Weng Fei
Poetry is one of the oldest and most fundamental forms of literature in the world. Chinese culture has a long history, broad and profound, in the long river of history, chinese ancient poetry in the genre, experienced the poetry classic - Chu Ci - Han Fu - Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties folk songs - Han Wei Six Dynasties literati poetry - Tang Dynasty ancient style - Xinlefu - Gelug poetry - Song Ci - Yuan qu - modern poetry continuity and evolution, inheritance and innovation, emerged countless masterpieces. These exquisite and elegant poetic forms, as well as the rich and delicate and novel and unique artistic conceptions contained in them, are the crystallization of wisdom and spiritual perception, and the peak of Chinese formal aesthetics. Poetry, which makes the sky of Chinese literature shine brightly, has become an irreplaceable treasure of China's excellent traditional culture treasure, and has a very respected status.
Ancient place names are also an important part of the outstanding heritage of the Chinese nation formed in the course of historical evolution. Professor Ge Jianxiong of Fudan University, a well-known historical geographer, pointed out: "A place name is not only the spatial scope and time range represented by a name, but also many aspects of the content other than the place name itself. When we talk about geographical names now, we often ignore their temporal significance and concept, because a geographical name, whether it is a point or a surface, is delimited by geographical coordinates and with specific boundaries. But any spatial range is actually related to a certain time range, this time range is either long or short, and in this time range it is related to many things and factors other than place names, so in addition to their original meaning, place names also have their historical, cultural, social, national and other aspects of meaning. (Ge Jianxiong: "Place Names, History and Culture", originally published in Guangming Daily, September 24, 2015)
There are many elements that make up place names: (1) natural landscapes (2) ecological properties (3) surnames of residents (4) important historical sites and legends of people (5) folk gods and primitive beliefs (6) primitive place names and expatriates brought about by immigrant cultures, and so on. It has a certain sense of orientation and scope; at the same time, it can be adjusted, evolved and changed with the evolution of the times, and has a sense of history and the times. All in all, there are various geographical phenomena in the life of ancient culture, and the formation of ancient culture itself is closely related to the geographical environment. Therefore, a large number of famous poems and many popular poems that have survived in history contain extremely rich geographical knowledge. We often say: poetry, poetry lyricism, poetry, poetry. Among them, there are two categories of "yongwu" and "writing scenery", especially the poems that write scenery, which describe countless historical place names and landscapes. Under the pen of poets of all generations, these ancient place names have been rendered and vivid, becoming a beautiful scene, and thus endlessly, recited through the generations, and become a rare local historical and cultural heritage. Ancient poetry and ancient place names have a natural, water-milk connection, and the combination of the two complements each other.
The author of this book, Dr. Wang Jian, a young teacher at Hefei University of Technology, saw the valuable cultural resources contained in the combination of the two, blazed a trail, worked tirelessly, excavated and combed in depth, and compiled this "Hefei in Ancient Poetry", adding a masterpiece of regional poetry culture to Hefei City, the capital of Anhui Province, and filling the gap in the culture of place names.
The city we live in, Hefei, is an ancient city with a long history and a modern new city that has developed rapidly since the founding of New China. According to mr. Xia Youcai, a senior planning expert in Hefei, "Hefei began to develop into a city from the Luzi Kingdom, the initial time should be 1046 BC, and it has a history of 3095 years (Xia Youcai: "Introduction to Hefei Urban Planning seventy years"). "From the division of the Chaobo state and the Luzi state in the pre-Qin period to the implementation of the county system in the unification of the six kingdoms of Qin, Hefei became the first city in China's feudal dynasty to establish a county. The earliest written record of his name can be found in the historian Sima Qian's "History of Cargo Colonization": "Hefei is affected by the tide of the north and south, and the leather, abalone, and wood will also be lost." Later, another great historian, Ban Gu, also repeated this record in the "Book of Han and Geography", and said in an aggravated tone: "Hefei was defeated by the leather, abalone, and wood of the North and South Lakes. The historical geography masterpiece Li Daoyuan's Notes on the Water Classics states: "Xia Shui soared," Shi (present-day Nanmihe) merged with Fei (present-day Dongmihe), so it was known as Hefei. It directly pointed out the origin of Hefei's name. The first three parts of the twenty-four histories: "History", "Book of Han", and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" have clear records of Hefei, because of its important geographical location in cargo breeding (economy, trade), transportation, military, and water conservancy, integrating the north and the south, communicating the east and the west, and was an important town in the Jianghuai region for a long time. In particular, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Cao Wei and Eastern Wu fought in Hefei more than 200 times.
Qin Shi Huang unified the whole country, and established the county system as the first county, "setting Jiujiang County, whose initial county was governed by Xiang'an (located in present-day Wuwei County, Chaohu City), 'unifying the three counties of Hefei, Juchao, and Xiang'an' ([Qing] Guangxu's "Continuation of The Chronicle of Luzhou Prefecture", vol. 4, "History and History"), and "Lu yi li cheng as Hefei County" ([Ming] Yang Jixun's "Luyang Keji"). Until the Qing Dynasty, the historical site of Hefei city changed four times, and people often used "the hometown of the Three Kingdoms, Bao Zheng's hometown, the cradle of the Huai Army, and the famous city of science and education" as the historical and cultural business card of Hefei City. In 2001, the then Hefei Municipal Government erected monuments to 21 historical place-name monuments in the old city, and the shape of these place-name monuments was designed as an open book, which carried the imprint of a party's toponymic culture and was a window to show the historical context of the city to the world. Of course, this is far from enough today.
With the adjustment of administrative divisions, chaohu lake and Lujiang river were assigned to Hefei in August 2011, and Chaohu Lake, one of the five major freshwater lakes in the country, has completely become the "inner lake" in the arms of Hefei. Now, as a sub-central city in the Yangtze River Delta of "Great Lake City and Innovation Highland", Hefei is struggling to rise at an unprecedented speed. The famous city of Dahu is not only a famous city of science and education, but also a famous historical and cultural city. Because the Huanchao Lake basin under the jurisdiction of Hefei City is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization; the cultural circle around Chao Lake formed by it is an important part of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation. The objective existence of such a cultural circle has provided a strong cultural support for the economic and cultural development of provincial capital cities and even the rise of "Great Lakes Famous Cities".
So, how was this cultural circle around Chao Lake formed, and what kind of general situation and characteristics did it have? Judging from the archaeological excavations of ancient civilizations and the historical inheritance of the Xia Shang Zhou, the ancient Luzhou area and the ancient Chaozhou area were originally integrated, and the King of Zhou Wu destroyed the Shang feudal state, and the part of the Chao Bo State was the Luzi State, and since then Lu and Chao have been separated, but there are many overlaps between the two countries in the literature. Until the Qing Dynasty, the area around Chao Lake was roughly equivalent to the Luzhou Capital under the rule of Anhui Province (Fuzhi Hefei, leading Hefei, Lujiang, Chao County, Shucheng County and Wuwei Prefecture), which is basically Zhang Ben of today's Great Hefei. In this area, there is a landmark primitive cultural site, Lingjiatan, which represents the origin of civilization in the Huanchao Lake Basin; there is a common dialect of the drama - Lu Opera, the audience is more than 16 million residents of the Huanchao Lake Basin; as far as folklore is concerned, the seasonal customs of the entire Huanchao Lake Basin are basically the same.
From the perspective of talent distribution, this is an ancient battlefield where soldiers and families must contend, such as the famous military strategists Fan Zeng, Wang Yingbu of Jiujiang, and Zhou Yu, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms, who were named "two dukes and two marquises" at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Yu Tingyu, Yu Tonghai, the father and son of The Water Division of Chaohu, and the brothers of Liao Yong'an, and Liao Yong'an, until the modern Huai Army's famous generals Liu Mingchuan, Zhang Shusheng, Zhang Shushan, Zhou Shengbo, Zhou Shengchuan, Tang Diankui, Liu Bingzhang, Pan Dingxin, Wu Changqing, Nie Shicheng, as well as Ding Ruchang, admiral of the Beiyang Navy, and Duan Qirui, the leader of the Beiyang Anhui warlords. During the Republic of China period, the famous three generals of the Chao County Communist Party - Feng Yuxiang, Zhang Zhizhong, Li Kenong, etc., were all born here, which can really be described as a brilliant star. Here is also the place where the cultures of the north and the south blend, and the sages of the past generations have emerged in an endless stream, and the ancient high-ranking people Xu You and Chao Father Woniu Mountain have lived in seclusion and left behind the ear washing pond; the Prince of Zhou Ling, Qiao Ziweishan, has cultivated the Dao, leaving Wang QiaoDong; Ou Yezi entered ye father mountain to forge swords, and the mountain is named after people; The Western Han Dynasty Wen Weng entered shu to run a school and flowed through the centuries; The great scientist Wang Fan made the Armillary Celestial Instrument and wrote the "Hun TianTu Zhi" and "Hun Tianxiang Notes", which made outstanding contributions to the development of astronomy, and zuo ci was actually a great magician; a scholar of the Lujiang He clan in the Wei and Jin dynasties 3. Famous for a while, private history, with remarkable results. Here was born the poignant lament of "Peacock Southeast Flying", and there was also the compassion and cynicism of Zhang Zhi and Zhang Xiaoxiang. During the great cultural prosperity of the Tang and Song dynasties, the famous mountain relics here attracted countless literati and inkers, leaving Behind Liu Yuxi's "Buried Room Ming", Wang Anshi's "Journey to the Zen Mountain", Mi Fu's "Baojin Zhai Fa Ti", Du Mu, Li Qingzhao's Wujiang Bawang Ancestral Hall Poetry and so on. In modern times, due to the fierce collision of Chinese and Western cultures and the sharp transformation of society, a large number of intellectuals with modern consciousness and modern vision have emerged: the three monsters of Hefei (Wang Shangchen, Xu Ziling, Zhu Jingzhao) and their poems, Pu Demo, Pu Debiao, Pu Guangdian brothers father and son and their "Four Kinds of Ku", Wu Baochu, Liu Tiren, Wu Yanggu, Ni Yingdian, Zhu Yunshan... The list here is only the big one, but it is already dazzling and shining.
From the perspective of place-name culture, the Huanchao Lake basin of Wuhua Tianbao and the spirit of the people, due to the magic of nature and the songs and songs of the literati and scholars of the past, has preserved a large number of lake and mountain scenery in the local history. We are familiar with the "Eight Views of Luyang" in the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing's "Luzhou Fu Zhi": Shushan Xueji, Huaipu Chunrong, Zhenhuai Jiaoyun, Fansha Bells, Tibetan Boat Grass Color, Teaching Crossbow Songyin, Chaohu Night Moon, Four Peaks Chaoxia; Kangxi's "Chaoxian Chronicle" in the "Ten Views of Chao Lake": Daxiu Qingyun, Jiaohu Autumn Moon, Jinting Qushui, Wang Qiaoxian Cave, Bantang Hot Spring, Floating Hill Fishing Platform, Ear Wash Fangchi, Niushan Evening View, Yunge Lansheng, Furong Cuixiao; "Eight Views of Lujiang River" in Guangxu's "Lujiang County Chronicle": Ye Father Qinglan, Golden Bull Evening View, Green Curtain Fishing Fire, The sound of water and rain, xiuxi spring rise, Huangpi xialian, Fengtai autumn moon, white stone winter snow; and so on. All are equipped with engraved beautiful pictures. As the years passed, these attractions existed and were in ruins.
As a person with a heart, Dr. Wang Jian, in the "Introduction" of this book, the opening sentence clearly proposes:
"Hefei is located in the middle of the Eight Anhuis, at the junction of the Fei River, according to the hinterland of East China, the first county of the Jianghuai River." It has a long history, with ups and downs, booms and busts, and many chants. The poetry collection is extensive, as far as three generations, searching for the Tang and Song dynasties, and recently recording the Ming and Qing dynasties, most of which are the works of celebrities, sages, elegant people, and gentlemen. It is divided into six series, namely the earth vein linggen, the famous family line, the cultural relics, the beautiful posture of yunshan mountain, the wisdom of water and shisha waves, and the temple view of the ancestral pagoda, etc., and there are several thematic compositions under each series. ”
Therefore, he wanted to compile this "Hefei in Ancient Poetry", that is, to publicize Hefei with various ancient poems, annotations and appendices related to Hefei, introduce cooperation, understand Hefei, and can be used as a reference for literary and historical workers and appreciated by those who love traditional culture. Its ambitions are commendable, and its deeds are promising.
Judging from the content of the six series in the book, the earth pulse linggen is divided into two sub-columns: Hefei and Luzhou, that is, it is included according to geographical evolution, from small and large, from the center and extension. The famous masters xingyin includes 24 people, including Song Yu, Yu Xin, Song Zhiqing, Li Bai, Du Xunhe, Bao Zheng, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Zhou Bangyan, Lu You, Jiang Kui, Sadula, Liu Ji (Liu Bowen), Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming), Cai Xi, Gong Dingzi, Gu Mei, Li Tianfu, Li Fuqing, Yuan Ming, Huang Jingren, Zuo Fu, Li Hongzhang, Liu Mingchuan, etc., all of whom are great politicians, great writers and poets in history, some of whom are from Hefei (Luzhou) and have gone out from their hometowns to make meritorious contributions, such as Hefei Sangong Bao Zheng, Cai Xi, and Li Hongzhang Some have long been famous, or come here to benefit the officials, such as Zuo Fu, Zhou Bangyan, or the rivers and lakes wandering to thank Hefei Rongliu, such as Jiang Kui and Gu Mei; more are passing by and chanting, leaving a song for the great landscape for eternity.
This is more abundant in the next four series - humanistic relics, yunshan xiuzi, zhishui shisha wave, and ancestral pagoda temple view. The poets inscribed in these four series, whether they are native or guest, may not have prominent official positions and reputations, but they were also the party today, with infinite nostalgia and love for the landscape of Luzhou (Hefei), leaving their own hearts and songs, so that the place names and attractions on this hot land have vividly become the living memories of people's oral traditions; the number of these poems and songs is amazing. According to the author's account, he selected and recorded ancient poems of various genres, such as ancient poems, ancient styles, ancient songs, ancient ballads, and various laws of the near body, etc., with a total of 249 people and 499 articles, and the collection was extensive and numerous, which is the largest at present. This is a major feature of this book. With a book in hand, you can read all the poems related to the ancient place names of Hefei in the three generations and the Ming and Qing dynasties, understand their past and allusions, and not only increase their knowledge, but also get a pleasing and beautiful enjoyment.
Where there is poetry, there is beauty and yearning; where there is poetry, there is love, there is love, there is home; people need poetic dwelling. Through the praise of the ancient place names of Hefei that have been preserved by these dynasties and years, we can have more reason to think that the ancient city of Hefei is a historical and cultural city full of poetic and rich humanistic feelings.
The second feature of the book is its appendix, in which the author adds to the background of each series of topics by including historical materials and documents related to the topic. The content and subject matter of these appendices are also widely collected. For example, in the first column of "Earth Pulse Linggen", Hefei, appendix five: first, Hefei (construction history); second, Zhu Xian's "(Hefei) Eight Scenic Sayings"; third, Li Tianfu: "Rebuilding hefei County Confucianism"; fourth, Song Lian: "After the New Carving of the Filial Piety Collection" by Lü Jun, Ling, Hefei; fifth, Liu Kun: "Rebuilding the Hefei County Academic Monument"; they are either contained in the "Hefei County Chronicle" or have been preserved in the world as stone inscriptions.
Except for the first one, the other four authors all have great ties with Hefei, Zhu Xian is a Luzhou fu xuezheng, although not a Hefei native, but he has great feelings for the mountains and rivers of Hefei, after careful study and visit, wrote this famous "Eight Views", the literary brilliance, leaving a valuable wealth for the local culture of Hefei. Song Lian was the head of the founding ministers of the Ming Dynasty and one of the three great poets of the early Ming Dynasty, famous for his refined study of the "Book of Filial Piety", assisting Zhu Yuanzhang, advocating filial piety to rule the world. After his "Commentary on the Collection of Filial Piety" was written for his old friend Lü Xuan to serve as the county commander of Hefei County, and to publish the "Notes on the Collection of Filial Piety" at the Luzhou Xuegong. It is hoped that the old friend will be in chaos and will educate the people with Confucianism. In the nineteenth year of The Kangxi Dynasty, the new Hefei Zhixian Fan Shi came to Hefei to help the disaster victims and appease the exiles, and two years later, "the government became the people's security, it was a great repair of Confucianism", and began to repair the xue palace, and Li Tianfu, a scholar of Hefei University in the Kangxi Dynasty, returned to his hometown, witnessed this, was extremely happy, and wrote "The Record of Re-repairing Hefei County Confucianism", "Remembering the matter of the dove's work, describing the regulations, and surviving the past to the people who came to the past.".
Residents of Luzhou have always advocated the transmission of poetry and books to their families, and there are dozens of private schools in Hefei. However, being able to enter the government-run county school is still the dream of many parents. However, Hefei County no longer existed in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, and only some relics remained. In the 45th year of Qianlong (1780), Hefei County ordered Liu Kun to plan to re-study the county school, but unexpectedly the original county school base site had been built with residential buildings, and it had been more than a hundred years. Supposedly, this is the land of the government and can be demolished. 但这位亲民的县令，考虑到居民“一经拆毁，难以容身”，便让在原先县学位置上盖房的黄盛远、刘维新、刘迈群三户人家，分别捐出数额不等的银两，他和衙署各僚佐，也各自捐出养廉银，共集资5000两，在原位置的前面重新修建了一所县学，并立碑纪念，刘昆亲自动笔，撰写了这篇碑记。
In this column, only through five appendices, we can have a clear understanding of the cultural inheritance of the officials and gentry in the history of Hefei. Next, there are three appendices to the "Luzhou" list: first, Luzhou (construction history); second, Yao Nai: "Luzhou Fu Zhi"; third, Qiao Yu: "Luzhou Fu Xiucheng Record". The first text, such as the first and the last two consecutive readings, can give the reader a basic understanding of the construction of Luzhou Capital. In particular, Yao Nai took the lead in proposing in the "Luzhou Fu Zhi Order" that Hefei is the most suitable as the capital of Anhui Province: "Between Luzhou Jujiang and Huaijiang, the lake and mountains are around the confluence, and the most Xiong County." Yu Taste said that the country was established for more than a hundred years because of the old system of the Ming Dynasty, the construction of anhui province in Linjiang, the construction of teeth in the official government, and the establishment of official residences for more than a hundred years, and the ears should not be moved. If the terrain is wide and flat, the original is strong, and the control of the north and south is to say, the Anhui capital Jianya (衙), there is no suitable for Hefei. Here, we can't help but sincerely admire the unique vision of this "Tongcheng Sect Three Ancestors" who has gathered great achievements.
Other series of appendice literature, the author is also targeted to collect. For example, the two "Biographies of Li Bai" written by Liu Zhao of the Later Jin Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu of the Northern Song Dynasty under the appendix of the "Famous Masters Xing yin" and "Li Bai" entries respectively have different angles. For the famous "Bao Qingtian" Bao Zheng in Hefei history, pan shu's "Rebuilding Bao Gong Academy and", Zhou Bida's "After the Bao Bao Xiao Su Gong Post", Zhang Han's "Bao Xiao Su Gong Dian Wen" and Lin Zhi's "Bao Gong Xiao Su Tomb Record" are appended to four articles, so that readers can learn more about all aspects of this famous minister throughout the ages. For another example, for the literature appendices of major scenic spots, they are also set off around the key points as much as possible, such as teaching crossbow platforms, with "Teaching Crossbow Pine Shade"; Daoxianglou, with Xu Zijun's "Preface to the Poetry Collection of Daoxianglou"; Zhenhuai Lou, with Yang Lian's "Reconstruction of ZhenhuaiLou" and so on. In this way, the background knowledge of various ancient places and ancient attractions has been greatly enriched and enriched.
The third feature of this book is to examine and introduce the identity and origin of each poet in the book as much as possible. The more than two hundred authors listed in the book lived in various dynasties, from various places, and had various identities, and many of them are unknown due to their age. Dr. Wang Jian has worked tirelessly in this regard, collected and sorted out, and really put a lot of effort into it. Although there are still some omissions and doubts, and some authors are indeed untested, this is already a hard-won achievement. At the same time, he also tried to make some annotations on the ancient poems themselves recorded in the book, which is also commendable.
In summary, this "Hefei in Ancient Poetry" allows us to open another window to know Hefei and understand Hefei in the vision of ancient poetry, so that we have a deeper and more sincere understanding of the inexhaustible good mountains and waters of Hefei, the endless place name allusions, and the deep and long history and culture of Hefei contained in it; thus triggering us to like and love the city more and more, and are willing to make our own contributions for her beautiful tomorrow. is the preamble.
September 10, 2021
The author is a librarian of the Anhui Provincial Research Museum of Literature and History, the director of the Anhui Historical and Cultural Research Center, a doctor of history, and a researcher