Shanghai culture Everyone talked about | what is the big difference between Jiangnan centered on Shanghai and Jiangnan centered on Suzhou and Hangzhou

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Shangguan News: Is there a main line between Jiangnan culture, Shanghai culture and red culture?

Zhou Wu (researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences): Now when discussing the "three major cultures", it seems that everyone likes to talk about them separately, as if Shanghai culture is a puzzle of the "three major cultures", in fact, we should pay special attention to and study what common characteristics or commonalities they have.

Qi Weiping (Professor of East China Normal University): The reason why Shanghai has become an important position in the development of red culture is indeed closely related to the nourishment of Jiangnan culture and the nourishment of Shanghai culture. It makes it possible for advanced intellectuals to have no obstacles to acceptance and creative pressure on emerging ideas and advanced ideas. On the contrary, in the creation of red culture, everyone has also formed the ideological consciousness of drawing resources from Jiangnan culture and Shanghai culture.

Ye Zhou (Associate Researcher, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences): The vast majority of modern Shanghai immigrants come from Jiangnan. Man is the creator of culture and the most important carrier of culture. In this sense, the modern Shanghai urban culture is obviously based on the Jiangnan culture, and the excellent traditions of Jiangnan culture, such as chongshi, chongwen, heavy commerce, heavy people, exquisite, open and flexible, have been fully reflected in Shanghai.

Of course, Haipai culture is not a simple convergence of Jiangnan culture. The collision of Chinese and Western cultures has made Shanghai the most modern city in China and the forefront of the world. The incubation and development of Shanghai culture relies on Shanghai's highly commercialized society, and expands the market with innovation and flexibility. As far as its essence is concerned, the Culture of The Shanghai School is in the same vein as the Culture of Jiangnan, and it is a new form of development.

The diversified urban pattern bred by The Shanghai culture provides an indispensable living space for the development of red culture in Shanghai. It can be said that the red culture has given the "soul" of the Shanghai culture, and also made the Jiangnan culture glow with new vitality. In the continuation of traditional culture, red culture also has a deeper historical background and has been richly nourished.

Shangguan News: From "Shanghai in the past century" back to the "millennium Jiangnan", what kind of rich picture can we see?

Zou Zhenhuan (Professor of Fudan University): The historical Jiangnan is a changing historical space. As Mr. Zhou Zhenhe pointed out, Jiangnan is not only a regional concept – a concept that changes as people's geographical knowledge expands, but also has economic implications – representing an advanced economic zone, but at the same time a cultural concept – looking into the scope of a culturally developed zone.

Nowadays, the word "Jiangnan" has a richer connotation than the spatial area, that is, the developed economy, superior culture and relatively unified people's mentality, which is the result of the long-term interaction of factors such as climate and hydrology, natural environment and history and culture.

Wang Yonghao (Chairman of the Shanghai Literary and Art Critics Association and Professor at Fudan University): Historically, with the continuous weakening of land binding, the commercial and cultural entertainment industries in the Jiangnan region have become increasingly prosperous. Along with this, people's activity space has greatly increased, and exchanges have become increasingly frequent. This enabled the Southern Dynasty culture centered on Jinling, the Southern Song Dynasty culture centered on Hangzhou, and the Ming and Qing culture centered on Suzhou to spread rapidly and durably through various channels and in various ways, either advocating freedom, paying attention to charm, or paying attention to the heart, pursuing simplicity and beauty, or seeking advantages and avoiding harm, and following the characteristics of goodness and flowing quickly and durably, and accumulating over time, transforming and regenerating, and infecting the people on this land, thus promoting Jiangnan to become a humanistic source.

Yunjian is another name for Songjiang Province, which governs the entire area south of the Wusong River in present-day Shanghai to the seaside. Before the Ming Dynasty, there were 116 Jinshi in Yunjian; by the Ming Dynasty, it had increased sharply to 466; in the Qing Dynasty, there were 290 people. At the same time, there are no less than one hundred and ten famous families, so people call it "the prosperity of the literary style for a while, no less than Zou Lu". Such remarkable achievements are obviously inseparable from the influence of Jiangnan culture.

However, in order to fully understand Jiangnan culture, we cannot only talk about the impact of Jiangnan on Shanghai from the perspective of economic development. The composition of Jiangnan culture is far richer and more complex than we think, and there is one thing that I am afraid that not many people know about its comprehensive characteristics, that is, from the pre-Qin to the two Jin Dynasties, and then to the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, from Wu Yue to Jiang Chu, people in this land can often do many big things to help the crisis and hold the upside down and fight for righteousness with enthusiasm.

For example, Wang Yangming not only has profound thoughts, but also has very outstanding deeds, and he is a hero in his early years. His many disciples were influenced by it, such as Wang Geng, Wang Jiao, Wang Dong, Yan Jun, He Xinyin and others, all of whom were crazy heroes.

Like Chen Zilong, people only know that he is a famous scholar of Huating, the chief of the "Yunjian Poetry School" and the palace army of Ming poetry. As everyone knows, his willful vision is by no means an ordinary weak scholar. When the Ming Dynasty was about to die, he reflected on the empty talk of the people of the time and misled the country, actively advocated the practical study of the application of the world, and compiled the "Huangming JingshiWen Compilation" Huang Huang huang 504 volumes, involving politics and army, taxation, finance, farmland, water conservancy, education culture and canon system, etc., inspired Wang Fuzhi, Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi and other "three great people of the early Qing Dynasty".

There is also Chen Jiru, who has a calm temperament, is good at reading, poetry, painting, calligraphy and chess are good at everything, and his "Little Window Youji" is more fresh and unworldly, and "Cai Gen Tan" and "Night Talk of the Hearth" and called "the three strange books of the world", which seems to be a typical Jiangnan talent. But at the same time, he also likes to make friends with four parties, make promises for people, help the poor and the weak, and have a chivalrous style.

These examples are given to emphasize that Jiangnan's rich social economy, active culture and entertainment, as well as people's living habits, ways of dealing with the world and life ideals, have a far-reaching and comprehensive impact on Shanghai. The eagerness and righteousness of people in the above temperament are only one of the ends. Like the development of things and the flow of poetry and wine, it was once popular in this land and had an impact on the people of Shanghai.

Therefore, only by comprehensively and deeply understanding jiangnan culture can we accurately talk about Shanghai and Shanghai culture. To make a simple analogy, Jiangnan is the "mother of Shanghai" and Shanghai is the "son of Jiangnan".

Luo Huaizhen (Artistic Director of Shanghai Drama Creation Center and Professor of Shanghai Theater Academy): Indeed, the background of Jiangnan culture is actually masculine, strong, aggressive, and majestic, rather than feminine, compromised, conservative, and not pretentious. Jiangnan culture, which connects with Yangtze River culture, has always been a revolutionary and innovative progressive culture.

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"Haipai" has never been just a regional concept, it is also a value and aesthetic

Shangguan News: What kind of development space has the rise of modern Shanghai opened for Jiangnan culture?

Zhou Wu: The pattern between Jiangnan, centered on Shanghai, and Jiangnan, centered on Suzhou and Hangzhou, is very different in terms of pattern. Jiangnan, centered on Suzhou and Hangzhou, is a "regional world" dominated by inter-port trade, and Shanghai only exists as a transshipment port for Suzhou; Jiangnan, centered on Shanghai, is a "world region" deeply involved in the world market and global system.

From the "regional world" to the "world region", this far-reaching turning point has opened a gateway to the world for Jiangnan culture, enabling Jiangnan culture to take the lead in meeting with cultures around the world, and further giving Jiangnan culture modernity in this direct encounter.

Ye Zhou: Shanghai is not only an important gathering place for Jiangnan people, but also a booster for Jiangnan to move towards modern times. The most important thing is to promote the process of urbanization and industrialization in the Jiangnan region. Taking Wuxi as an example, the larger local capital groups, such as the flour and cotton spinning group of Rong Zongjing and Rong Desheng brothers, the silk reeling group of Xue Nanming and Xue Shouxuan's father and son, the cotton spinning group of yang Zonghan family, and the silk reeling group of Zhou Shunqing, all first made their careers in Shanghai, broadened their horizons, and then returned to their hometown to establish a new type of industry.

With the development of modern industry, the appearance of many cities in Jiangnan has undergone positive changes, and large areas of industrial areas, warehouse areas, commercial areas and residential areas have begun to appear, and many "small Shanghais" have emerged. More importantly, under the influence of Shanghai, the narrow space that used to be blind and obscure in the small town of Jiangnan was gradually replaced by an open and vast spiritual space.

Culturally, the traditional literati of the Jiangnan region gradually realized the transformation into modern intellectuals in Shanghai. Li Baojia, the author of "The Appearance of Officialdom", can be described as the first generation of freelance literati; Zhang Yuanji, Lu Feikui and Shen Zhifang have become the backbone of the modern publishing industry; and many Mandarin Duck butterfly novel writers have issued the precursors of modern best-selling writers.

There are also a large number of Jiangnan people who have devoted themselves to the creation of plays, movies and popular music, making it a widely influential cultural variety of modern Chinese cities. Local cultures such as Suzhou Pingtan, Wuxi's Tanchun, and Shaoxing's Yue Opera have become an inseparable part of modern urban culture through the big stage of Shanghai.

The Jiangnan intellectual elite in Shanghai also actively studied new trends of thought, absorbed new concepts, and played an important role in changing the law and revolution. For example, Yu Xiusong, Chen Wangdao, Shi Cuntong, etc. participated in the founding of the Communist Party of China and the spread of Marxism, and Chen Yun and Qu Qiubai became the leaders of the Communist Party of China.

Shangguan News: In the era of integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, how to further humanistic affinity and regional linkage?

Luo Huaizhen: "Haipai" has never been just a regional concept, but at the same time a value, aesthetics, and a cultural temperament with innovative connotations, such as the "Qipai" of Haipai Peking Opera and Yu Zhenfei's Kunqu Opera. Advocating "Haipai" will affect the concerns of humanistic affinity, in fact, the understanding of "Haipai" is small and narrow, and I am afraid that behind it is a reflection of the cautious psychology of the city becoming more and more international and the culture is becoming more and more regional.

Zhou Wu: Clearly explaining where the background, charm and spirit of the Shanghai school culture come from will not be detrimental to the development of regional linkage, but will promote the development of regional linkage.

For example, the Commercial Press is the leader of china's publishing industry in modern times, but most of its staff, editors and authors come from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Leaving Jiangnan, it is difficult to imagine that the Commercial Press will achieve such impressive results.

From the formation and structure of Shanghainese, we can also more clearly see the deep historical connection between Haipai culture and the Yangtze River Delta.

Some scholars have pointed out that Shanghai dialect is composed of four parts: the first is the Suzhou language family, including baoshan, Nanhui, Kunshan, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and other dialects; the second is the Ningbo language family, including Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Taizhou and other dialects; the third is Cantonese; the fourth is other dialects, including northern Suzhou dialects. Among them, Suzhou languages account for 75%, Ningbo languages account for 10%, and other dialects account for 15%. This further shows that in fact, there is no "Haipai" independent of the vast hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta.

Duan Lian (Associate Researcher, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences): Haipai culture can actually cover cities such as Ningbo, and even Tianjin and other cities have "Haipai" figures. Moreover, the word "Haipai" is not immutable, and the sea is full of rivers and the times can be described as the soul of "Haipai".

Shangguan News: What is the connection between Shanghai culture and red culture?

Luo Gang (Professor, East China Normal University): The red culture, which is closely related to the trend of world socialism, not only shares some of the achievements of modernization with the Haipai culture, but also transcends the Haipai culture in the sense of reflecting on Western modernization, forming a line of thinking that combines the universal truth of Marxism with China's specific practice, and truly embarking on the road of "Chinese-style modernization". In this regard, we must not simply say that the red culture is derived from the Haipai culture.

Qi Weiping: The initial formation of the Hai school culture was mainly based on the 18th-century Western bourgeois Enlightenment thought in the "West learning from the East". It is not in line with historical logic to say that Shanghai's red culture originates from The Shanghai culture, or even that the red culture is derived from the Shanghai culture, nor can it reflect the essence of the red culture.

Column Editor-in-Chief: Gong Danyun Caption Source: Meng Yuhan Photo Editor: Xiang Jianying

Source: Author: Xia Bin Cao Jing