingFu (present-day Yinchuan)
Jin, Jin Taizu, Duning Province (槹宁府, near present-day Acheng, Heilongjiang Province), later moved to Beijing
Yuan, Kublai Khan, Yuan Shizu, both of which patrolled the xingxing system, Dadu (present-day Beijing), Shangdu (present-day Zhenglan banner, Inner Mongolia)
Ming, Zhu Yuanzhang, Ming Taizu, the capital nanjing, later moved to Beijing
Qing, Ai Xin Jue Luo Fu Lin, Qing Shizu, all beijing